The Experts below are selected from a list of 3219 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Darlene Southworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mycorrhizal ecology on Serpentine Soils
Plant Ecology & Diversity, 2014Co-Authors: Darlene Southworth, Linda E Tackaberry, Hugues B MassicotteAbstract:Background: Serpentine ecosystems support different, often unique, plant communities; however, we know little about the soil organisms that associate with these ecosystems. Mycorrhizas, mutualistic symbioses between fungi and roots, are critical to nutrient cycling and energy exchange below ground.Aims: We address three hypotheses: H1, diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in Serpentine Soils mirrors above-ground plant diversity; H2, the morphology of mycorrhizas and fungi on Serpentine Soils differs from that on non-Serpentine; and H3, mycorrhizal fungal communities of the same or closely related hosts differ between Serpentine and non-Serpentine Soils.Methods: This review focuses on whether plant diversity on Serpentine Soils correlates with the below ground diversity of mycorrhizal fungi.Results: Studies show that plants and fungi formed abundant ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses on and off Serpentine Soils. No Serpentine-endemic fungi were identified. Molecular analyses indicate distinct s...
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Ectomycorrhizal communities of Quercus garryana are similar on Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils
Plant and Soil, 2009Co-Authors: A. Mariah Moser, Jad A. D'allura, Jonathan L. Frank, Darlene SouthworthAbstract:Serpentine Soils, rich in iron, magnesium, and heavy metals, select for unique plant communities and for endemic species. Because mycorrhizal fungi mediate the interaction between plants and soil, we hypothesized that distinct ectomycorrhizal fungi would colonize Quercus garryana roots on Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils. We sampled roots of Q. garryana on Serpentine Soils at two locations in the Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon and identified ectomycorrhizas by morphological and molecular methods. The same six most abundant and most frequent mycorrhizal species, Cenococcum geophilum, Tuber candidum, Genea harknessii, Tomentella sp., Sebacina sp., and Inocybe sp., were found on Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils. Based on similarities calculated using the Sorensen index in Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling, mycorrhizal communities on Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils were not significantly different. This study showed that ectomycorrhizal species associated with Q. garryana exhibit edaphic tolerance and were neither reduced nor excluded by serpentinite or peridotite parent materials.
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Comparison of ectomycorrhizas of Quercus garryana (Fagaceae) on Serpentine and non‐Serpentine Soils in southwestern Oregon
American Journal of Botany, 2005Co-Authors: A. Mariah Moser, Carolyn A. Petersen, Jad A. D'allura, Darlene SouthworthAbstract:The diversity of ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Quercus garryana on and off Serpentine Soils was compared and related to landscape-level diversity. Serpentine Soils are high in magnesium, iron, and heavy metals and low in fertility. In plant communities on Serpentine Soils, a high proportion of flowering plant species are endemic. At three sites with paired Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils in southwestern Oregon, we sampled Q. garryana roots and categorized ectomycorrhizas by morphotyping and by restriction fragment length patterns. Ectomycorrhizas were abundant at all sites; no single fungal species dominated in the ectomycorrhizas. Of 74 fungal species characterized by morphotype and pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, 46 occurred on Serpentine Soils, and 32 were unique to Serpentine soil. These species are potentially endemic to Serpentine soil. Similarities in species composition between paired Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils were not significantly lower than among three Serpentine sites or among three nonSerpentine sites. We conclude that mycorrhizal communities associated with oaks on Serpentine soil do not differ in species richness or species evenness from those on neighboring nonSerpentine soil.
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comparison of ectomycorrhizas of quercus garryana fagaceae on Serpentine and non Serpentine Soils in southwestern oregon
American Journal of Botany, 2005Co-Authors: Mariah A Moser, Carolyn Petersen, Jad A Dallura, Darlene SouthworthAbstract:The diversity of ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Quercus garryana on and off Serpentine Soils was compared and related to landscape-level diversity. Serpentine Soils are high in magnesium, iron, and heavy metals and low in fertility. In plant communities on Serpentine Soils, a high proportion of flowering plant species are endemic. At three sites with paired Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils in southwestern Oregon, we sampled Q. garryana roots and categorized ectomycorrhizas by morphotyping and by restriction fragment length patterns. Ectomycorrhizas were abundant at all sites; no single fungal species dominated in the ectomycorrhizas. Of 74 fungal species characterized by morphotype and pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, 46 occurred on Serpentine Soils, and 32 were unique to Serpentine soil. These species are potentially endemic to Serpentine soil. Similarities in species composition between paired Serpentine and nonSerpentine Soils were not significantly lower than among three Serpentine sites or among three nonSerpentine sites. We conclude that mycorrhizal communities associated with oaks on Serpentine soil do not differ in species richness or species evenness from those on neighboring nonSerpentine soil.
Roger D Reeves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species adaptation in Serpentine Soils in lesbos island greece metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance
Plant and Soil, 2010Co-Authors: Elena Kazakou, George C Adamidis, Roger D Reeves, Alan J M Baker, Malinda Godino, Panayiotis G DimitrakopoulosAbstract:Serpentine (ultramafic) Soils, containing relatively high nickel and other metal concentrations, present a stressful environment for plant growth but also a preferred substrate for some plants which accumulate nickel in their tissues. In the present study we focused on: (1) the relationships between Serpentine Soils of Lesbos Island (Greece) and serpentinophilic species in order to test their adaptation to the ‘Serpentine syndrome’, and (2) the Ni-hyperaccumulation capacity of Alyssum lesbiacum, a Serpentine endemic, Ni-hyperaccumulating species, recorded over all its distribution for the first time. We sampled soil and the most abundant plant species from the four Serpentine localities of Lesbos Island. Soil and leaf elemental concentrations were measured across all the sites. Our results confirmed our hypothesis that serpentinophilic species are adapted to elevated heavy metal soil concentrations but restricting heavy metal concentration in their leaves. We demonstrated that different A. lesbiacum populations from Lesbos Island present differences in Ni hyperaccumulation according to soil Ni availability. Our results highlighted the understanding of Serpentine ecosystems through an extensive field study in an unexplored area. Alyssum lesbiacum and Thlaspi ochroleucum emerge as two strong Ni hyperaccumulators with the former having a high potential for phytoextraction purposes.
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hypotheses mechanisms and trade offs of tolerance and adaptation to Serpentine Soils from species to ecosystem level
Biological Reviews, 2008Co-Authors: Elena Kazakou, Panayiotis G Dimitrakopoulos, A J M Baker, Roger D Reeves, Andreas Y TroumbisAbstract:Understanding the relative importance of the abiotic environment and species interactions in determining the distribution and abundance of organisms has been a challenge in ecological research. Serpentine substrata are stressful environments for plant growth due to multiple limitations, collectively called the ‘‘Serpentine syndrome’’. In the present review, our aim is not only to describe recent work in Serpentine ecology, but also to highlight specific mechanisms of species tolerance and adaptation to Serpentine Soils and their effects on community structure and ecosystem functioning. We present hypotheses of the development of Serpentine endemism and a description of functional traits of Serpentine plants together with a synthesis of species interactions in Serpentine Soils and their effects on community structure and ecosystem productivity. In addition, we propose hypotheses about the effects of the ‘Serpentine syndrome’ on ecosystem processes including productivity and decomposition.
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hyperaccumulation of nickel by two alyssum species from the Serpentine Soils of iran
Plant and Soil, 2007Co-Authors: Seyed Majid Ghaderian, Roger D Reeves, A Mohtadi, R Rahiminejad, Alan J M BakerAbstract:Serpentine Soils, which contain relatively high concentrations of nickel and some other metals, are the preferred substrate for some plants, especially those that accumulate Ni in their tissues. In temperate regions more Ni-hyperaccumulator plants are found in Alyssum than in any other genus. In this study, Serpentine Soils of two areas (Marivan and Dizaj) in the west/northwest of Iran and also perennial Alyssum plants growing on these Soils were analyzed for Ni and some other metals. The highest concentrations of total metals in the Soils of these areas for Ni, Cr, Co and Mn were 1,350, 265, 94 and 1,150 μg g−1, respectively, while concentrations of Fe, Mg and Ca reached 3.55%, 16.8% and 0.585% respectively. The concentration of exchangeable Ni in these Soils is up to 4.5 μg g−1. In this study two Alyssum species, A. inflatum and A. longistylum, have been collected from Marivan and Dizaj, respectively. Analysis of leaf dry matter shows that they can contain up to 3,700 and 8,100 μg Ni g−1, respectively. This is the first time that such high Ni concentrations have been found in these species. The concentrations of other metals determined in these species were in the normal range for Serpentine plants, except for Ca, which was higher, up to 5.3% and 3.5%, respectively
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rare plants and nickel accumulators from turkish Serpentine Soils with special reference to centaurea species
Turkish Journal of Botany, 2004Co-Authors: Roger D ReevesAbstract:Recent exploration and collecting from areas of Serpentine Soils in western and central regions of Turkey have shown that there is still much to be discovered. This work has led to the identification of new species, the re-collection of very rare species, the recording of extensions to the known ranges of several species, and the discovery of new instances of Ni hyperaccumulation, in which plant species can accumulate this element to concentrations exceeding 0.1% of the dry weight of the plant. In Turkey, there has already been special interest in Ni accumulation by species of Aethionema R.Br., Alyssum L., Bornmuellera Hausskn., Cochlearia L. and Thlaspi L. (Brassicaceae). We now report instances of hyperaccumulation of Ni in some of the Turkish Serpentine occurrences of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae). There is worldwide interest in exploiting the property of hyperaccumulation, both for remediation of metal-contaminated Soils ('phytoremediation') and for economic selective extraction of metal compounds by cropping hyperaccumulators ('phytomining'). The potential for these processes to be carried out in Turkey, the need for further exploration of the natural resource and the conservation issues involved are discussed.
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Nickel‐accumulating plants from the ancient Serpentine Soils of Cuba
New Phytologist, 1996Co-Authors: Roger D Reeves, Alan J M Baker, A Borhidi, R BerazainAbstract:SUMMARY Extraordinary uptake of nickel (Ni), reaching concentrations of 0 1-5 0 00, c. 1000 times greater than those usually found in flowering plants, has been observed previously in c. 190 species that grow on Ni-rich Serpentine Soils derived from ultramafic rocks in various parts of the world. These so-called hyperaccumulators of Ni include c. 50 species from the rich ultramafic flora of New Caledonia and c. 80 species from the Brassicaceae of Mediterranean Europe and Turkey. A study of a limited part (the families Buxaceae and Euphorbiaceae) of the very large ultramafic flora of Cuba has now identified this as the home of at least 80 hyperaccumulators, the largest number yet found in any one country. The more frequent incidence here of this unusual form of plant behaviour is linked to the very long period (c. 10-30 million years) during which some of the Cuban ultramafic substrata are believed to have been continuously available for colonization; the distribution of Ni hyperaccumulators between older and younger ultramafic Soils in Cuba mirrors the overall incidence of endemic species in these areas.
Jakub Kierczak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mobility of ni cr and co in Serpentine Soils derived on various ultrabasic bedrocks under temperate climate
Geoderma, 2016Co-Authors: Jakub Kierczak, Artur Pedziwiatr, Jaroslaw Waroszewski, Magdalena ModelskaAbstract:Abstract Serpentine soil is a common name for Soils derived either from igneous peridotites or metamorphic serpentinites. However, differences in mineralogy of these rocks are responsible for some differences between Soils occurring on peridotites and serpentinites. In this study, we analyze the mobility of Ni, Cr and Co in six Serpentine sites derived from a variety of parent substrates: from partially serpentinized peridotites through serpentinites containing relics of primary minerals and textures to proper serpentinites. The mobility of Ni, Cr and Co, determined using the EDTA extraction, is the highest for Ni whereas Cr is the least mobile element in all Soils studied. No relationship between type of parent rock and Cr mobility is found. The lowest proportions of EDTA extractable fractions of Ni and Co (up to 7 and 4% of total concentrations, respectively) are observed in Soils derived from proper serpentinites devoid of primary minerals (e.g., olivine, pyroxene) and having non-pseudomorphic texture. The highest proportions of EDTA extractable Ni and Co are noted in Soils derived from partially serpentinized peridotite, hornblende peridotite and serpentinite having typical pseudomorphic texture, containing primary Al-rich magnesiochromite (up to 18 and 16% of total concentration respectively). It is therefore justified that type and origin of ultrabasic parent rock affect metal mobility (at least in the case of Ni and Co) in Serpentine Soils. Furthermore, several soil characteristics (such as pH, total organic C, soil mineralogy) also play an important role in the mobility of Ni, Cr and Co. However, relationships between soil properties and metal availability are more pronounced for Soils developed on proper serpentinites than for Soils deriving from rocks that experienced less advanced serpentinization.
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effect of mineralogy and pedoclimatic variations on ni and cr distribution in Serpentine Soils under temperate climate
Geoderma, 2007Co-Authors: Jakub Kierczak, Catherine Neel, Hubert Bril, Jacek PuziewiczAbstract:Abstract Part of the Soils occurring in the serpentinite Szklary Massif (SW Poland) have developed in Quaternary under temperate climate on the parent rock not affected by chemical weathering. In studied parent ultrabasite, Ni occurs in Cr-magnetite (up to 0.96 wt.% of NiO), forsterite (up to 0.55 wt.% of NiO), iddingsite (up to 0.99 wt.% of NiO), and Serpentine (up to 0.55 wt.% of NiO), while Cr is bounded with Cr-magnetites (up to 21.77 wt.% of Cr 2 O 3 ) and clinochlores (up to 1.68 wt.% of Cr 2 O 3 ). Cr-magnetites are highly resistant to weathering while other primary minerals, more susceptible to weathering release parts of Ni and Cr which are trapped in authigenic phases. The latter, however, contain less Ni and Cr than corresponding primary minerals: clayous matrix 0.37 wt.% of NiO and 0.08 wt.% of Cr 2 O 3 , smectites 0.30 wt.% of NiO and 0.07 wt.% of Cr 2 O 3 and mixture of oxy-hydroxides and clay minerals 0.36 wt.% of NiO and 0.14 wt.% of Cr 2 O 3 . At the mineral scale, smectite plays an important role in the trapping of Ni. At the profile scale, Ni and Cr are moderately diluted upwards the soil profile and Cr is generally less mobile than Ni. The soil formed in Szklary is chemically different than the analogous Serpentine Soils occurring more to the south in Europe (French Massif Central, Vosges Mountains and Ligurian Apennines, NW Italy). The difference is due to participation of fluvioglacial material produced by Quaternary continental glaciacion in Poland. However, similar vertical relative variations of Ni and Cr were found in all compared Soils in spite of differences in parent rock composition, allogenic contaminations and degree of soil development. Comparison with other well-drained pedons located in similar uphill positions shows a climatic control of the Cr and Ni vertical distribution in Serpentine Soils. Humid mountainous variant of temperate climate induces leaching of Mg and subsequent lack in smectite neoformation which lead to the release of Ni. Ni is less mobile in the colder and dryer climate of Poland. Moreover, some primary minerals which are generally considered as not stable under soil conditions (olivine, Serpentine and chlorite) are still present even in the A horizon of the studied Polish pedon. Their resistance is due to slower rates of weathering related to the climate but also due to former hydrothermal processes affecting the parent rock fabric.
Zengyei Hseu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of soil properties on the bioaccessibility of cr and ni in geologic Serpentine and anthropogenically contaminated non Serpentine Soils in taiwan
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Ying Lin Wang, Ming Chien Tsou, Hsiu Ting Liao, Zengyei Hseu, Winston Dang, Ling Chu ChienAbstract:Abstract Serpentine minerals with high levels of geologic chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) and non-Serpentine farmlands polluted by irrigation water causing high anthropogenic Cr and Ni levels are both found in Taiwan. Elevated levels of Cr and Ni in these Soils are a concern due to their potential to promote cancer mortality in humans. Bioaccessibility is a crucial factor determining the actual health risk via oral ingestion when children are exposed to metal-contaminated Soils. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of metals varies with the source, soil properties, and fractionation of metals in the soil. Therefore in this study, soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC), texture, and the total concentrations, fractionation, and bioaccessibility of Cr and Ni were analyzed and correlated for Soils collected from Serpentine mineral-containing deposits and contaminated non-Serpentine farmlands. The low bioaccessibility and low mobility of Cr and Ni in Serpentine Soils suggested that incidental ingesting of Soils posed a low health risk; however, the higher bioaccessibility and mobility of Ni in non-Serpentine Soils contaminated by electroplating wastewater could lead to potential risks for humans. Additionally, a significant difference in the bioaccessibility of Ni was observed between Serpentine and non-Serpentine Soils, but this was not shown for Cr. Accordingly, a correlation analysis showed that Cr bioaccessibility was positively correlated with TOC, with no distinction between Serpentine and non-Serpentine Soils. In contrast, TOC and the fractions of the sequential extraction procedure were significantly correlated with Ni bioaccessibility both in anthropogenically contaminated non-Serpentine Soils and in natural Serpentine Soils.
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Geochemical fractionation of chromium and nickel in Serpentine soil profiles along a temperate to tropical climate gradient
Geoderma, 2018Co-Authors: Zengyei Hseu, Franz Zehetner, Kazumichi Fujii, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Atsushi NakaoAbstract:Abstract Serpentine Soils contain high levels of geogenic Cr and Ni, which may pose potential risks to the environment due to the increase of bioavailability of the metals during soil weathering. This study determined the lability of Cr and Ni by sequential selective extraction (SSE) and illustrated its relationships to mineral composition and physicochemical properties of Serpentine Soils for eight pedons along a climate gradient including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions in Austria, Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia. Although the mineral origin of Cr was different from that of Ni, Cr significantly accompanied Ni in various climates. Geochemical Cr and Ni fractions (by SSE) followed the order: residual (F4) > Fe/Mn oxide (F2) > organic matter (F3) > acid soluble (F1). Soil properties associated with changes in climate/weathering state, including pH, organic carbon, exchangeable Ca/Mg, and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable Fe, correlated with all fractions of Cr and Ni. Individual and the sum of all labile pools (∑F1–F3) of Ni were much higher than those of Cr in all pedons. Cr and Ni associated with Fe/Mn oxides (F2) was higher in the tropical Soils than in the temperate Soils, while Cr and Ni associated with organic matter (F3) was higher in the temperate Soils than in the tropical Soils along this gradient. Our results demonstrate that Cr and Ni are gradually transformed into labile pools in the Soils as chemical weathering progresses from temperate to tropical climate.
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nickel accumulation in paddy rice on Serpentine Soils containing high geogenic nickel contents in taiwan
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2017Co-Authors: Zengyei HseuAbstract:We investigated the extractability of nickel (Ni) in Serpentine Soils collected from rice paddy fields in eastern Taiwan to evaluate the bioavailability of Ni in the Soils as well as for demonstrating the health risks of Ni in rice. Total Ni concentrations in the Soils ranged were 70.2–2730 mg/kg (mean, 472 mg/kg), greatly exceeding the natural background content and soil control standard in Taiwan. Available Ni concentration only accounts for <10% of total soil Ni content; 0.1 N HCl-extractable Ni was the more suitable index for Ni bioavailability in the soil to rice than was diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Ni. The accumulation ability of rice roots was much higher than that of its shoots; however, compared with those reported previously, our brown and polished rice samples contained much higher Ni concentrations, within the ranges of 1.50–4.53 and 2.45–5.54 mg/kg, respectively. On the basis of the provisional tolerable Ni intake for adults recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), daily consumption of this rice can result in an excessive Ni intake.
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leaching potential of geogenic nickel in Serpentine Soils from taiwan and austria
Journal of Environmental Management, 2017Co-Authors: Zengyei Hseu, Yingching Su, Franz ZehetnerAbstract:Abstract Serpentine Soils may be natural sources of metal leaching and pollution. In this study, two contrasting Serpentine Soils from Taiwan and Austria were selected to evaluate the leaching potential of geogenic nickel (Ni). We applied selective sequential extractions and dissolution kinetics with three inorganic acids (HCl, HNO 3 , and H 2 SO 4 ) and three organic acids (citric, acetic, and oxalic acids) in concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 10 mM to determine the release rate of Ni in the Soils with respect to pH and acid types. Chlorite and Serpentine were the major Ni-bearing minerals in the studied Soils. Ni was dominantly bound in unavailable forms within these silicate minerals, but smaller fractions of acid-soluble, Fe–Mn oxide-bound, and organically bound Ni represented more labile Ni sources in the Soils. The release rate of Ni from the Soils increased with decreasing pH in all acids. However, the organic acids caused stronger pH dependences than the inorganic acids, likely because of ligand-promoted dissolution. The maximum total rate of Ni dissolution occurred with citric acid in both Soils. The dissolution of Ni strongly increased when the ionic strength in the background solutions increased. We observed marked differences in dissolution rates and ligand effects between the Austrian and Taiwanese Soils, which reflect differences in labile Ni pools, especially in the organically bound fraction. Our results demonstrate that labile fractions control the leaching potential of Ni in Serpentine Soils and that Ni associated with soil organic matter may contribute to leaching at moderately acidic pH levels.
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portable x ray fluorescence pxrf for determining cr and ni contents of Serpentine Soils in the field
2016Co-Authors: Zengyei Hseu, Zuengsang Chen, Chenchi Tsai, Shihhao JienAbstract:Serpentine-derived Soils have high concentrations of Cr and Ni from the parent materials and pose a risk to human health and environmental quality. The use of pXRF is a viable and effective technique for digital soil morphometrics. Soil digestion by aqua regia (AR) is a common method for screening heavy metals in contaminated Soils. To provide in situ measurements, pXRF was performed for quantifying Cr and Ni in 49 soil horizons from 11 pedons at 3 Serpentine areas in eastern Taiwan. Cr and Ni were also determined by the AR method for the samples. The correlation between pXRF and AR methods was linear and significant (r = 0.90 and 0.99, respectively, P < 0.001). The metal contents by pXRF were, however, higher than by AR. The difference is much larger for Cr than for Ni, because Cr was mainly fixed in the chromite minerals which were resistant to the AR reagent, but Ni was easily released from weatherable Serpentine silicates. When additional 192 surface soil samples were used, the correlation was significant for Cr and Ni (r = 0.89 and 0.98, respectively, P < 0.001, n = 241). It was concluded that the pXRF was valid to rapidly screen Cr and Ni levels in Serpentine Soils in the field.
Alan J M Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species adaptation in Serpentine Soils in lesbos island greece metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance
Plant and Soil, 2010Co-Authors: Elena Kazakou, George C Adamidis, Roger D Reeves, Alan J M Baker, Malinda Godino, Panayiotis G DimitrakopoulosAbstract:Serpentine (ultramafic) Soils, containing relatively high nickel and other metal concentrations, present a stressful environment for plant growth but also a preferred substrate for some plants which accumulate nickel in their tissues. In the present study we focused on: (1) the relationships between Serpentine Soils of Lesbos Island (Greece) and serpentinophilic species in order to test their adaptation to the ‘Serpentine syndrome’, and (2) the Ni-hyperaccumulation capacity of Alyssum lesbiacum, a Serpentine endemic, Ni-hyperaccumulating species, recorded over all its distribution for the first time. We sampled soil and the most abundant plant species from the four Serpentine localities of Lesbos Island. Soil and leaf elemental concentrations were measured across all the sites. Our results confirmed our hypothesis that serpentinophilic species are adapted to elevated heavy metal soil concentrations but restricting heavy metal concentration in their leaves. We demonstrated that different A. lesbiacum populations from Lesbos Island present differences in Ni hyperaccumulation according to soil Ni availability. Our results highlighted the understanding of Serpentine ecosystems through an extensive field study in an unexplored area. Alyssum lesbiacum and Thlaspi ochroleucum emerge as two strong Ni hyperaccumulators with the former having a high potential for phytoextraction purposes.
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advances in the ecology of Serpentine Soils
Plant and Soil, 2007Co-Authors: Alessandro Chiarucci, Alan J M BakerAbstract:UltramaWc rocks (typically known as ‘Serpentines’ in the botanical and ecological literature), and the Soils derived from them, are widely distributed throughout the globe across all climatic zones. They produce specialised habitats with extreme edaphic conditions and frequently host unique plant communities and ‘islands’ of biodiversity with many restricted and endemic taxa, the most famous of which are the nickel hyperaccumulator plants. Because of these characteristics, Serpentines continue to attract the interests of plant ecologists, evolutionaty biologists and environmental physiologists. In 1991, scientists studying ultramaWc sites Wrst gathered together on an international scale to share their research Wndings at a conference at the University of California, Davis, USA. The success of that Wrst conference, along with its attendant Weld trip to local ultramaWc sites, inspired the group to continue with successive international conferences. The following were subsequently hosted in widely separated sites with nearby ultramaWc locales: Noumea, New Caledonia (1995), Kruger National Park in South Africa (1999) and at the National Botanical Garden in Havana, Cuba in 2003. The 2006 conference was held in Europe for the Wrst time, at the University of Siena, Italy. This conference attracted 110 delegates and oVered the opportunity to discuss developments in the many diVerent aspects of the ecological investigation of Serpentine Soils, from the ecophysiological to the community and biogeographical levels. In this Special Issue of Plant and Soil, 17 papers carefully selected from among the oral presentations and the posters oVered at this conference under its main themes, are brought together to provide an insight into recent advances in the ecology of Serpentine Soils. As Guest Editors of this Special Issue, we would like to thank all the institutions and companies that supported the organisation of the conference. Among them, in particular we would like to acknowledge the Regional Administration of Tuscany, notably its President, Claudio Martini and its delegate for the Environment, Marino Artusa; the University of Siena, especially Rector Silvano Focardi and all colleagues and friends who assisted with the organisation of the conference and Weld visits; the Bank Monte dei Paschi di Siena; the Provinces of Arezzo, Parma and Prato; the municipalities of Siena, Fornovo Taro and A. Chiarucci (&) Department of Environmental Science, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, Siena, 53100, Italy e-mail: chiarucci@unisi.it
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hyperaccumulation of nickel by two alyssum species from the Serpentine Soils of iran
Plant and Soil, 2007Co-Authors: Seyed Majid Ghaderian, Roger D Reeves, A Mohtadi, R Rahiminejad, Alan J M BakerAbstract:Serpentine Soils, which contain relatively high concentrations of nickel and some other metals, are the preferred substrate for some plants, especially those that accumulate Ni in their tissues. In temperate regions more Ni-hyperaccumulator plants are found in Alyssum than in any other genus. In this study, Serpentine Soils of two areas (Marivan and Dizaj) in the west/northwest of Iran and also perennial Alyssum plants growing on these Soils were analyzed for Ni and some other metals. The highest concentrations of total metals in the Soils of these areas for Ni, Cr, Co and Mn were 1,350, 265, 94 and 1,150 μg g−1, respectively, while concentrations of Fe, Mg and Ca reached 3.55%, 16.8% and 0.585% respectively. The concentration of exchangeable Ni in these Soils is up to 4.5 μg g−1. In this study two Alyssum species, A. inflatum and A. longistylum, have been collected from Marivan and Dizaj, respectively. Analysis of leaf dry matter shows that they can contain up to 3,700 and 8,100 μg Ni g−1, respectively. This is the first time that such high Ni concentrations have been found in these species. The concentrations of other metals determined in these species were in the normal range for Serpentine plants, except for Ca, which was higher, up to 5.3% and 3.5%, respectively
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nickel accumulating plants from the ancient Serpentine Soils of cuba
New Phytologist, 1996Co-Authors: R D Reeves, Alan J M Baker, A Borhidi, R BerazainAbstract:SUMMARY Extraordinary uptake of nickel (Ni), reaching concentrations of 0 1-5 0 00, c. 1000 times greater than those usually found in flowering plants, has been observed previously in c. 190 species that grow on Ni-rich Serpentine Soils derived from ultramafic rocks in various parts of the world. These so-called hyperaccumulators of Ni include c. 50 species from the rich ultramafic flora of New Caledonia and c. 80 species from the Brassicaceae of Mediterranean Europe and Turkey. A study of a limited part (the families Buxaceae and Euphorbiaceae) of the very large ultramafic flora of Cuba has now identified this as the home of at least 80 hyperaccumulators, the largest number yet found in any one country. The more frequent incidence here of this unusual form of plant behaviour is linked to the very long period (c. 10-30 million years) during which some of the Cuban ultramafic substrata are believed to have been continuously available for colonization; the distribution of Ni hyperaccumulators between older and younger ultramafic Soils in Cuba mirrors the overall incidence of endemic species in these areas.
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Nickel‐accumulating plants from the ancient Serpentine Soils of Cuba
New Phytologist, 1996Co-Authors: Roger D Reeves, Alan J M Baker, A Borhidi, R BerazainAbstract:SUMMARY Extraordinary uptake of nickel (Ni), reaching concentrations of 0 1-5 0 00, c. 1000 times greater than those usually found in flowering plants, has been observed previously in c. 190 species that grow on Ni-rich Serpentine Soils derived from ultramafic rocks in various parts of the world. These so-called hyperaccumulators of Ni include c. 50 species from the rich ultramafic flora of New Caledonia and c. 80 species from the Brassicaceae of Mediterranean Europe and Turkey. A study of a limited part (the families Buxaceae and Euphorbiaceae) of the very large ultramafic flora of Cuba has now identified this as the home of at least 80 hyperaccumulators, the largest number yet found in any one country. The more frequent incidence here of this unusual form of plant behaviour is linked to the very long period (c. 10-30 million years) during which some of the Cuban ultramafic substrata are believed to have been continuously available for colonization; the distribution of Ni hyperaccumulators between older and younger ultramafic Soils in Cuba mirrors the overall incidence of endemic species in these areas.
