The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott C. Goodwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemotherapy-related complications in the kidneys and collecting system: an imaging perspective
Insights into Imaging, 2015Co-Authors: Jemianne Bautista Jia, Chandana Lall, Temel Tirkes, Rajesh Gulati, Ramit Lamba, Scott C. GoodwinAbstract:Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. The agents most commonly associated with chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity are methotrexate, Semustine, streptozocin, mithramycin, and cisplatin. Certain chemotherapeutic agents have adverse effects on the kidneys and urothelium that can be visualized radiographically, including cystic change, interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis, urothelial changes, haemorrhagic cystitis, acute tubular necrosis, and infarction. This review focuses on imaging features identifying complications of chemotherapy in the kidneys and collecting system and provides didactic cases to alert referring clinicians. Teaching Points • Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents . • Chemotherapies have adverse renal and urothelial effects that can be visualized radiographically . • Crizotinib use can result in the development of complex renal cysts .
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Chemotherapy-related complications in the kidneys and collecting system: an imaging perspective.
Insights into imaging, 2015Co-Authors: Jemianne Bautista Jia, Chandana Lall, Temel Tirkes, Rajesh Gulati, Ramit Lamba, Scott C. GoodwinAbstract:Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. The agents most commonly associated with chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity are methotrexate, Semustine, streptozocin, mithramycin, and cisplatin. Certain chemotherapeutic agents have adverse effects on the kidneys and urothelium that can be visualized radiographically, including cystic change, interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis, urothelial changes, haemorrhagic cystitis, acute tubular necrosis, and infarction. This review focuses on imaging features identifying complications of chemotherapy in the kidneys and collecting system and provides didactic cases to alert referring clinicians. • Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. • Chemotherapies have adverse renal and urothelial effects that can be visualized radiographically. • Crizotinib use can result in the development of complex renal cysts.
Ranjana Mehrotra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular modeling and spectroscopic studies of Semustine binding with DNA and its comparison with lomustine-DNA adduct formation.
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics, 2014Co-Authors: Shweta Agarwal, Deepti Chadha, Ranjana MehrotraAbstract:Chloroethyl nitrosoureas constitute an important family of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, used in the treatment of various types of cancer. They exert antitumor activity by inducing DNA interstrand cross-links. Semustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea, is a 4-methyl derivative of lomustine. There exist some interesting reports dealing with DNA-binding properties of chloroethyl nitrosoureas; however, underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by Semustine has not been precisely and completely delineated. The present work focuses on understanding Semustine–DNA interaction to comprehend its anti-proliferative action at molecular level using various spectroscopic techniques. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is used to determine the binding site of Semustine on DNA. Conformational transition in DNA after Semustine complexation is investigated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Stability of Semustine–DNA complexes is determined using absorption spectroscopy. ...
Leonard L Gunderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of T and N Stage and Treatment on Survival and Relapse in Adjuvant Rectal Cancer A Pooled Analysis
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2004Co-Authors: Leonard L Gunderson, Michael J. O'connell, Norman Wolmark, Mirsada Begovic, Linda H. Colangelo, Daniel J. Sargent, Joel E. Tepper, Cristine Allmer, S. R. Smalley, Daniel G HallerAbstract:Purpose To determine survival and relapse rates by T and N stage and treatment method in five randomized phase III North American rectal adjuvant studies. Patients and Methods Data were pooled from 3,791 eligible patients enrolled onto North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) 79-47-51, NCCTG 86-47-51, US Gastrointestinal Intergroup 0114, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) R01, and NSABP R02. Surgery alone (S) was the treatment arm in 179 patients. The remaining patients received adjuvant treatment as follows: irradiation (RT) alone (n = 281), RT + fluorouracil (FU) ± Semustine bolus chemotherapy (CT; n = 779), RT + protracted venous infusion CT (n = 325), RT + FU ± leucovorin or levamisole bolus CT (n = 1,695), or CT alone (n = 532). Five-year follow-up was available in 94% of surviving patients, and 8-year follow-up, in 62%. Results Overall (OS) and disease-free survival were dependent on TN stage, NT stage, and treatment method. Even among N2 patients, T substage influenced ...
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improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Michael J Oconnell, James A Martenson, H S Wieand, James E Krook, John S Macdonald, Daniel G Haller, Robert J Mayer, Leonard L Gunderson, Tyvin A RichAbstract:BACKGROUND: The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus Semustine after surgery has been established as an effective approach to decreasing the risk of tumor relapse and improving survival in patients with rectal cancer who are at high risk for relapse or death. We sought to determine whether the efficacy of chemotherapy could be improved by administering fluorouracil by protracted infusion throughout the duration of radiation therapy and whether the omission of Semustine would reduce the toxicity and delayed complications of chemotherapy without decreasing its antitumor efficacy. METHODS: Six hundred sixty patients with TNM stage II or III rectal cancer received intermittent bolus injections or protracted venous infusions of fluorouracil during postoperative radiation to the pelvis. They also received systemic chemotherapy with Semustine plus fluorouracil or with fluorouracil alone in a higher dose, administered before and after the pelvic irradiation. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 46 months among surviving patients, patients who received a protracted infusion of fluorouracil had a significantly increased time to relapse (P = 0.01) and improved survival (P = 0.005). There was no evidence of a beneficial effect in the patients who received Semustine plus fluorouracil. CONCLUSIONS: A protracted infusion of fluorouracil during pelvic irradiation improved the effect of combined-treatment postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk rectal cancer. Semustine plus fluorouracil was not more effective than a higher dose of systemic fluorouracil given alone.
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improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Michael J Oconnell, James A Martenson, H S Wieand, James E Krook, John S Macdonald, Daniel G Haller, Robert J Mayer, Leonard L Gunderson, Tyvin A RichAbstract:Background The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus Semustine after surgery has been established as an effective approach to decreasing the risk of tumor relapse and improving survival in patients with rectal cancer who are at high risk for relapse or death. We sought to determine whether the efficacy of chemotherapy could be improved by administering fluorouracil by protracted infusion throughout the duration of radiation therapy and whether the omission of Semustine would reduce the toxicity and delayed complications of chemotherapy without decreasing its antitumor efficacy. Methods Six hundred sixty patients with TNM stage II or III rectal cancer received intermittent bolus injections or protracted venous infusions of fluorouracil during postoperative radiation to the pelvis. They also received systemic chemotherapy with Semustine plus fluorouracil or with fluorouracil alone in a higher dose, both before and after the pelvic irradiation. Results With a median follow-...
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effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high risk rectal carcinoma
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1991Co-Authors: James E Krook, Charles G Moertel, H S Wieand, Leonard L Gunderson, Roger T Collins, Robert W Beart, Theodore P Kubista, M A Poon, William C Meyers, James A MailliardAbstract:Abstract Background Radiation therapy as an adjunct to surgery for rectal cancer has been shown to reduce local recurrence but has not improved survival. In a previous study, combined radiation and chemotherapy improved survival significantly as compared with surgery alone, but not as compared with adjuvant radiation, which many regard as standard therapy. We designed a combination regimen to optimize the contribution of chemotherapy, decrease recurrence, and improve survival as compared with adjuvant radiation alone. Methods Two hundred four patients with rectal carcinoma that was either deeply invasive or metastatic to regional lymph nodes were randomly assigned to postoperative radiation alone (4500 to 5040 cGy) or to radiation plus fluorouracil, which was both preceded and followed by a cycle of systemic therapy with fluorouracil plus Semustine (methyl-CCNU). Results After a median follow-up of more than seven years, the combined therapy had reduced the recurrence of rectal cancer by 34 percent (P = 0...
Bernd Kaina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chloroethylating nitrosoureas in cancer therapy dna damage repair and cell death signaling
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2017Co-Authors: Teodora Nikolova, Wynand P Roos, Oliver H Kramer, Herwig Strik, Bernd KainaAbstract:Chloroethylating nitrosoureas (CNU), such as lomustine, nimustine, Semustine, carmustine and fotemustine are used for the treatment of malignant gliomas, brain metastases of different origin, melanomas and Hodgkin disease. They alkylate the DNA bases and give rise to the formation of monoadducts and subsequently interstrand crosslinks (ICL). ICL are critical cytotoxic DNA lesions that link the DNA strands covalently and block DNA replication and transcription. As a result, S phase progression is inhibited and cells are triggered to undergo apoptosis and necrosis, which both contribute to the effectiveness of CNU-based cancer therapy. However, tumor cells resist chemotherapy through the repair of CNU-induced DNA damage. The suicide enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes the precursor DNA lesion O6-chloroethylguanine prior to its conversion into ICL. In cells lacking MGMT, the formed ICL evoke complex enzymatic networks to accomplish their removal. Here we discuss the mechanism of ICL repair as a survival strategy of healthy and cancer cells and DNA damage signaling as a mechanism contributing to CNU-induced cell death. We also discuss therapeutic implications and strategies based on sequential and simultaneous treatment with CNU and the methylating drug temozolomide.
James E Krook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Michael J Oconnell, James A Martenson, H S Wieand, James E Krook, John S Macdonald, Daniel G Haller, Robert J Mayer, Leonard L Gunderson, Tyvin A RichAbstract:BACKGROUND: The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus Semustine after surgery has been established as an effective approach to decreasing the risk of tumor relapse and improving survival in patients with rectal cancer who are at high risk for relapse or death. We sought to determine whether the efficacy of chemotherapy could be improved by administering fluorouracil by protracted infusion throughout the duration of radiation therapy and whether the omission of Semustine would reduce the toxicity and delayed complications of chemotherapy without decreasing its antitumor efficacy. METHODS: Six hundred sixty patients with TNM stage II or III rectal cancer received intermittent bolus injections or protracted venous infusions of fluorouracil during postoperative radiation to the pelvis. They also received systemic chemotherapy with Semustine plus fluorouracil or with fluorouracil alone in a higher dose, administered before and after the pelvic irradiation. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 46 months among surviving patients, patients who received a protracted infusion of fluorouracil had a significantly increased time to relapse (P = 0.01) and improved survival (P = 0.005). There was no evidence of a beneficial effect in the patients who received Semustine plus fluorouracil. CONCLUSIONS: A protracted infusion of fluorouracil during pelvic irradiation improved the effect of combined-treatment postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk rectal cancer. Semustine plus fluorouracil was not more effective than a higher dose of systemic fluorouracil given alone.
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improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Michael J Oconnell, James A Martenson, H S Wieand, James E Krook, John S Macdonald, Daniel G Haller, Robert J Mayer, Leonard L Gunderson, Tyvin A RichAbstract:Background The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus Semustine after surgery has been established as an effective approach to decreasing the risk of tumor relapse and improving survival in patients with rectal cancer who are at high risk for relapse or death. We sought to determine whether the efficacy of chemotherapy could be improved by administering fluorouracil by protracted infusion throughout the duration of radiation therapy and whether the omission of Semustine would reduce the toxicity and delayed complications of chemotherapy without decreasing its antitumor efficacy. Methods Six hundred sixty patients with TNM stage II or III rectal cancer received intermittent bolus injections or protracted venous infusions of fluorouracil during postoperative radiation to the pelvis. They also received systemic chemotherapy with Semustine plus fluorouracil or with fluorouracil alone in a higher dose, both before and after the pelvic irradiation. Results With a median follow-...
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effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high risk rectal carcinoma
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1991Co-Authors: James E Krook, Charles G Moertel, H S Wieand, Leonard L Gunderson, Roger T Collins, Robert W Beart, Theodore P Kubista, M A Poon, William C Meyers, James A MailliardAbstract:Abstract Background Radiation therapy as an adjunct to surgery for rectal cancer has been shown to reduce local recurrence but has not improved survival. In a previous study, combined radiation and chemotherapy improved survival significantly as compared with surgery alone, but not as compared with adjuvant radiation, which many regard as standard therapy. We designed a combination regimen to optimize the contribution of chemotherapy, decrease recurrence, and improve survival as compared with adjuvant radiation alone. Methods Two hundred four patients with rectal carcinoma that was either deeply invasive or metastatic to regional lymph nodes were randomly assigned to postoperative radiation alone (4500 to 5040 cGy) or to radiation plus fluorouracil, which was both preceded and followed by a cycle of systemic therapy with fluorouracil plus Semustine (methyl-CCNU). Results After a median follow-up of more than seven years, the combined therapy had reduced the recurrence of rectal cancer by 34 percent (P = 0...
