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Paul J Silvia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self-Awareness, Self-Evaluation, and Creativity
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Paul J Silvia, Ann G. PhillipsAbstract:The present research examined when Self-evaluation influences creativity. Based on objective Self-Awareness theory, the authors predicted that feeling able to improve would buffer against the detrimental effects of Self-evaluation on creativity. Two experiments manipulated Self-evaluation (varying Self-Awareness, Study 1; providing objective performance standards, Study 2) and perceived ability to improve potential failure on the creativity task. Self-evaluation reduced creativity (generating remote associates, finding unusual uses for a knife) in both experiments, but only when people did not expect to improve. When people felt able to improve, Self-evaluation did not affect creativity. Connections between Self-motives, creativity, and defensiveness are discussed.
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Self Awareness and emotional intensity
Cognition & Emotion, 2002Co-Authors: Paul J SilviaAbstract:Does Self-Awareness amplify or dampen the intensity of emotional experience? Early research argued that Self-Awareness makes emotional states salient, resulting in greater emotional intensity. But these studies induced a standard for emotional intensity, confounding the salience of the emotional state with the Self-regulation effects of Self-Awareness. Three experiments suggest high Self-Awareness can dampen the intensity of emotional experience in the absence of this confound. In Study 1, participants were led to feel sad in the presence or absence of a mirror; a standard for emotionality was or was not induced. High Self-Awareness amplified sadness when there was a standard for emotionality; it dampened sadness when there was no standard. Additional experiments using a Self-novelty writing task (Study 2) and a mirror (Study 3) showed that Self-Awareness can also dampen positive affect. A fourth study found that trait private Self-consciousness did not affect emotional intensity after controlling for the effects of neuroticism. The intersections of Self-focused attention and emotional experience are discussed.
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objective Self Awareness theory recent progress and enduring problems
Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2001Co-Authors: Paul J Silvia, Shelley T DuvalAbstract:Objective Self-Awareness theory has undergone fundamental changes in the 3 decades since Duval and Wicklund's (1972) original formulation. We review new evidence that bears on the basic tenets of the theory. Many of the assumptions of Self-Awareness theory require revision, particularly how expectancies influence approach and avoidance of Self-standard discrepancies; the nature of standards, especially when they are changed; and the role of causal attribution in directing discrepancy reduction. However, several unresolved conceptual issues remain; future theoretical and empirical directions are discussed.
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Dispositonal Self-Awareness
Self-Awareness & Causal Attribution, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas Shelley Duval, Paul J SilviaAbstract:Theoriginal Monograph on objective Self-Awareness (Duval & Wicklund, 1972) concluded with arguments against “dispositional Self-Awareness.” It is thus ironic that a large ancillary literature exists on “public and private Self-consciousness,” first proposed by Fenigstein, Scheier, and Buss (1975) as an individual-differences approach to Self-Awareness. These scales have been enormously popular, as shown by past reviews (Buss, 1980; Carver & Scheier, 1981; Scheier & Carver, 1983a; Wells & Matthews, 1994). In this chapter we take a close look at the conceptual and empirical foundations of this work.
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Effects of Affect on Self-Awareness
Self-Awareness & Causal Attribution, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas Shelley Duval, Paul J SilviaAbstract:The Original Self-Awareness Theory argued that a variety of conditions could bring about objective Self-Awareness, but later research seemed to identify the conceptual processes with the concrete experimental inductions. Naturalistic inductions of Self-Awareness were rarely explored; this unfortunately narrowed the scope of Self-Awareness research. For this reason, one of the more interesting emerging research areas is the study of how affective states influence the intensity of Self-focused attention. People are always experiencing some form of affect (Izard, 1977), so affect may be an especially significant naturalistic inducer of Self-Awareness. This area also promises insights into the interface of Self-Awareness and clinical psychology. Self-focus and dysfunctional affect co-occur in many disorders, but little is known about how they interactively create and sustain psychopathology (Wells & Matthews, 1994).
Elizabeth Nutt Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The In-Session Self-Awareness of Therapist-Trainees: Hindering or Helpful?.
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: James Fauth, Elizabeth Nutt WilliamsAbstract:Although therapist Self-Awareness has been hailed as a critical component of psychotherapy, recent evidence suggests that therapists' in-session Self-Awareness may hinder rather than help the therapeutic process. The authors examined the in-session Self-Awareness of therapists in training (trainees) in relation to their interpersonal involvement and the reactions of volunteer student clients (volunteer clients). Trainee in-session Self-Awareness variables predicted over 50% of the variance in their interpersonal involvement and the volunteer clients' perceptions of the therapeutic alliance. Contrary to previous research, trainees' level of in-session Self-Awareness was generally helpful rather than hindering from both the trainee and student-client perspectives. Potentially hindering aspects of in-session Self-Awareness did emerge, however, in that trainees' increasing efforts to manage their Self-Awareness were related to decreased trainee involvement and lower volunteer client ratings of the therapeutic alliance.
Ann G. Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self-Awareness, Self-Evaluation, and Creativity
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Paul J Silvia, Ann G. PhillipsAbstract:The present research examined when Self-evaluation influences creativity. Based on objective Self-Awareness theory, the authors predicted that feeling able to improve would buffer against the detrimental effects of Self-evaluation on creativity. Two experiments manipulated Self-evaluation (varying Self-Awareness, Study 1; providing objective performance standards, Study 2) and perceived ability to improve potential failure on the creativity task. Self-evaluation reduced creativity (generating remote associates, finding unusual uses for a knife) in both experiments, but only when people did not expect to improve. When people felt able to improve, Self-evaluation did not affect creativity. Connections between Self-motives, creativity, and defensiveness are discussed.
Alain Morin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A neurocognitive and socioecological model of Self-Awareness.
Genetic social and general psychology monographs, 2004Co-Authors: Alain MorinAbstract:In the past, researchers have focused mainly on the effects and consequences of Self-Awareness; however, they have neglected a more basic issue pertaining to the specific mechanisms that initiate and sustain Self-perception. The author presents a model of Self-Awareness that proposes the existence of 3 sources of Self-information. First, the social milieu includes early face-to-face interactions, Self-relevant feedback, a social comparison mechanism that leads to perspective taking, and audiences. Second, contacts with objects and structures in the physical environment foster Self-world differentiation in infants; this environment also contains Self-focusing and reflecting stimuli, such as mirrors and video cameras. Third, the Self can develop bodily Awareness through proprioception and can reflect on itSelf using imagery and inner speech. Furthermore, Self-Awareness is mainly mediated by the prefrontal lobes. The author establishes various links among these different neurological, social, ecological, and...
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A neuro-socio-cognitive model of Self-Awareness
2003Co-Authors: Alain MorinAbstract:Presents a model of Self-Awareness that proposes the existence of three sources of Self-information. (1) The social milieu includes Self-relevant feedback, a social comparison mechanism leading to perspective-taking, and audiences. (2) The physical environment contains Self-focusing and reflecting stimuli such as mirrors and video cameras. (3) The Self can develop bodily Awareness through proprioception and can reflect upon itSelf using imagery and inner speech. Furthermore, Self-Awareness is mainly mediated by the prefrontal lobes. Various links are established between these different neurological, social, and cognitive elements of the model.
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Right hemispheric Self-Awareness: a critical assessment.
Consciousness and cognition, 2002Co-Authors: Alain MorinAbstract:Abstract In this commentary I evaluate the claim made by Keenan, Nelson, O’Connor, and Pascual-Leone (2001) that since Self-recognition results from right hemispheric activity, Self-Awareness too is likely to be produced by the activity of the same hemisphere. This reasoning is based on the assumption that Self-recognition represents a valid operationalization of Self-Awareness; I present two views that challenge this rationale. Keenan et al. also support their claim with published evidence relating brain activity and Self-Awareness; I closely examine their analysis of one specific review of literature and conclude that it appears to be biased. Finally, recent research suggests that inner speech (which is associated with left hemispheric activity) is linked to Self-Awareness—an observation that further casts doubt on the existence of a right hemispheric Self-Awareness.
James Fauth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The In-Session Self-Awareness of Therapist-Trainees: Hindering or Helpful?.
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: James Fauth, Elizabeth Nutt WilliamsAbstract:Although therapist Self-Awareness has been hailed as a critical component of psychotherapy, recent evidence suggests that therapists' in-session Self-Awareness may hinder rather than help the therapeutic process. The authors examined the in-session Self-Awareness of therapists in training (trainees) in relation to their interpersonal involvement and the reactions of volunteer student clients (volunteer clients). Trainee in-session Self-Awareness variables predicted over 50% of the variance in their interpersonal involvement and the volunteer clients' perceptions of the therapeutic alliance. Contrary to previous research, trainees' level of in-session Self-Awareness was generally helpful rather than hindering from both the trainee and student-client perspectives. Potentially hindering aspects of in-session Self-Awareness did emerge, however, in that trainees' increasing efforts to manage their Self-Awareness were related to decreased trainee involvement and lower volunteer client ratings of the therapeutic alliance.