The Experts below are selected from a list of 24 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rex H. Hartson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive, physical, Sensory, and functional Affordances in interaction design
2014Co-Authors: Rex H. HartsonAbstract:…they may indeed look, but not perceive, and may indeed listen, but not understand Mark 4.12 (NRSV) In reaction to Norman’s [1999] essay on misuse of the term Affordance in human-computer interaction literature, this article is a concept paper affirming the importance of this powerful concept, reinforcing Norman’s distinctions of terminology, and expanding on the usefulness of the concepts in terms of their application to interaction design and evaluation. We define and use four complementary types of Affordance in the context of interaction design and evaluation: cognitive Affordance, physical Affordance, Sensory Affordance, and functional Affordance. The terms cognitive Affordance (Norman’s perceived Affordance) and physical Affordance (Norman’s real Affordance) refer to parallel and equally important usability concepts for interaction design, to which Sensory Affordance plays a supporting role. We argue that the concept of physical Affordance carries a mandatory component of utility or purposeful action (functional Affordance). Finally, we provide guidelines to help designers think about how these four kinds of Affordance work together naturally in contextualized HCI design or evaluation
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Cognitive, physical, Sensory, and functional Affordances in interaction design
2003Co-Authors: Rex H. HartsonAbstract:Abstract. In reaction to Norman’s (1999) essay on misuse of the term Affordance in human-computer interaction literature, this article is a concept paper affirming the importance of this powerful concept, reinforcing Norman’s distinctions of terminology, and expanding on the usefulness of the concepts in terms of their application to interaction design and evaluation. We define and use four complementary types of Affordance in the context of interaction design and evaluation: cognitive Affordance, physical Affordance, Sensory Affordance, and functional Affordance. The terms cognitive Affordance (Norman’s perceived Affordance) and physical Affordance (Norman’s real Affordance) refer to parallel and equally important usability concepts for interaction design, to which Sensory Affordance plays a supporting role. We argue that the concept of physical Affordance carries a mandatory component of utility or purposeful action (functional Affordance). Finally, we provide guidelines to help designers think about how these four kinds of Affordance work together naturally in contextualized HCI design or evaluation. 1
H. Rex Hartson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive, physical, Sensory, and functional Affordances in interaction design
Behaviour & Information Technology, 2003Co-Authors: H. Rex HartsonAbstract:In reaction to Norman's (1999) essay on misuse of the term Affordance in human-computer interaction literature, this article is a concept paper affirming the importance of this powerful concept, reinforcing Norman's distinctions of terminology, and expanding on the usefulness of the concepts in terms of their application to interaction design and evaluation. We define and use four complementary types of Affordance in the context of interaction design and evaluation: cognitive Affordance, physical Affordance, Sensory Affordance, and functional Affordance. The terms cognitive Affordance (Norman's perceived Affordance) and physical Affordance (Norman's real Affordance) refer to parallel and equally important usability concepts for interaction design, to which Sensory Affordance plays a supporting role. We argue that the concept of physical Affordance carries a mandatory component of utility or purposeful action (functional Affordance). Finally, we provide guidelines to help designers think about how these fo...
Zhiguo Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of technical installations on evacuation performance in urban road tunnel fires
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Yuxin Zhang, Hehua Zhu, Qinghua Guo, Ricky Carvel, Zhiguo YanAbstract:Abstract Tunnels are separated from the ground by structural linings, and are enclosed and unfamiliar for occupants. In tunnel fires, occupants are faced with a dangerous environment and they need to evacuate. Conveying and obtaining information about the evacuation is the key issue for evacuees. Since tunnels typically have low lighting and little connection outside the tunnel, technical installations are the only approach to deliver information to occupants in order to guide their fast and safe evacuation. This is particularly an issue for urban road tunnels with large occupants’ flow in a large underground space. The present study explores the effect and role of technical installations (alarms, information signs, and lighting) on people’s evacuation performance in urban tunnel fires, through field experiments, questionnaires and interviews. Theory of Affordance (Sensory Affordance, cognitive Affordance and functional Affordance) is taken into consideration and provides an integral evaluation for technical installations. Technical installations are useful in helping occupants notice the emergency, finding exits and guiding path, and information signs are regarded as the most powerful among those three. Besides, this experiment points out some side effect from alarms and ambiguity of signs which will result in serious consequence potentially. This study leads to guidance on improvement of technical installations on evacuation planning and procedures on urban road tunnels.
Daniel Nilsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A mixed-ordered Logit approach to investigate correlations among different Affordances in fire evacuation
2015Co-Authors: Ruggiero Lovreglio, Enrico Ronchi, Daniel NilssonAbstract:The evaluation of the effectiveness of safety installations (such as emergency exits, lighting, etc.) is a key factor to improve the evacuation performance of buildings or transportation systems. In fact, even though an installation is designed to achieve a given design goal, it could happen it does not perform as intended. According to the Theory of Affordances, this could be interpreted in relation to different Affordances, namely it cannot be (1) sensed (i.e. Sensory Affordance), (2) understood (i.e. Cognitive Affordance), (3) physically used (i.e. Physical Affordance), or (4) it does not fulfil its intended goal (i.e. Functional Affordance). This study investigates how this issue can be addressed combining the Theory of Affordances and the Random Utility Theory. This work shows that ordered choice models are powerful tools to investigate the relations among Affordances. In this work, an ordered choice model is estimated using data from a Virtual Reality experiment aimed at investigating the design of flashing lights at emergency exit portals for road tunnel evacuation. The proposed model demonstrates that both Sensory and Cognitive Affordances statistically affect Functional Affordance. The results demonstrate also how participant demographics and installation variables affect Functional Affordance.
Yuxin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of technical installations on evacuation performance in urban road tunnel fires
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Yuxin Zhang, Hehua Zhu, Qinghua Guo, Ricky Carvel, Zhiguo YanAbstract:Abstract Tunnels are separated from the ground by structural linings, and are enclosed and unfamiliar for occupants. In tunnel fires, occupants are faced with a dangerous environment and they need to evacuate. Conveying and obtaining information about the evacuation is the key issue for evacuees. Since tunnels typically have low lighting and little connection outside the tunnel, technical installations are the only approach to deliver information to occupants in order to guide their fast and safe evacuation. This is particularly an issue for urban road tunnels with large occupants’ flow in a large underground space. The present study explores the effect and role of technical installations (alarms, information signs, and lighting) on people’s evacuation performance in urban tunnel fires, through field experiments, questionnaires and interviews. Theory of Affordance (Sensory Affordance, cognitive Affordance and functional Affordance) is taken into consideration and provides an integral evaluation for technical installations. Technical installations are useful in helping occupants notice the emergency, finding exits and guiding path, and information signs are regarded as the most powerful among those three. Besides, this experiment points out some side effect from alarms and ambiguity of signs which will result in serious consequence potentially. This study leads to guidance on improvement of technical installations on evacuation planning and procedures on urban road tunnels.
