The Experts below are selected from a list of 195 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M. A. Gernsbacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Population-Based Twin Study of Parentally Reported Tactile and Auditory Defensiveness in Young Children
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: H. H. Goldsmith, C. A. Hulle, C. L. Arneson, J. E. Schreiber, M. A. GernsbacherAbstract:Some adults and children exhibit defensive behaviors to tactile or auditory stimulation. These symptoms occur not only in subsets of children with ADHD, autism, and Fragile X syndrome, but also in the apparent absence of accompanying disorders. Relatively little research explores the correlates and antecedents of Sensory Defensiveness. Using a population-based sample of 1,394 toddler-aged twins, mothers reported on tactile and auditory Defensiveness, temperament, and behavior problems. The incidence of defensive symptoms was widely distributed, with some accumulation of cases in the extreme range. Girls were overrepresented in the extreme tactile Defensiveness group. Both auditory and tactile Defensiveness were modestly associated with fearful temperament and anxiety, but they were relatively distinct from other common dimensions of childhood behavioral dysfunction. Twin correlations for the full range of scores and concordance rates for the extremes suggested moderate genetic influences, with some indication that the tactile domain might be more heritable than the auditory domain.
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A Population-Based Twin Study of Parentally Reported Tactile and Auditory Defensiveness in Young Children
2004Co-Authors: M. A. GernsbacherAbstract:Some adults and children exhibit defensive behaviors to tactile or auditory stimulation. These symp-toms occur not only in subsets of children with ADHD, autism, and Fragile X syndrome, but also in the apparent absence of accompanying disorders. Relatively little research explores the correlates and antecedents of Sensory Defensiveness. Using a population-based sample of 1,394 toddler-aged twins, mothers reported on tactile and auditory Defensiveness, temperament, and behavior problems. The incidence of defensive symptoms was widely distributed, with some accumulation of cases in the extreme range. Girls were overrepresented in the extreme tactile Defensiveness group. Both auditory and tactile Defensiveness were modestly associated with fearful temperament and anxiety, but they were relatively distinct from other common dimensions of childhood behavioral dysfunction. Twin correlations for the full range of scores and concordance rates for the extremes suggested moderate genetic influences, with some indication that the tactile domain might be more heritable than the auditory domain. KEY WORDS: Sensory Defensiveness; twins; temperament; genetics; anxiety
Daniel L Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonassociative learning as gated neural integrator and differentiator in stimulus-response pathways
Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2006Co-Authors: Chi-sang Poon, Daniel L YoungAbstract:Nonassociative learning is a basic neuroadaptive behavior exhibited across animal phyla and Sensory modalities but its role in brain intelligence is unclear. Current literature on habituation and sensitization, the classic "dual process" of nonassociative learning, gives highly incongruous accounts between varying experimental paradigms. Here we propose a general theory of nonassociative learning featuring four base modes: habituation/primary sensitization in primary stimulus-response pathways, and desensitization/secondary sensitization in secondary stimulus-response pathways. Primary and secondary modes of nonassociative learning are distinguished by corresponding activity-dependent recall, or nonassociative gating, of neurotransmission memory. From the perspective of brain computation, nonassociative learning is a form of integral-differential calculus whereas nonassociative gating is a form of Boolean logic operator – both dynamically transforming the stimulus-response relationship. From the perspective of Sensory integration, nonassociative gating provides temporal filtering whereas nonassociative learning affords low-pass, high-pass or band-pass/band-stop frequency filtering – effectively creating an intelligent Sensory firewall that screens all stimuli for attention and resultant internal model adaptation and reaction. This unified framework ties together many salient characteristics of nonassociative learning and nonassociative gating and suggests a common kernel that correlates with a wide variety of sensorimotor integration behaviors such as central resetting and self-organization of Sensory inputs, fail-safe sensorimotor compensation, integral-differential and gated modulation of sensorimotor feedbacks, alarm reaction, novelty detection and selective attention, as well as a variety of mental and neurological disorders such as sensorimotor instability, attention deficit hyperactivity, Sensory Defensiveness, autism, nonassociative fear and anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction and craving, pain sensitization and phantom sensations, etc.
Chi-sang Poon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonassociative learning as gated neural integrator and differentiator in stimulus-response pathways
Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2006Co-Authors: Chi-sang Poon, Daniel L YoungAbstract:Nonassociative learning is a basic neuroadaptive behavior exhibited across animal phyla and Sensory modalities but its role in brain intelligence is unclear. Current literature on habituation and sensitization, the classic "dual process" of nonassociative learning, gives highly incongruous accounts between varying experimental paradigms. Here we propose a general theory of nonassociative learning featuring four base modes: habituation/primary sensitization in primary stimulus-response pathways, and desensitization/secondary sensitization in secondary stimulus-response pathways. Primary and secondary modes of nonassociative learning are distinguished by corresponding activity-dependent recall, or nonassociative gating, of neurotransmission memory. From the perspective of brain computation, nonassociative learning is a form of integral-differential calculus whereas nonassociative gating is a form of Boolean logic operator – both dynamically transforming the stimulus-response relationship. From the perspective of Sensory integration, nonassociative gating provides temporal filtering whereas nonassociative learning affords low-pass, high-pass or band-pass/band-stop frequency filtering – effectively creating an intelligent Sensory firewall that screens all stimuli for attention and resultant internal model adaptation and reaction. This unified framework ties together many salient characteristics of nonassociative learning and nonassociative gating and suggests a common kernel that correlates with a wide variety of sensorimotor integration behaviors such as central resetting and self-organization of Sensory inputs, fail-safe sensorimotor compensation, integral-differential and gated modulation of sensorimotor feedbacks, alarm reaction, novelty detection and selective attention, as well as a variety of mental and neurological disorders such as sensorimotor instability, attention deficit hyperactivity, Sensory Defensiveness, autism, nonassociative fear and anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction and craving, pain sensitization and phantom sensations, etc.
H. H. Goldsmith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Population-Based Twin Study of Parentally Reported Tactile and Auditory Defensiveness in Young Children
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: H. H. Goldsmith, C. A. Hulle, C. L. Arneson, J. E. Schreiber, M. A. GernsbacherAbstract:Some adults and children exhibit defensive behaviors to tactile or auditory stimulation. These symptoms occur not only in subsets of children with ADHD, autism, and Fragile X syndrome, but also in the apparent absence of accompanying disorders. Relatively little research explores the correlates and antecedents of Sensory Defensiveness. Using a population-based sample of 1,394 toddler-aged twins, mothers reported on tactile and auditory Defensiveness, temperament, and behavior problems. The incidence of defensive symptoms was widely distributed, with some accumulation of cases in the extreme range. Girls were overrepresented in the extreme tactile Defensiveness group. Both auditory and tactile Defensiveness were modestly associated with fearful temperament and anxiety, but they were relatively distinct from other common dimensions of childhood behavioral dysfunction. Twin correlations for the full range of scores and concordance rates for the extremes suggested moderate genetic influences, with some indication that the tactile domain might be more heritable than the auditory domain.
Moya Kinnealey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sensory modulation and affective disorders in children and adolescents with Asperger's disorder.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2005Co-Authors: Beth Pfeiffer, Moya Kinnealey, Carol Reed, Georgiana HerzbergAbstract:OBJECTIVE. The purpose of the study was to determine if there were significant relationships between dysfunction in Sensory modulation, symptoms of affective disorders, and adaptive behaviors in children and adolescents with Asperger’s disorder between 6 and 17 years of age. METHOD. Parents of 50 children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria completed the (a) Sensory Profile for children 6 to 10 years of age or the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile for adolescents 11 to 17 years of age; (b) the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System: Parent Version; (c) Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale Adapted Parent’s Version; and (d) the Children’s Depression Inventory Adapted Parent’s Version. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation calculations were used for data analysis. RESULTS. The results indicated that there were significantly strong positive correlations between Sensory Defensiveness and anxiety (r = .476, p = .000) in children and adolescents with Asperger’s disorder. There were also significant relationships between symptoms of depression and hyposensitivity in the total group (r = .214, p = .05) and the older group (r = .492, p = .027). There were no significant relationships between depression and overall adaptive behavior (r = ‐.243, p = .089) or anxiety and overall adaptive behavior (r = ‐.108, p = .455). Significantly strong inverse relationships were found between the specific adaptive behaviors of functional academics, leisure, social skills, and symptoms of depression. Functional academics were also significantly inversely related to anxiety. Specifically, Sensory hyper- and hypersensitivity were significantly inversely related to community use and social skills. CONCLUSION. The data supports positive relationships between anxiety and Sensory Defensiveness in all age ranges and a relationship between depression and hyposensitivity in older children. Stronger inverse relationships were apparent between specific adaptive behaviors including: (a) symptoms of depression and functional academics, leisure, social skills; (b) anxiety and functional academics; and (c) both Sensory hyper- and hyposensitivity and community use and social skills. In this study, as the symptoms of affective disorders increased in children and adolescents with Asperger’s disorder, the functional performance in the adaptive behaviors of functional academics and social skills appeared to decrease. Performance in the adaptive behaviors of community use and socials skills appeared to decrease as symptoms of dysfunction in Sensory modulation increase. Further research is necessary to determine the impact of treatment for dysfunction on Sensory modulation on affective disorders and performance in specific adaptive behaviors.
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Treatment of Sensory Defensiveness in adults.
Occupational Therapy International, 2003Co-Authors: Beth Pfeiffer, Moya KinnealeyAbstract:This pilot study explored the relationship between Sensory defen- siveness and anxiety, as well as the impact of a Sensory integration treatment protocol on normal adults. Fifteen adult subjects identified as having Sensory Defensiveness completed the Adult Sensory Questionnaire (ASQ), Adult Sensory Interview (ADULT-SI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at pre-test and post-test intervals to measure Sensory Defensiveness and anxiety. A treatment protocol was imple- mented which included providing insight into Sensory Defensiveness, regular and daily Sensory input, and engagement in activities of choice providing primarily proprio- ceptive, vestibular and tactile Sensory input. Subjects engaged in an individualized self-treatment protocol for one month. Results indicated a significant correlation between anxiety and Sensory Defensiveness (r = 0.62, p = 0.027). The differences in pre-test and post-test mean scores of the Adult Sensory Interview (p = 0.048) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (p = 0.0453) supported the use of a Sensory treatment protocol to decrease Sensory Defensiveness and secondary anxiety. There is a need for further research using experimental methodology with a control group to explore the effectiveness of a Sensory treatment protocol on Sensory Defensiveness and anxiety.
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The relationship between Sensory Defensiveness, anxiety, depression and perception of pain in adults
Occupational Therapy International, 1999Co-Authors: Moya Kinnealey, Margo FuiekAbstract:The impact of Sensory Defensiveness on performance, behaviour and adjustment of children has been addressed in the literature, but little has been written concerning its impact on adults. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Sensory-defensive adults had more symptoms of anxiety, depression and pain than adults without Sensory Defensiveness. Participants were 32 volunteers who were normal functioning adults aged 21 to 48 years, without physical or psychological diagnoses or history of abuse. They were screened to eliminate persons with undiagnosed psychological problems using the Forty-eight Item Counseling Evaluation. Participants were assigned to a Sensory-defensive or non-Sensory-defensive group based on their score on the ADULT-SI, a Sensory history interview, which assesses Sensory Defensiveness in adults. The two groups were matched for age, gender and race. Participants were then administered the IPAT Anxiety Scale, the IPAT Depression Scale and the Pain Apperception Test. Differences were found between Sensory-defensive and non-defensive adults in anxiety (p=0.014) and depression (p=0.019), but not in pain perception. Analysis of the screening scores of the Forty-eight Item Counseling Evaluation indicated an unexpected difference between groups in psychological adjustment (p=0.005). This study supports clinical impressions that Sensory-defensive adults differ from non-defensive adults in some psychological parameters. A sequela of Sensory Defensiveness in adults may be a tendency towards increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. Further, investigation of Sensory Defensiveness and its sequelae in adults is recommended, using larger samples, more sensitive tools and various diagnostic categories. Exploration of the impact of Sensory Defensiveness on adult roles and performance and life satisfaction is also recommended. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
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Princess or tyrant: a case report of a child with Sensory Defensiveness
Occupational Therapy International, 1998Co-Authors: Moya KinnealeyAbstract:The case report of Carrie describes a 3-and-a-half-year-old girl with Sensory Defensiveness. Social, emotional and behavioural problems related to this condition interfered with her assuming age-appropriate roles and learning pre-school skills. She responded well to occupational therapy using a Sensory integration approach. Particular attention had to be paid to Carrie's anxiety, need for control, and the family dynamics that occur with this type of disability. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
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A Phenomenological Study of Sensory Defensiveness in Adults
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1995Co-Authors: Moya Kinnealey, Barbara Oliver, Patricia WilbargerAbstract:This article describes the experiences offive adults who are defensive toward sensations of touch, move ment, vision, smell, sound, and taste that most people consider harmless. It also describes the strategies that they use when they perceive environmental stimuli to be aversive. These coping strategies are avoidance, predictability, mental preparation, talking through, counteraction, and confrontation. A conceptual framework is presented to enhance understanding ({nd gUide further study oIsens01Y Defensiveness in adults.
