The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anthony Keane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Therapist Mindfulness Practice on Psychotherapeutic Work: A Mixed-Methods Study
Mindfulness, 2014Co-Authors: Anthony KeaneAbstract:An increasing number of psychotherapists across therapeutic modalities are practising meditation. This two-phase study examined the influence of personal mindfulness meditation practice on psychotherapists and their work. In phase 1 of the study, 40 psychotherapists from a variety of theoretical backgrounds completed a postal survey. The survey included self-report measures of mindfulness and empathic capacity as well as open-ended questions on the influence of mindfulness practice on participants and their work. In phase 2, follow-up face-to-face interviews were conducted with a subsample of 12 participants. These interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Significant associations were found between meditation experience and Self-Reported mindfulness, and between levels of mindfulness and Self-Reported Empathy. Specific themes were identified in therapists’ qualitative responses regarding the influence of mindfulness practice on their work. These included enhanced attention and self-awareness, and improved ability to be present and to attune to clients. Mindfulness practice helped internalise attitudes and qualities that have a positive influence on therapeutic work. It increased awareness of self-care needs and provided support in meeting them, and influenced perspectives on psychotherapy. Mindfulness practice also presented challenges for participants. The findings suggest that personal mindfulness practice can enhance key therapist abilities (e.g. attention) and qualities (e.g. Empathy) that have a positive influence on therapeutic relating. Mindfulness practice could provide a useful adjunct to psychotherapy training and be an important resource in the continuing professional development of therapists across modalities.
Klaus R. Scherer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The nomological network of emotion recognition ability: evidence from the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: Katja Schlegel, Johnny R.j. Fontaine, Klaus R. SchererAbstract:Abstract. The ability to recognize other people’s emotions from their face, voice, and body (emotion recognition ability, ERA) is crucial to successful functioning in private and professional life. The Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT; Schlegel, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2014) is a new instrument to measure ERA in a more ecologically valid way than previous tests. In this article, we report the results of five studies examining the test’s construct validity with a total N of 1,284. We found that the GERT was highly positively correlated with other performance-based tests measuring ERA and emotional intelligence (EI), as well as with cognitive intelligence. GERT scores were also related to higher Self-Reported Empathy, openness, and neuroticism, and to better social adjustment. Furthermore, higher GERT scores were related to lower anxiety, anger expressivity, and alexithymia. In line with previous findings, women scored higher than men and GERT performance declined with increasing age. Taken together, the...
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The Nomological Network of Emotion Recognition Ability
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: Katja Schlegel, Johnny R.j. Fontaine, Klaus R. SchererAbstract:Abstract. The ability to recognize other people’s emotions from their face, voice, and body (emotion recognition ability, ERA) is crucial to successful functioning in private and professional life. The Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT; Schlegel, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2014) is a new instrument to measure ERA in a more ecologically valid way than previous tests. In this article, we report the results of five studies examining the test’s construct validity with a total N of 1,284. We found that the GERT was highly positively correlated with other performance-based tests measuring ERA and emotional intelligence (EI), as well as with cognitive intelligence. GERT scores were also related to higher Self-Reported Empathy, openness, and neuroticism, and to better social adjustment. Furthermore, higher GERT scores were related to lower anxiety, anger expressivity, and alexithymia. In line with previous findings, women scored higher than men and GERT performance declined with increasing age. Taken together, the...
William P. Horan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structure and correlates of Self-Reported Empathy in schizophrenia.
Journal of psychiatric research, 2015Co-Authors: William P. Horan, Steven P Reise, Robert S Kern, David L Penn, Michael F. GreenAbstract:Research on Empathy in schizophrenia has relied on dated self-report scales that do not conform to contemporary social neuroscience models of Empathy. The current study evaluated the structure and correlates of the recently-developed Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) in schizophrenia. This measure, whose structure and validity was established in healthy individuals, includes separate scales to assess the two main components of Empathy: Cognitive Empathy (assessed by two subscales) and Affective Empathy (assessed by three subscales). Stable outpatients with schizophrenia (n = 145) and healthy individuals (n = 45) completed the QCAE, alternative measures of Empathy, and assessments of clinical symptoms, neurocognition, and functional outcome. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided consistent support for a two-factor solution in the schizophrenia group, justifying the use of separate cognitive and affective Empathy scales in this population. However, one of the three Affective Empathy subscales was not psychometrically sound and was excluded from further analyses. Patients reported significantly lower Cognitive Empathy but higher Affective Empathy than controls. Among patients, the QCAE scales showed significant correlations with an alternative self-report Empathy scale, but not with performance on an empathic accuracy task. The QCAE Cognitive Empathy subscales also showed significant, though modest, correlations with negative symptoms and functional outcome. These findings indicate that structure of Self-Reported Empathy is similar in people with schizophrenia and healthy subjects, and can be meaningfully compared between groups. They also contribute to emerging evidence that some aspects of Empathy may be intact or hyper-responsive in schizophrenia.
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Self-Reported Empathy and neural activity during action imitation and observation in schizophrenia.
NeuroImage: Clinical, 2014Co-Authors: William P. Horan, Marco Iacoboni, Katy A. Cross, Alex Korb, Poorang Nori, Javier Quintana, Jonathan K. Wynn, Michael F. GreenAbstract:Introduction Although social cognitive impairments are key determinants of functional outcome in schizophrenia their neural bases are poorly understood. This study investigated neural activity during imitation and observation of finger movements and facial expressions in schizophrenia, and their correlates with Self-Reported Empathy.
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Performance-Based Empathy Mediates the Influence of Working Memory on Social Competence in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Matthew J. Smith, William P. Horan, Tatiana M. Karpouzian, Derin Cobia, James L. Reilly, Hans C. BreiterAbstract:Empathic deficits have been linked to poor functioning in schizophrenia, but this work is mostly limited to self-report data. This study examined whether performance-based Empathy measures account for incremental variance in social competence and social attainment above and beyond Self-Reported Empathy, neurocognition, and clinical symptoms. Given the importance of working memory in theoretical models of Empathy and in the prediction of functioning in schizophrenia, we also examined whether Empathy mediates the relationship between working memory and functioning. Sixty outpatients and 45 healthy controls were compared on performance-based measures of 3 key components of empathic responding, including facial affect perception, emotional Empathy (affective responsiveness), and cognitive Empathy (emotional perspective-taking). Participants also completed measures of Self-Reported Empathy, neurocognition, clinical symptoms, and social competence and attainment. Patients demonstrated lower accuracy than controls across the 3 performance-based Empathy measures. Among patients, these measures showed minimal relations to Self-Reported Empathy but significantly correlated with working memory and other neurocognitive functions as well as symptom levels. Furthermore, cognitive Empathy explained significant incremental variance in social competence (∆R (2) = .07, P < .05) and was found to mediate the relation between working memory and social competence. Performance-based measures of Empathy were sensitive to functionally relevant disturbances in schizophrenia. Working memory deficits appear to have an important effect on these disruptions in Empathy. Empathy is emerging as a promising new area for social cognitive research and for novel recovery-oriented treatment development.
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Self-Reported Empathy deficits are uniquely associated with poor functioning in schizophrenia ☆
Schizophrenia Research, 2012Co-Authors: Matthew J. Smith, William P. Horan, Tatiana M. Karpouzian, Samantha V. Abram, Derin Cobia, John G. CsernanskyAbstract:Abstract Background Social cognitive deficits have been proposed to be among the causes of poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. Empathy, or sharing and understanding the unique emotions and experiences of other people, is one of the key elements of social cognition, and prior studies suggest that empathic processes are impaired in schizophrenia. The current study examined whether impairments in Self-Reported Empathy were associated with poor functioning, above and beyond the influences of neurocognitive deficits and psychopathology. Methods Individuals with schizophrenia (n = 46) and healthy controls (n = 37) completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), a measure of emotional and cognitive Empathy. Participants also completed a neuropsychological test battery, clinical ratings of psychopathology, and functional outcome measures assessing both functional capacity and community functioning. After testing for between-group differences, we assessed the relationships between Self-Reported Empathy and the measures of functioning, neurocognition, and psychopathology. Regression analyses examined whether empathic variables predicted functional outcomes. Results Individuals with schizophrenia reported lower IRI scores for perspective-taking and empathic concern, and higher IRI scores for personal distress than controls. Among individuals with schizophrenia, lower perspective-taking, greater disorganized symptoms, and deficits in working memory and episodic memory were correlated with poorer functional capacity and community functioning. Lower scores for perspective-taking explained significant incremental variance in both functional capacity (ΔR 2 = .09, p 2 = .152, p Conclusions Impaired perspective-taking, a component of cognitive Empathy, is associated with poor functioning even after taking into account the influences of neurocognitive deficits and psychopathology. These findings support further efforts to clarify the underlying causes of empathic disturbances and suggest that treatments for these disturbances may help functional recovery in schizophrenia.
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Self-Reported Empathy deficits are uniquely associated with poor functioning in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia research, 2012Co-Authors: Matthew J. Smith, William P. Horan, Tatiana M. Karpouzian, Samantha V. Abram, Derin Cobia, John G. CsernanskyAbstract:Social cognitive deficits have been proposed to be among the causes of poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. Empathy, or sharing and understanding the unique emotions and experiences of other people, is one of the key elements of social cognition, and prior studies suggest that empathic processes are impaired in schizophrenia. The current study examined whether impairments in Self-Reported Empathy were associated with poor functioning, above and beyond the influences of neurocognitive deficits and psychopathology. Individuals with schizophrenia (n=46) and healthy controls (n=37) completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), a measure of emotional and cognitive Empathy. Participants also completed a neuropsychological test battery, clinical ratings of psychopathology, and functional outcome measures assessing both functional capacity and community functioning. After testing for between-group differences, we assessed the relationships between Self-Reported Empathy and the measures of functioning, neurocognition, and psychopathology. Regression analyses examined whether empathic variables predicted functional outcomes. Individuals with schizophrenia reported lower IRI scores for perspective-taking and empathic concern, and higher IRI scores for personal distress than controls. Among individuals with schizophrenia, lower perspective-taking, greater disorganized symptoms, and deficits in working memory and episodic memory were correlated with poorer functional capacity and community functioning. Lower scores for perspective-taking explained significant incremental variance in both functional capacity (ΔR(2)=.09, p<.05) and community functioning (ΔR(2)=.152, p<.01) after accounting for relevant neurocognitive and psychopathological variables. Impaired perspective-taking, a component of cognitive Empathy, is associated with poor functioning even after taking into account the influences of neurocognitive deficits and psychopathology. These findings support further efforts to clarify the underlying causes of empathic disturbances and suggest that treatments for these disturbances may help functional recovery in schizophrenia. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Brett Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Student Empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study
Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 2015Co-Authors: Brett Williams, Ted Brown, Lisa Mckenna, Claire Palermo, Debra Nestel, Richard Brightwell, Prue Morgan, Susan Gilbert-hunt, Karen Stagnitti, Alexander OlaussenAbstract:Background Empathy is a difficult characteristic to define, teach and assess; the ‘nebulous’ properties of empathic behaviour often means that educators fail to incorporate the explicit teaching and assessment of Empathy within the curriculum. One solution suggested is that teaching Empathy in an interprofessional education setting is an effective educational approach in developing empathic behaviours. Method Student participants from Monash University, Deakin University, University of South Australia, and Edith Cowan University completed a self-reporting survey package pre and post two-hour Empathy workshop consisting of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Health Profession – Student version (JSE-HP-S) . Results A total of 293 students from 12 different medical and health care professions participated in the Empathy workshops. The majority of participants were from Monash University n = 230 (78 %), the nursing profession n = 59 (20 %), < 26 years of age n = 215 (73 %) and enrolled in first year studies n = 123 (42 %). Using a paired t -test repeated measure Self-Reported Empathy levels improved at p
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Student Empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study
Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 2015Co-Authors: Brett Williams, Ted Brown, Lisa Mckenna, Claire Palermo, Debra Nestel, Richard Brightwell, Prue Morgan, Susan Gilbert-hunt, Karen Stagnitti, Alexander OlaussenAbstract:Empathy is a difficult characteristic to define, teach and assess; the ‘nebulous’ properties of empathic behaviour often means that educators fail to incorporate the explicit teaching and assessment of Empathy within the curriculum. One solution suggested is that teaching Empathy in an interprofessional education setting is an effective educational approach in developing empathic behaviours. Student participants from Monash University, Deakin University, University of South Australia, and Edith Cowan University completed a self-reporting survey package pre and post two-hour Empathy workshop consisting of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Health Profession – Student version (JSE-HP-S). A total of 293 students from 12 different medical and health care professions participated in the Empathy workshops. The majority of participants were from Monash University n = 230 (78 %), the nursing profession n = 59 (20 %), < 26 years of age n = 215 (73 %) and enrolled in first year studies n = 123 (42 %). Using a paired t-test repeated measure Self-Reported Empathy levels improved at p
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Malaysian Medical Students' Self-Reported Empathy: A cross-sectional Comparative Study.
The Medical journal of Malaysia, 2015Co-Authors: Brett Williams, Sivalal Sadasivan, Amudha KadirveluAbstract:OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare Empathy levels between first year and second year medical students at a Malaysian University. SETTING: A Malaysian University offering undergraduate medicine. PARTICIPANTS: 204 undergraduate medical students were included in the data analysis (122 first years, and 102 second years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-Reported Empathy scores using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (Student Version) JSPE-S. RESULTS: The mean Empathy score for first year students was 112.1(SD=10.7). This was significantly higher (p
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Empathy levels among first year Malaysian medical students: an observational study.
Advances in medical education and practice, 2014Co-Authors: Brett Williams, Sivalal Sadasivan, Amudha Kadirvelu, Alexander OlaussenAbstract:Background: The literature indicates that medical practitioners experience declining Empathy levels in clinical practice. This highlights the need to educate medical students about Empathy as an attribute early in the academic curriculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate year one students’ Self-Reported Empathy levels following a 2-hour Empathy workshop at a large medical school in Malaysia. Methods: Changes in Empathy scores were examined using a paired repeated-measures t-test in this prospective before and after study. Results: Analyzing the matched data, there was a statistically significant difference and moderate effect size between mean Empathy scores before and 5 weeks after the workshop (112.08±10.67 versus 117.93±13.13, P,0.0001, d=0.48) using the Jefferson Scale Physician Empathy (Student Version). Conclusion: The results of this observational study indicate improved mean Self-Reported Empathy scores following an Empathy workshop.
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Empathy levels among health professional students: a cross-sectional study at two universities in Australia
Advances in medical education and practice, 2014Co-Authors: Brett Williams, Ted Brown, Lisa Mckenna, Malcolm Boyle, Claire Palermo, Debra Nestel, Richard Brightwell, Louise Mccall, Verity RussoAbstract:Background Empathy is paramount in the health care setting, optimizing communication and rapport with patients. Recent empirical evidence suggests that Empathy is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, given the importance of Empathy in the health care setting, gaining a better understanding of students’ attitudes and Self-Reported Empathy is important. The objective of this study was to examine Self-Reported Empathy levels of students enrolled in different health disciplines from two large Australian universities.
Yasuhiro Torii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relationship of trainee dentists’ Self-Reported Empathy and communication behaviors with simulated patients’ assessment in medical interviews
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Sho Watanabe, Toshiko Yoshida, Takayuki Kono, Hiroaki Taketa, Noriko Shiotsu, Hajime Shirai, Yasuhiro ToriiAbstract:Objectives We aimed to clarify the communication behaviors between trainee dentists and simulated patients (SPs), to examine how the level of trainee dentists’ Self-Reported Empathy influences assessment by SPs in medical interviews. Materials and methods The study involved 100 trainee dentists at Okayama University Hospital and eight SPs. The trainee dentists conducted initial interviews with the SPs after completing the Japanese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE). All interviews were recorded and analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). The SPs assessed the trainees’ communication immediately after each interview. The trainee dentists were classified into two groups (more positive and less positive) according to SP assessment scores. Results Compared with less-positive trainees, the more-positive trainees scored higher in the RIAS category of emotional expression and lower in the medical data gathering category. There was no difference in dental data gathering between the two groups. SP ratings for more-positive trainees were higher for use of positive talk and emotional expression and lower for giving medical information and dental information. Trainees with more positive ratings from SPs had significantly higher JSE total scores. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that responding to the emotions of patients is an important behavior in dentist-patient communication, according to SPs’ positive assessment in medical interviews. Further, SPs’ assessment of trainees’ communication was related to trainees’ Self-Reported Empathy, which indicates that an empathic attitude among dentists is a significant determinant of patient satisfaction.
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Relationships of trainee dentists’ Empathy and communication characteristics with simulated patients’ assessment in medical interviews
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Sho Watanabe, Toshiko Yoshida, Takayuki Kono, Hiroaki Taketa, Noriko Shiotsu, Hajime Shirai, Yasuhiro ToriiAbstract:Objectives We aimed to clarify the characteristics of communication between trainee dentists and simulated patients (SPs) and to examine how the level of trainee dentists’ Self-Reported Empathy influences assessment by SPs in medical interviews. Materials and methods The study involved 100 trainee dentists at Okayama University Hospital and eight SPs. The trainee dentists conducted initial interviews with the SPs after completing the Japanese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Their interviews were recorded and analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System. The SPs assessed the trainees’ communication immediately after each interview. The trainee dentists were classified into two groups (more positive and less positive groups) according to SP assessment scores. Results Compared with the less positive trainees, the more positive trainees scored higher on the [Emotional expression] and lower on the [Medical data gathering] Roter Interaction Analysis System categories. There was no difference in [Dental data gathering] between the two groups. The SPs of more positive trainees had higher rates of [Positive talk] and [Emotional expression] and lower rates of [Medical information giving] and [Dental information giving]. The trainees with more positive ratings from SPs had significantly higher Jefferson Scale of Empathy total scores. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that responding to the SPs’ emotions is a relevant characteristic of dentist–SP communication to SPs’ positive assessment in medical interviews. Further, trainees’ Self-Reported Empathy was related with the SPs’ assessment of trainees’ communication, which indicated that patient satisfaction can be improved by increasing the dentist’s Empathy. Thus, an empathic attitude among dentists is a significant determinant of patient satisfaction.