The Experts below are selected from a list of 1028022 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Thomas Laux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the stem cell population of arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the clavata and wuschel genes
    Cell, 2000
    Co-Authors: Heiko Schoof, Achim Haecker, Klaus F X Mayer, Gerd Jurgens, Thomas Laux
    Abstract:

    The higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic structure whose maintenance depends on the coordination of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the CLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initiation. Our analysis of the interactions between these key regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expression is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data suggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a Self-Regulatory System in which WUS/CLV interactions establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and the underlying organizing center.

  • the stem cell population of arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the clavata and wuschel genes
    Cell, 2000
    Co-Authors: Heiko Schoof, Michael Lenhard, Achim Haecker, Klaus F X Mayer, Gerd Jurgens, Thomas Laux
    Abstract:

    Summary that cells respond to signals from their neighbors. This suggests that maintaining the shoot meristem organizaThe higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic struc- tion requires regulation at two levels. First, distinct subture whose maintenance depends on the coordination populations must be delimited and second, different of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and developmental programs must be specified within these self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis subpopulations. Recently, several key genes involved shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) in this regulation have been identified. gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the The homeobox gene WUSCHEL is required for speciCLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initia- fying stem cell identity. Mutations in WUS result in the tion. Our analysis of the interactions between these misspecification of stem cells and premature terminakey regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress tion of shoot and floral meristems after a few organs WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expres- have been formed (Laux et al., 1996). WUS expression sion is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and is initiated at the 16-cell embryo stage, long before a the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data shoot meristem is evident, and gradually becomes resuggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a stricted to the center of the developing shoot meristem Self-Regulatory System in which WUS/CLV interactions primordium by several asymmetric cell divisions (Mayer establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and et al., 1998). In the active shoot meristem, WUS is ex

Roger Magnusson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an audit of food and beverage advertising on the sydney metropolitan train network regulation and policy implications
    2017
    Co-Authors: Emma Sainsbury, Stephen Colagiuri, Roger Magnusson
    Abstract:

    Background: Increased marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods has been identified as a driver of the global obesity epidemic and a priority area for preventative efforts. Local and international research has focused on the unhealthiness of television advertising, with limited research into the growing outdoor advertising industry. This study aimed to examine the extent of food and beverage advertising on the Sydney metropolitan train network, and to assess the nutritional quality of advertised products against the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Methods: All 178 train stations on the Sydney metropolitan train network were surveyed in summer and winter. A survey tool was developed to collect information for all advertisements on and immediately surrounding the train station. Information included product, brand, location and advertisement format. Advertisements were coded by nutrition category, product subcategory and size. Chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were conducted to test for differences in the amount of food and beverage advertising by season and area socioeconomic status (SES). Results: Of 6931 advertisements identified, 1915 (27.6%) were promoting a food or beverage. The majority of food and beverage advertisements were for unhealthy products; 84.3% were classified as discretionary, 8.0% core and 7.6% miscellaneous. Snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently advertised products, regardless of season. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were the largest advertisers on the network, contributing 10.9% and 6.5% of total advertisements respectively. There was no difference in the mean number of food and beverage advertisements by area SES, but the proportion of advertising that was for discretionary foods was highest in low SES areas (41.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that, irrespective of season, food and beverage advertisements across the Sydney metropolitan train network are overwhelmingly for unhealthy (discretionary) products. The results of this study highlight the inadequacy of Australia’s voluntary Self-Regulatory System in protecting members of the public from exposure to unhealthy food advertising. Regulatory action by government, such as placing a cap on the amount of unhealthy food advertisements, or requiring a proportion of all advertising to be for the promotion of healthy foods, is required to address this issue.

  • an audit of food and beverage advertising on the sydney metropolitan train network regulation and policy implications
    BMC Public Health, 2017
    Co-Authors: Emma Sainsbury, Stephen Colagiuri, Roger Magnusson
    Abstract:

    Increased marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods has been identified as a driver of the global obesity epidemic and a priority area for preventative efforts. Local and international research has focused on the unhealthiness of television advertising, with limited research into the growing outdoor advertising industry. This study aimed to examine the extent of food and beverage advertising on the Sydney metropolitan train network, and to assess the nutritional quality of advertised products against the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. All 178 train stations on the Sydney metropolitan train network were surveyed in summer and winter. A survey tool was developed to collect information for all advertisements on and immediately surrounding the train station. Information included product, brand, location and advertisement format. Advertisements were coded by nutrition category, product subcategory and size. Chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were conducted to test for differences in the amount of food and beverage advertising by season and area socioeconomic status (SES). Of 6931 advertisements identified, 1915 (27.6%) were promoting a food or beverage. The majority of food and beverage advertisements were for unhealthy products; 84.3% were classified as discretionary, 8.0% core and 7.6% miscellaneous. Snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently advertised products, regardless of season. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were the largest advertisers on the network, contributing 10.9% and 6.5% of total advertisements respectively. There was no difference in the mean number of food and beverage advertisements by area SES, but the proportion of advertising that was for discretionary foods was highest in low SES areas (41.9%, p < 0.001). The results indicate that, irrespective of season, food and beverage advertisements across the Sydney metropolitan train network are overwhelmingly for unhealthy (discretionary) products. The results of this study highlight the inadequacy of Australia’s voluntary Self-Regulatory System in protecting members of the public from exposure to unhealthy food advertising. Regulatory action by government, such as placing a cap on the amount of unhealthy food advertisements, or requiring a proportion of all advertising to be for the promotion of healthy foods, is required to address this issue.

Heiko Schoof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the stem cell population of arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the clavata and wuschel genes
    Cell, 2000
    Co-Authors: Heiko Schoof, Achim Haecker, Klaus F X Mayer, Gerd Jurgens, Thomas Laux
    Abstract:

    The higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic structure whose maintenance depends on the coordination of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the CLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initiation. Our analysis of the interactions between these key regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expression is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data suggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a Self-Regulatory System in which WUS/CLV interactions establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and the underlying organizing center.

  • the stem cell population of arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the clavata and wuschel genes
    Cell, 2000
    Co-Authors: Heiko Schoof, Michael Lenhard, Achim Haecker, Klaus F X Mayer, Gerd Jurgens, Thomas Laux
    Abstract:

    Summary that cells respond to signals from their neighbors. This suggests that maintaining the shoot meristem organizaThe higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic struc- tion requires regulation at two levels. First, distinct subture whose maintenance depends on the coordination populations must be delimited and second, different of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and developmental programs must be specified within these self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis subpopulations. Recently, several key genes involved shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) in this regulation have been identified. gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the The homeobox gene WUSCHEL is required for speciCLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initia- fying stem cell identity. Mutations in WUS result in the tion. Our analysis of the interactions between these misspecification of stem cells and premature terminakey regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress tion of shoot and floral meristems after a few organs WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expres- have been formed (Laux et al., 1996). WUS expression sion is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and is initiated at the 16-cell embryo stage, long before a the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data shoot meristem is evident, and gradually becomes resuggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a stricted to the center of the developing shoot meristem Self-Regulatory System in which WUS/CLV interactions primordium by several asymmetric cell divisions (Mayer establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and et al., 1998). In the active shoot meristem, WUS is ex

Emma Sainsbury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an audit of food and beverage advertising on the sydney metropolitan train network regulation and policy implications
    2017
    Co-Authors: Emma Sainsbury, Stephen Colagiuri, Roger Magnusson
    Abstract:

    Background: Increased marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods has been identified as a driver of the global obesity epidemic and a priority area for preventative efforts. Local and international research has focused on the unhealthiness of television advertising, with limited research into the growing outdoor advertising industry. This study aimed to examine the extent of food and beverage advertising on the Sydney metropolitan train network, and to assess the nutritional quality of advertised products against the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Methods: All 178 train stations on the Sydney metropolitan train network were surveyed in summer and winter. A survey tool was developed to collect information for all advertisements on and immediately surrounding the train station. Information included product, brand, location and advertisement format. Advertisements were coded by nutrition category, product subcategory and size. Chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were conducted to test for differences in the amount of food and beverage advertising by season and area socioeconomic status (SES). Results: Of 6931 advertisements identified, 1915 (27.6%) were promoting a food or beverage. The majority of food and beverage advertisements were for unhealthy products; 84.3% were classified as discretionary, 8.0% core and 7.6% miscellaneous. Snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently advertised products, regardless of season. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were the largest advertisers on the network, contributing 10.9% and 6.5% of total advertisements respectively. There was no difference in the mean number of food and beverage advertisements by area SES, but the proportion of advertising that was for discretionary foods was highest in low SES areas (41.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that, irrespective of season, food and beverage advertisements across the Sydney metropolitan train network are overwhelmingly for unhealthy (discretionary) products. The results of this study highlight the inadequacy of Australia’s voluntary Self-Regulatory System in protecting members of the public from exposure to unhealthy food advertising. Regulatory action by government, such as placing a cap on the amount of unhealthy food advertisements, or requiring a proportion of all advertising to be for the promotion of healthy foods, is required to address this issue.

  • an audit of food and beverage advertising on the sydney metropolitan train network regulation and policy implications
    BMC Public Health, 2017
    Co-Authors: Emma Sainsbury, Stephen Colagiuri, Roger Magnusson
    Abstract:

    Increased marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods has been identified as a driver of the global obesity epidemic and a priority area for preventative efforts. Local and international research has focused on the unhealthiness of television advertising, with limited research into the growing outdoor advertising industry. This study aimed to examine the extent of food and beverage advertising on the Sydney metropolitan train network, and to assess the nutritional quality of advertised products against the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. All 178 train stations on the Sydney metropolitan train network were surveyed in summer and winter. A survey tool was developed to collect information for all advertisements on and immediately surrounding the train station. Information included product, brand, location and advertisement format. Advertisements were coded by nutrition category, product subcategory and size. Chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests were conducted to test for differences in the amount of food and beverage advertising by season and area socioeconomic status (SES). Of 6931 advertisements identified, 1915 (27.6%) were promoting a food or beverage. The majority of food and beverage advertisements were for unhealthy products; 84.3% were classified as discretionary, 8.0% core and 7.6% miscellaneous. Snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently advertised products, regardless of season. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were the largest advertisers on the network, contributing 10.9% and 6.5% of total advertisements respectively. There was no difference in the mean number of food and beverage advertisements by area SES, but the proportion of advertising that was for discretionary foods was highest in low SES areas (41.9%, p < 0.001). The results indicate that, irrespective of season, food and beverage advertisements across the Sydney metropolitan train network are overwhelmingly for unhealthy (discretionary) products. The results of this study highlight the inadequacy of Australia’s voluntary Self-Regulatory System in protecting members of the public from exposure to unhealthy food advertising. Regulatory action by government, such as placing a cap on the amount of unhealthy food advertisements, or requiring a proportion of all advertising to be for the promotion of healthy foods, is required to address this issue.

Achim Haecker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the stem cell population of arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the clavata and wuschel genes
    Cell, 2000
    Co-Authors: Heiko Schoof, Achim Haecker, Klaus F X Mayer, Gerd Jurgens, Thomas Laux
    Abstract:

    The higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic structure whose maintenance depends on the coordination of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the CLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initiation. Our analysis of the interactions between these key regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expression is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data suggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a Self-Regulatory System in which WUS/CLV interactions establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and the underlying organizing center.

  • the stem cell population of arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the clavata and wuschel genes
    Cell, 2000
    Co-Authors: Heiko Schoof, Michael Lenhard, Achim Haecker, Klaus F X Mayer, Gerd Jurgens, Thomas Laux
    Abstract:

    Summary that cells respond to signals from their neighbors. This suggests that maintaining the shoot meristem organizaThe higher-plant shoot meristem is a dynamic struc- tion requires regulation at two levels. First, distinct subture whose maintenance depends on the coordination populations must be delimited and second, different of two antagonistic processes, organ initiation and developmental programs must be specified within these self-renewal of the stem cell population. In Arabidopsis subpopulations. Recently, several key genes involved shoot and floral meristems, the WUSCHEL (WUS) in this regulation have been identified. gene is required for stem cell identity, whereas the The homeobox gene WUSCHEL is required for speciCLAVATA1, 2, and 3 (CLV) genes promote organ initia- fying stem cell identity. Mutations in WUS result in the tion. Our analysis of the interactions between these misspecification of stem cells and premature terminakey regulators indicates that (1) the CLV genes repress tion of shoot and floral meristems after a few organs WUS at the transcript level and that (2) WUS expres- have been formed (Laux et al., 1996). WUS expression sion is sufficient to induce meristem cell identity and is initiated at the 16-cell embryo stage, long before a the expression of the stem cell marker CLV3. Our data shoot meristem is evident, and gradually becomes resuggest that the shoot meristem has properties of a stricted to the center of the developing shoot meristem Self-Regulatory System in which WUS/CLV interactions primordium by several asymmetric cell divisions (Mayer establish a feedback loop between the stem cells and et al., 1998). In the active shoot meristem, WUS is ex