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Juan Jesus Gestalotero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sociodemographic factors related to Self Medication in spain
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Adolfo Figueiras, Francisco Caamano, Juan Jesus GestaloteroAbstract:To identify the sociodemographic factors associated to Self-Medication (i.e. use of non-prescription medicines) and undesirable Self-Medication, a cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample (n = 20,311) representative of the population of adults of 16 years of age and older in Spain. Multivariate Cox's regression was used. The prevalence of Self-Medication in the sample was 12.7% during the two weeks preceding the interview. Self-Medication is more prevalent among women, persons who live alone, and persons who live in large cities. For persons who reported acute disorders, Self-Medication prevalence was higher among those with higher educational levels. The prevalence of undesirable Self-Medication in the sample was 2.5% during the two weeks previous to the interview. Undesirable Self-Medication is twice as common among persons older than 40 years, as compared to persons younger than 27 years. Undesirable Self-Medication prevalence is 53.0% higher among those who live alone as compared to those who live with their partner (95% confidence intervel (CI): 15.2–103.2) and 36.8% higher among students as compared to full-time workers (95% CI: 1.9–83.5). People over 40 years of age, people living alone, and students should be the priority target populations for public health education programs aimed at improving the quality of Self-Medication behavior.
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sociodemographic factors related to Self Medication in spain
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Adolfo Figueiras, Francisco Caamano, Juan Jesus GestaloteroAbstract:To identify the sociodemographic factors associated to Self-Medication (i.e. use of non-prescription medicines) and undesirable Self-Medication, a cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample (n = 20,311) representative of the population of adults of 16 years of age and older in Spain. Multivariate Cox's regression was used. The prevalence of Self-Medication in the sample was 12.7% during the two weeks preceding the interview. Self-Medication is more prevalent among women, persons who live alone, and persons who live in large cities. For persons who reported acute disorders, Self-Medication prevalence was higher among those with higher educational levels. The prevalence of undesirable Self-Medication in the sample was 2.5% during the two weeks previous to the interview. Undesirable Self-Medication is twice as common among persons older than 40 years, as compared to persons younger than 27 years. Undesirable Self-Medication prevalence is 53.0% higher among those who live alone as compared to those who live with their partner (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.2-103.2) and 36.8% higher among students as compared to full-time workers (95% CI: 1.9-83.5). People over 40 years of age, people living alone, and students should be the priority target populations for public health education programs aimed at improving the quality of Self-Medication behavior.
Celestino Obua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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household antimicrobial Self Medication a systematic review and meta analysis of the burden risk factors and outcomes in developing countries
BMC Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Moses Ocan, Freddie Bwanga, Jasper Ogwalokeng, Ekwaro A Obuku, Dickens Akena, Sennono Richard, Celestino ObuaAbstract:Antimicrobial Self-Medication is common in most low and middle income countries (LMICs). However there has been no systematic review on non-prescription antimicrobial use in these settings. This review thus intended to establish the burden, risk factors and effects of antimicrobial Self-Medication in Low and Middle Income Countries. In 2012, we registered a systematic review protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42012002508). We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases using the following terms; “Self-Medication”, “non-prescription”, ‘Self-treatment’, “antimicrobial”, “antimalarial”, “antibiotic”, “antibacterial” “2002-2012” and combining them using Boolean operators. We performed independent and duplicate screening and abstraction of study administrative data, prevalence, determinants, type of antimicrobial agent, source, disease conditions, inappropriate use, drug adverse events and clinical outcomes of antibiotic Self-Medication where possible. We performed a Random Effects Meta-analysis. A total of thirty four (34) studies involving 31,340 participants were included in the review. The overall prevalence of antimicrobial Self-Medication was 38.8 % (95 % CI: 29.5-48.1). Most studies assessed non-prescription use of antibacterial (17/34: 50 %) and antimalarial (5/34: 14.7 %) agents. The common disease symptoms managed were, respiratory (50 %), fever (47 %) and gastrointestinal (45 %). The major sources of antimicrobials included, pharmacies (65.5 %), leftover drugs (50 %) and drug shops (37.5 %). Twelve (12) studies reported inappropriate drug use; not completing dose (6/12) and sharing of medicines (4/12). The main determinants of antimicrobial Self-Medication include, level of education, age, gender, past successful use, severity of illness and income. Reported negative outcomes of antimicrobial Self-Medication included, allergies (2/34: 5.9 %), lack of cure (4/34: 11.8 %) and causing death (2/34: 5.9 %). The commonly reported positive outcome was recovery from illness (4/34: 11.8 %). The prevalence of antimicrobial Self-Medication is high and varies in different communities as well as by social determinants of health and is frequently associated with inappropriate drug use.
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patterns and predictors of Self Medication in northern uganda
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Moses Ocan, Freddie Bwanga, Godfrey S Bbosa, Danstan Bagenda, Paul Waako, Jasper Ogwalokeng, Celestino ObuaAbstract:Self-Medication with antimicrobial agents is a common form of Self-care among patients globally with the prevalence and nature differing from country to country. Here we assessed the prevalence and predictors of antimicrobial Self-Medication in post-conflict northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was carried out using structured interviews on 892 adult (≥18 years) participants. Information on drug name, prescriber, source, cost, quantity of drug obtained, and drug use was collected. Households were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling method. One respondent who reported having an illness within three months in each household was recruited. In each household, information was obtained from only one adult individual. Data was analyzed using STATA at 95% level of significance. The study found that a high proportion (75.7%) of the respondents practiced antimicrobial Self-Medication. Fever, headache, lack of appetite and body weakness were the disease symptoms most treated through Self-Medication (30.3%). The commonly Self-medicated antimicrobials were coartem (27.3%), amoxicillin (21.7%), metronidazole (12.3%), and cotrimoxazole (11.6%). Drug use among respondents was mainly initiated by Self-prescription (46.5%) and drug shop attendants (57.6%). On average, participants obtained 13.9±8.8 (95%CI: 12.6-13.8) tablets/capsules of antimicrobial drugs from drug shops and drugs were used for an average of 3.7±2.8 days (95%CI: 3.3-3.5). Over half (68.2%) of the respondents would recommend Self-Medication to another sick person. A high proportion (76%) of respondents reported that antimicrobial Self-Medication had associated risks such as wastage of money (42.1%), drug resistance (33.2%), and masking symptoms of underlying disease (15.5%). Predictors of Self-Medication with antimicrobial agents included gender, drug knowledge, drug leaflets, advice from friends, previous experience, long waiting time, and distance to the health facility. Despite knowledge of associated risks, use of Self-Medication with antimicrobial drugs in management of disease symptoms is a common practice in post-conflict northern Uganda.
Adolfo Figueiras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sociodemographic factors related to Self Medication in spain
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Adolfo Figueiras, Francisco Caamano, Juan Jesus GestaloteroAbstract:To identify the sociodemographic factors associated to Self-Medication (i.e. use of non-prescription medicines) and undesirable Self-Medication, a cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample (n = 20,311) representative of the population of adults of 16 years of age and older in Spain. Multivariate Cox's regression was used. The prevalence of Self-Medication in the sample was 12.7% during the two weeks preceding the interview. Self-Medication is more prevalent among women, persons who live alone, and persons who live in large cities. For persons who reported acute disorders, Self-Medication prevalence was higher among those with higher educational levels. The prevalence of undesirable Self-Medication in the sample was 2.5% during the two weeks previous to the interview. Undesirable Self-Medication is twice as common among persons older than 40 years, as compared to persons younger than 27 years. Undesirable Self-Medication prevalence is 53.0% higher among those who live alone as compared to those who live with their partner (95% confidence intervel (CI): 15.2–103.2) and 36.8% higher among students as compared to full-time workers (95% CI: 1.9–83.5). People over 40 years of age, people living alone, and students should be the priority target populations for public health education programs aimed at improving the quality of Self-Medication behavior.
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sociodemographic factors related to Self Medication in spain
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Adolfo Figueiras, Francisco Caamano, Juan Jesus GestaloteroAbstract:To identify the sociodemographic factors associated to Self-Medication (i.e. use of non-prescription medicines) and undesirable Self-Medication, a cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample (n = 20,311) representative of the population of adults of 16 years of age and older in Spain. Multivariate Cox's regression was used. The prevalence of Self-Medication in the sample was 12.7% during the two weeks preceding the interview. Self-Medication is more prevalent among women, persons who live alone, and persons who live in large cities. For persons who reported acute disorders, Self-Medication prevalence was higher among those with higher educational levels. The prevalence of undesirable Self-Medication in the sample was 2.5% during the two weeks previous to the interview. Undesirable Self-Medication is twice as common among persons older than 40 years, as compared to persons younger than 27 years. Undesirable Self-Medication prevalence is 53.0% higher among those who live alone as compared to those who live with their partner (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.2-103.2) and 36.8% higher among students as compared to full-time workers (95% CI: 1.9-83.5). People over 40 years of age, people living alone, and students should be the priority target populations for public health education programs aimed at improving the quality of Self-Medication behavior.
James M Bolton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self Medication of mood disorders with alcohol and drugs in the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2009Co-Authors: James M Bolton, Jennifer Robinson, Jitender SareenAbstract:Abstract Background Using alcohol or drugs to reduce emotional distress (Self-Medication) has been proposed as an explanation for the high comorbidity rates between anxiety and substance use disorders. Self-Medication has been minimally studied in mood disorders despite equally high rates of alcohol and drug use. Methods Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a large ( n = 43,093, age 18 years and older) nationally representative survey of mental illness in community-dwelling adults. Prevalence rates of Self-Medication were determined for DSM-IV mood disorders: dysthymia, major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder. Multiple logistic regression generated odds ratios for the association between each category of Self-Medication and anxiety and personality disorders. Results Almost one-quarter of individuals with mood disorders (24.1%) used alcohol or drugs to relieve symptoms. The highest prevalence of Self-Medication was seen in bipolar I disorder (41.0%). Men were more than twice as likely as women to engage in Self-Medication (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.18; 95% Confidence Interval 1.90–2.49). After controlling for the effects of substance use disorders, Self-Medication was associated with higher odds of comorbid anxiety and personality disorders when compared to individuals who did not Self-medicate. Limitations Cross-sectional design. Conclusions The use of alcohol and drugs to relieve affective symptoms is common among individuals with mood disorders in the general population, yet is associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity. These findings may help clinicians identify a subgroup of people with mood disorders who suffer from a higher mental illness burden.
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Self Medication of anxiety disorders with alcohol and drugs results from a nationally representative sample
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2009Co-Authors: Jennifer Robinson, Jitender Sareen, Brian J Cox, James M BoltonAbstract:Self-Medication--the use of alcohol or drugs in an attempt to reduce anxiety--has often been invoked as an explanatory mechanism for the high co-occurrence of anxiety and substance use disorders (for reviews, see Allan, C. A. (1995). Alcohol problems and anxiety disorders-A critical review. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 30(2), 145-151; Kushner, M. G., Abrams, K., & Borchardt. (2000). The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: A review of major perspectives and findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(2), 149-171). The current study expands upon previous Self-Medication research by: (1) examining prevalence and comorbidity of Self-Medication for anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder); (2) using a nationally representative sample (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; N=43,093) to do so; and (3) by differentiating Self-Medication with alcohol from Self-Medication with drugs. Prevalence rates ranged from 18.3% (Self-Medication with alcohol for generalized anxiety disorder) to 3.3% (Self-Medication with both alcohol and drugs for specific phobia and panic disorder without agoraphobia). Multiple logistic regression analyses determined that Self-Medication with alcohol was associated with increased likelihood of any mood or personality disorder diagnosis, while Self-Medication with both alcohol and drugs further increased these associations over and above Self-Medication with alcohol alone. Findings remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic and substance use disorder variables, which suggests that independently of substance use disorders, Self-Medication can be viewed as a marker of severity.
Moses Ocan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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household antimicrobial Self Medication a systematic review and meta analysis of the burden risk factors and outcomes in developing countries
BMC Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Moses Ocan, Freddie Bwanga, Jasper Ogwalokeng, Ekwaro A Obuku, Dickens Akena, Sennono Richard, Celestino ObuaAbstract:Antimicrobial Self-Medication is common in most low and middle income countries (LMICs). However there has been no systematic review on non-prescription antimicrobial use in these settings. This review thus intended to establish the burden, risk factors and effects of antimicrobial Self-Medication in Low and Middle Income Countries. In 2012, we registered a systematic review protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42012002508). We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases using the following terms; “Self-Medication”, “non-prescription”, ‘Self-treatment’, “antimicrobial”, “antimalarial”, “antibiotic”, “antibacterial” “2002-2012” and combining them using Boolean operators. We performed independent and duplicate screening and abstraction of study administrative data, prevalence, determinants, type of antimicrobial agent, source, disease conditions, inappropriate use, drug adverse events and clinical outcomes of antibiotic Self-Medication where possible. We performed a Random Effects Meta-analysis. A total of thirty four (34) studies involving 31,340 participants were included in the review. The overall prevalence of antimicrobial Self-Medication was 38.8 % (95 % CI: 29.5-48.1). Most studies assessed non-prescription use of antibacterial (17/34: 50 %) and antimalarial (5/34: 14.7 %) agents. The common disease symptoms managed were, respiratory (50 %), fever (47 %) and gastrointestinal (45 %). The major sources of antimicrobials included, pharmacies (65.5 %), leftover drugs (50 %) and drug shops (37.5 %). Twelve (12) studies reported inappropriate drug use; not completing dose (6/12) and sharing of medicines (4/12). The main determinants of antimicrobial Self-Medication include, level of education, age, gender, past successful use, severity of illness and income. Reported negative outcomes of antimicrobial Self-Medication included, allergies (2/34: 5.9 %), lack of cure (4/34: 11.8 %) and causing death (2/34: 5.9 %). The commonly reported positive outcome was recovery from illness (4/34: 11.8 %). The prevalence of antimicrobial Self-Medication is high and varies in different communities as well as by social determinants of health and is frequently associated with inappropriate drug use.
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patterns and predictors of Self Medication in northern uganda
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Moses Ocan, Freddie Bwanga, Godfrey S Bbosa, Danstan Bagenda, Paul Waako, Jasper Ogwalokeng, Celestino ObuaAbstract:Self-Medication with antimicrobial agents is a common form of Self-care among patients globally with the prevalence and nature differing from country to country. Here we assessed the prevalence and predictors of antimicrobial Self-Medication in post-conflict northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was carried out using structured interviews on 892 adult (≥18 years) participants. Information on drug name, prescriber, source, cost, quantity of drug obtained, and drug use was collected. Households were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling method. One respondent who reported having an illness within three months in each household was recruited. In each household, information was obtained from only one adult individual. Data was analyzed using STATA at 95% level of significance. The study found that a high proportion (75.7%) of the respondents practiced antimicrobial Self-Medication. Fever, headache, lack of appetite and body weakness were the disease symptoms most treated through Self-Medication (30.3%). The commonly Self-medicated antimicrobials were coartem (27.3%), amoxicillin (21.7%), metronidazole (12.3%), and cotrimoxazole (11.6%). Drug use among respondents was mainly initiated by Self-prescription (46.5%) and drug shop attendants (57.6%). On average, participants obtained 13.9±8.8 (95%CI: 12.6-13.8) tablets/capsules of antimicrobial drugs from drug shops and drugs were used for an average of 3.7±2.8 days (95%CI: 3.3-3.5). Over half (68.2%) of the respondents would recommend Self-Medication to another sick person. A high proportion (76%) of respondents reported that antimicrobial Self-Medication had associated risks such as wastage of money (42.1%), drug resistance (33.2%), and masking symptoms of underlying disease (15.5%). Predictors of Self-Medication with antimicrobial agents included gender, drug knowledge, drug leaflets, advice from friends, previous experience, long waiting time, and distance to the health facility. Despite knowledge of associated risks, use of Self-Medication with antimicrobial drugs in management of disease symptoms is a common practice in post-conflict northern Uganda.
