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Bernard S. Gorman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites? Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style:
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:This article examines moral hypocrisy and the Self-Serving Bias (SSB) in the sexual infidelity context. We found evidence of Self-Serving attributions that occur between primary relationship partners following sexual betrayals. Specifically, we found that sexual infidelity perpetrators (a) blamed their primary dyadic partners (i.e., victims) for infidelities significantly more than those victims blamed themselves for such infidelities, (b) blamed the surrounding circumstances for infidelities significantly more than their victims did, and (c) rated the emotional impact of infidelities on their victims as significantly less than victims' ratings of such impact. Moreover, we found that participants with prior experience as both sexual infidelity perpetrators and victims displayed "sexual hypocrisy" by judging others more harshly than themselves for sexually unfaithful behavior. Our findings demonstrate that personality variables associated with sexual infidelity (narcissism, sexual narcissism, avoidant attachment, and primary psychopathy) are also relevant to Self-Serving attributions in the sexual infidelity context.
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Warach_OnlineAppendix – Supplemental material for Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites?: Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:Supplemental material, Warach_OnlineAppendix for Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites?: Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style by Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs and Bernard S. Gorman in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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pathways to infidelity the roles of Self Serving Bias and betrayal trauma
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the interrelationships between the Self-Serving Bias and various known predictors of sexual infidelity. Specifically, we sought to generate a path model depicting how the following variables jointly predict sexual infidelity perpetration: (1) insecure attachment, (2) pathological narcissism, (3) sexual narcissism, (4) primary psychopathy, (5) Self-Serving attributions for retaliatory infidelity, and (6) sexual betrayal victimization. We developed a structural model describing various pathways to sexual infidelity perpetration based on these six variables. Three pathways to infidelity were discovered. In the first pathway, anxious and avoidant attachment predicted primary psychopathy, and Self-justification for retaliatory infidelity mediated the relationship between primary psychopathy and infidelity perpetration. In the second pathway, anxious attachment predicted sexual narcissism, which predicted Self-justification for...
Xiuyan Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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actor or recipient role matters neural correlates of Self Serving Bias
Brain and behavior, 2021Co-Authors: Xiaoyan Wang, Li Zheng, Peng Sun, Xiuyan GuoAbstract:Introduction When involved in interpersonal events, people often play the role of an initiative actor (e.g., "I hit Tom") or a passive recipient (e.g., "Paul hit me"). Numerous studies have documented that people manifest a Self-Serving Bias (SSB), that is, they tend to attribute positive interpersonal events to themselves and negative events to other external factors. Recent studies have identified the neural regions associated with the SSB; yet little is known about the neural mechanism of its modulation by the actor or recipient role. Methods In this study, participants were scanned while they attributed the positive or negative events in which the Self played the actor or recipient role. Results The results showed that people manifested more SSB than non-SSB (NONSSB) attributions and spent less time on making the former. Importantly, more SSB attributions and shorter reaction times were found in the actor than in the recipient condition. Greater activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was observed in responding to NONSSB than SSB attributions only in the actor condition. Furthermore, the greater the difference in dmPFC activity in responding to NONSSB and SSB attributions, the smaller the difference in corresponding attribution response. Conclusion The results suggest that people prefer making heuristic SSB attributions, and more cognitive resources are needed when they make NONSSB attributions. The activity of the dmPFC may be associated with inhibiting the heuristic SSB, especially when they play the actor role at interpersonal events.
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Attenuated Self-Serving Bias in people with internet gaming disorder is related to altered neural activity in subcortical-cortical midline structures.
BMC psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Yifan Wang, Li Zheng, Chenggong Wang, Xiuyan GuoAbstract:To protect and maintain the positivity of Self-concept, normal people usually show a Self-Serving Bias (internal attribution of positive events and external attribution of negative events) by the motives of Self-enhancement and Self-protection. Additionally, Self-Serving assessments predominantly activate the subcortical-cortical midline structures (CMS) in healthy individuals. However, little is known about Self-Serving Bias and its underlying neural correlates among individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Twenty-four participants with IGD and 25 recreational Internet gaming users (RGUs) were scanned while attributing the causes of positive/negative Self- and other-related events that could occur in both the game-world and real-world contexts. Region-of-interest (within CMS regions) and parametric analysis were performed to investigate the neural correlates of Self-Serving Bias in IGD. Behaviorally, the IGD participants attributed more negative and fewer positive events to themselves than RGU participants in both contexts. Neurally, during the attributions of negative events, the IGD participants exhibited increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in both contexts compared with RGU participants. Higher vmPFC activation was associated with weaker Self-protective motivation in the IGD group. Meanwhile, during the attributions of positive events, the IGD participants exhibited decreased precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activation in the real world compared with RGU participants. Parametric analysis showed a reduced positive correlation between precuneus activation and Self-attribution ratings of positive events in the real world in the IGD group relative to the RGU group. These results suggest that individuals with IGD show an attenuated Self-Serving Bias and altered brain activity within CMS regions involved in Self-attribution, providing evidence for the negative Self-concept and weakened abilities in both Self-enhancement and Self-protection in IGD.
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Attenuated Self-Serving Bias in People with Internet Gaming Disorder is Related to Altered Neural Activity in Subcortical-Cortical Midline Structures
2020Co-Authors: Yifan Wang, Li Zheng, Chenggong Wang, Xiuyan GuoAbstract:Abstract Background: To protect and maintain the positivity of Self-concept, normal people usually show a Self-Serving Bias (internal attribution of positive events and external attribution of negative events) by the motives of Self-enhancement and Self-protection. Additionally, Self-Serving assessments predominantly activate the subcortical-cortical midline structures (CMS) in healthy individuals. However, little is known about Self-Serving Bias and its underlying neural correlates among individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Methods: Twenty-four participants with IGD and 25 recreational Internet gaming users (RGUs) were scanned while attributing the causes of positive/negative Self- and other-related events that could occur in both the game-world and real-world contexts. Region-of-interest (within CMS regions) and parametric analysis were performed to investigate the neural correlates of Self-Serving Bias in IGD. Results: Behaviorally, the IGD participants attributed more negative and fewer positive events to themselves than RGU participants in both contexts. Neurally, during the attributions of negative events, the IGD participants exhibited increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in both contexts compared with RGU participants. Higher vmPFC activation was associated with weaker Self-protective motivation in the IGD group. Meanwhile, during the attributions of positive events, the IGD participants exhibited decreased precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activation in the real world compared with RGU participants. Parametric analysis showed a reduced positive correlation between precuneus activation and Self-attribution ratings of positive events in the real world in the IGD group relative to the RGU group. Conclusion: These results suggest that individuals with IGD show an attenuated Self-Serving Bias and altered brain activity within CMS regions involved in Self-attribution, providing evidence for the negative Self-concept and weakened abilities in both Self-enhancement and Self-protection in IGD.
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Attenuated Self-Serving Bias in People with Internet Gaming Disorder is Related to Altered Neural Activity in Subcortical-Cortical Midline Structures
2020Co-Authors: Yifan Wang, Li Zheng, Chenggong Wang, Xiuyan GuoAbstract:Abstract Background To protect and maintain the positivity of Self-concept, normal people usually show a Self-Serving Bias (internal attribution of positive events and external attribution of negative events) by the motives of Self-enhancement and Self-protection. And Self-Serving assessments predominantly activate the subcortical-cortical midline structures (CMS) in healthy individuals. However, little is known about the Self-Serving Bias and its underlying neural correlates among people with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Methods Twenty-four IGD and 25 recreational internet gaming users (RGU) were scanned while attributing causes of positive/negative Self- and other-related events that could happen in both game world and real world contexts. Regions of interest (within CMS) analysis and parametric analysis were performed to investigate the neural correlates of Self-Serving Bias in IGD. Results Behaviorally, the IGD participants attributed more negative and less positive events to themselves than RGU in both contexts. Neurally, during attributions of negative events, the IGD participants exhibited increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in both contexts compared to RGU. Higher vmPFC activation was associated with weaker Self-protective motivation in IGD group. Meanwhile, during attributions of positive events, the IGD participants exhibited decreased precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activation in real world compared to RGU. Parametric analysis showed reduced positive correlation between precuneus activation and Self-attribution ratings of positive events in real world in IGD group relative to RGU group. Conclusion These results suggest that the IGD individuals show an attenuated Self-Serving Bias and altered activations within CMS regions involved in Self-attribution, providing evidence for the negative Self-concept and weakened abilities in both Self-enhancement and Self-protection in IGD.
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Immune to Situation: The Self-Serving Bias in Unambiguous Contexts.
Frontiers in psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaoyan Wang, Li Zheng, Yijie Zheng, Peng Sun, Fanzhi A. Zhou, Xiuyan GuoAbstract:Traditionally the Self-Serving Bias was investigated in ambiguous context where participants worked on tasks measuring novel abilities before made attributions without clear criteria for success or failure feedbacks. Studies have confirmed that the Self-Serving Bias is pervasive in the general population but demonstrates significant variability across situation in ambiguous context. The present study introduced an unambiguous context constituted by implicit causality interpersonal events (Self played as an actor or recipient), whose inherent logic suggests attribution criteria. Our goal was to explore whether there was the Self-Serving Bias in unambiguous context and examine whether the Self-Serving Bias was sensitive to situation similarly in ambiguous context. Results showed that participants manifested the Self-Serving Bias in attribution for negative interpersonal events in unambiguous context. The Self-Serving Bias was greater in actor condition relative to recipient (study 1). This effect was not affected by the level of Self-awareness which was manipulated by using camera or not during the experiment (study 2). Our findings provided evidence for the existence of the Self-Serving Bias in unambiguous context. The Self-Serving Bias was immune to situation in unambiguous context, but rather it depended upon factors associated with the events per se, such as the actor versus recipient role Self played in interpersonal events.
Benjamin Warach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites? Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style:
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:This article examines moral hypocrisy and the Self-Serving Bias (SSB) in the sexual infidelity context. We found evidence of Self-Serving attributions that occur between primary relationship partners following sexual betrayals. Specifically, we found that sexual infidelity perpetrators (a) blamed their primary dyadic partners (i.e., victims) for infidelities significantly more than those victims blamed themselves for such infidelities, (b) blamed the surrounding circumstances for infidelities significantly more than their victims did, and (c) rated the emotional impact of infidelities on their victims as significantly less than victims' ratings of such impact. Moreover, we found that participants with prior experience as both sexual infidelity perpetrators and victims displayed "sexual hypocrisy" by judging others more harshly than themselves for sexually unfaithful behavior. Our findings demonstrate that personality variables associated with sexual infidelity (narcissism, sexual narcissism, avoidant attachment, and primary psychopathy) are also relevant to Self-Serving attributions in the sexual infidelity context.
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Warach_OnlineAppendix – Supplemental material for Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites?: Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:Supplemental material, Warach_OnlineAppendix for Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites?: Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style by Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs and Bernard S. Gorman in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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pathways to infidelity the roles of Self Serving Bias and betrayal trauma
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the interrelationships between the Self-Serving Bias and various known predictors of sexual infidelity. Specifically, we sought to generate a path model depicting how the following variables jointly predict sexual infidelity perpetration: (1) insecure attachment, (2) pathological narcissism, (3) sexual narcissism, (4) primary psychopathy, (5) Self-Serving attributions for retaliatory infidelity, and (6) sexual betrayal victimization. We developed a structural model describing various pathways to sexual infidelity perpetration based on these six variables. Three pathways to infidelity were discovered. In the first pathway, anxious and avoidant attachment predicted primary psychopathy, and Self-justification for retaliatory infidelity mediated the relationship between primary psychopathy and infidelity perpetration. In the second pathway, anxious attachment predicted sexual narcissism, which predicted Self-justification for...
Christian Thöni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DeBiasing preferences over redistribution: an experiment
Social Choice and Welfare, 2020Co-Authors: Romain Espinosa, Bruno Deffains, Christian ThöniAbstract:We study the manipulation of preferences over redistribution. Previous work showed that preferences over redistribution are malleable by the experience of success or failure in a preceding real-effort task. We manipulate the information subjects receive about the importance of chance relative to effort in determining success. We investigate the effect of this manipulation on (1) subjects’ redistribution choices affecting third parties, and (2) preferences for redistributive taxation. Our results show that informing the subjects about the relative importance of chance after the real-effort task does not mitigate the Self-Serving Bias in redistribution choices. Only providing full information before the real-effort task prevents the emergence of the Self-Serving Bias.
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Political Self-Serving Bias and redistribution
Journal of Public Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Bruno Deffains, Romain Espinosa, Christian ThöniAbstract:We explore the impact of the Self-Serving Bias on the supply and demand for redistribution. We present results from an experiment in which participants decide on redistribution after performing a real effort task. Dependent on individual performance, participants are divided into two groups, successful and unsuccessful. Participants' success is exogenously determined, because they are randomly assigned to either a hard or easy task. However, because participants are not told which task they were assigned to, there is ambiguity as to whether success or failure should be attributed to internal or external factors. Participants take two redistribution decisions. First, they choose a supply of redistribution in a situation where no personal interests are at stake. Second, they choose a redistributive system behind a veil of ignorance. Our results confirm and expand previous findings on the Self-Serving Bias: successful participants are more likely to attribute their success to their effort rather than luck, and they opt for less redistribution. Unsuccessful participants tend to attribute their failure to external factors and opt for more redistribution. We demonstrate that the Self-Serving Bias contributes to a polarization of the views on redistribution.
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Political Self-Serving Bias and Redistribution.
2015Co-Authors: Romain Espinosa, Bruno Deffains, Christian ThöniAbstract:In this article, we explore the impact of Self-Serving Biases on the demand for redis- tribution. To do so, we run an experiment in which participants vote on redistribution after having earned income in a real effort task. Participants are randomly assigned to either a hard or easy task. However, because we withhold the information about the relative task difficulty there is ambiguity as to whether success or failure should be at- tributed to internal or external factor. Our results confirm and expand previous findings on the Self-Serving Bias: successful participants ask for less redistribution because they are more likely to attribute their success to their effort rather than luck. The innovative contribution of our work consists in mimicking political debates, in which participants have very limited information on the exogenous factors at stake. In this regard, our findings show that the impact of the Self-Serving Bias is much more far-reaching than what is commonly hold. We also discuss the implications of the Self-Serving Bias for the institutional framework.
Lawrence Josephs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites? Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style:
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:This article examines moral hypocrisy and the Self-Serving Bias (SSB) in the sexual infidelity context. We found evidence of Self-Serving attributions that occur between primary relationship partners following sexual betrayals. Specifically, we found that sexual infidelity perpetrators (a) blamed their primary dyadic partners (i.e., victims) for infidelities significantly more than those victims blamed themselves for such infidelities, (b) blamed the surrounding circumstances for infidelities significantly more than their victims did, and (c) rated the emotional impact of infidelities on their victims as significantly less than victims' ratings of such impact. Moreover, we found that participants with prior experience as both sexual infidelity perpetrators and victims displayed "sexual hypocrisy" by judging others more harshly than themselves for sexually unfaithful behavior. Our findings demonstrate that personality variables associated with sexual infidelity (narcissism, sexual narcissism, avoidant attachment, and primary psychopathy) are also relevant to Self-Serving attributions in the sexual infidelity context.
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Warach_OnlineAppendix – Supplemental material for Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites?: Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:Supplemental material, Warach_OnlineAppendix for Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites?: Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style by Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs and Bernard S. Gorman in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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pathways to infidelity the roles of Self Serving Bias and betrayal trauma
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin Warach, Lawrence Josephs, Bernard S. GormanAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the interrelationships between the Self-Serving Bias and various known predictors of sexual infidelity. Specifically, we sought to generate a path model depicting how the following variables jointly predict sexual infidelity perpetration: (1) insecure attachment, (2) pathological narcissism, (3) sexual narcissism, (4) primary psychopathy, (5) Self-Serving attributions for retaliatory infidelity, and (6) sexual betrayal victimization. We developed a structural model describing various pathways to sexual infidelity perpetration based on these six variables. Three pathways to infidelity were discovered. In the first pathway, anxious and avoidant attachment predicted primary psychopathy, and Self-justification for retaliatory infidelity mediated the relationship between primary psychopathy and infidelity perpetration. In the second pathway, anxious attachment predicted sexual narcissism, which predicted Self-justification for...