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Havard Kauserud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dryad_information
2016Co-Authors: Inger Skrede, Sundy Maurice, Havard KauserudAbstract:Information about the analysed isolates of Serpula lacrymans
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high variability in a mating type linked region in the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans caused by frequency dependent selection
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Ingeborg Bjorvand Engh, Inger Skrede, Glennpeter Saetre, Havard KauserudAbstract:The mating type loci that govern the mating process in fungi are thought to be influenced by negative frequency-dependent selection due to rare allele advantage. In this study we used a mating type linked DNA marker as a proxy to indirectly study the allelic richness and geographic distribution of mating types of one mating type locus (MAT A) in worldwide populations of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. This fungus, which causes serious destruction to wooden constructions in temperate regions worldwide, has recently expanded its geographic range with a concomitant genetic bottleneck. High allelic richness and molecular variation was detected in the mating type linked marker as compared to other presumably neutral markers. Comparable amounts of genetic variation appeared in the mating type linked marker in populations from nature and buildings, which contrast the pattern observed with neutral genetic markers where natural populations were far more variable. Some geographic structuring of the allelic variation in the mating type linked marker appeared, but far less than that observed with neutral markers. In founder populations of S. lacrymans, alleles co-occurring in heterokaryotic individuals were more divergent than expected by chance, which agrees with the expectation for populations where few mating alleles exists. The analyzed DNA marker displays trans-species polymorphism wherein some alleles from the closely related species S. himantoides are more similar to those of S. lacrymans than other alleles from S. himantoides. Our results support the idea that strong negative frequency-dependent selection maintains high levels of genetic variation in MAT-linked genomic regions, even in recently bottlenecked populations of S. lacrymans.
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High variability in a mating type linked region in the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans caused by frequency-dependent selection?
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Ingeborg Bjorvand Engh, Inger Skrede, Glennpeter Saetre, Havard KauserudAbstract:Background The mating type loci that govern the mating process in fungi are thought to be influenced by negative frequency-dependent selection due to rare allele advantage. In this study we used a mating type linked DNA marker as a proxy to indirectly study the allelic richness and geographic distribution of mating types of one mating type locus (MAT A) in worldwide populations of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans . This fungus, which causes serious destruction to wooden constructions in temperate regions worldwide, has recently expanded its geographic range with a concomitant genetic bottleneck. Results High allelic richness and molecular variation was detected in the mating type linked marker as compared to other presumably neutral markers. Comparable amounts of genetic variation appeared in the mating type linked marker in populations from nature and buildings, which contrast the pattern observed with neutral genetic markers where natural populations were far more variable. Some geographic structuring of the allelic variation in the mating type linked marker appeared, but far less than that observed with neutral markers. In founder populations of S. lacrymans , alleles co-occurring in heterokaryotic individuals were more divergent than expected by chance, which agrees with the expectation for populations where few mating alleles exists. The analyzed DNA marker displays trans-species polymorphism wherein some alleles from the closely related species S. himantoides are more similar to those of S. lacrymans than other alleles from S. himantoides . Conclusions Our results support the idea that strong negative frequency-dependent selection maintains high levels of genetic variation in MAT-linked genomic regions, even in recently bottlenecked populations of S. lacrymans .
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asian origin and rapid global spread of the destructive dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans
Molecular Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Havard Kauserud, Ingeborg Bjorvand Svegarden, Glennpeter Saetre, Henning Knudsen, Oyvind Stensrud, Olaf Schmidt, Shuichi Doi, Tomoaki Sugiyama, Nils HogbergAbstract:The dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Basidiomycota) is the most damaging destroyer of wood construction materials in temperate regions. While being a widespread aggressive indoor biodeterioration agent, it is only found in a few natural environments. The geographical source of spread and colonization by this fungus in human environments is thus somewhat of an enigma. Employing genetic markers (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, DNA sequences and microsatellites) on a worldwide sample of specimens, we show that the dry rot fungus is divided into two main lineages; one nonaggressive residing naturally in North America and Asia (var. shastensis), and another aggressive lineage including specimens from all continents, both from natural environments and buildings (var. lacrymans). Our genetic analyses indicate that the two lineages represent well-differentiated cryptic species. Genetic analyses pinpoint mainland Asia as the origin of the aggressive form var. lacrymans. A few aggressive genotypes have migrated worldwide from Asia to Europe, North and South America and Oceania followed by local population expansions. The very low genetic variation in the founder populations indicate that they have established through recent founder events, for example by infected wood materials transported over land or sea. A separate colonization has happened from mainland Asia to Japan. Our data also indicate that independent immigration events have happened to Oceania from different continents followed by admixture.
Sonia N Humphris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of volatile microbial secondary metabolites on protein synthesis in Serpula lacrymans
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2002Co-Authors: Sonia N Humphris, Ala Uce, Eldridge J Uultjens, R.e. WheatleyAbstract:The effects of volatile secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma aureoviride on growth rate and protein synthesis in two Serpula lacrymans isolates were investigated. Mycelial growth was affected to differing degrees, depending on the specific interactive microbial couplet involved. Protein synthesis by both S. lacrymans (Forfar) and S. lacrymans (H28) was affected by the volatile secondary metabolites of T. aureoviride and T. viride, but not by those of T. pseudokoningii. Mycelial growth and the original pattern of protein synthesis resumed when the antagonists were removed. It is probable that volatile secondary metabolites have played an important role during the evolution of microorganisms in the context of community, population and functional dynamics.
Dinisafitri Indriani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimasi Penambahan Glukosa Dan Caso4 Terhadap Hasil Degradasi Lignoselulosa Tongkol Jagung Menggunakan Serpula lacrymans Dan Deteksi Keberadaan Asam Ferulat Dan Vanillin
2017Co-Authors: Dinisafitri IndrianiAbstract:Tongkol jagung mengandung lignoselulosa yang dapat dipecah menjadi lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil optimal dari penambahan nutrisi (CaSO4 dan glukosa) terhadap hasil degradasi lignoselulosa tongkol jagung oleh jamur Serpula lacrymans dan mengidentifikasi senyawa asam ferulat dan vanillin pada hasil optimal penambahan nutrisi (CaSO4 dan glukosa) terhadap hasil degradasi lignoselulosa tongkol jagung mengunakan jamur Serpula lacrymans. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan RSM (Response Surface Method) dengan faktor penambahan glukosa (X1), CaSO4 (X2) terhadap repon nilai TSP, TGR, Susut Berat dan pH. Uji senyawa asam ferulat dan vanillin menggunakan instrumen LCMS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spektrometry) pada sampel dengan kombinasi nilai TSP dan proporsi penambahan glukosa dan CaSO4 yang mendekati solusi optimal yaitu nilai TSP 0,102 mg/g dan proporsi penambahan glukosa 1%(g/l) serta CaSO4 0,25%(g/l). Berdasarkan hasil uji senyawa vanillin dan asam ferulat diperoleh hasil positif yang menunjukkan terdapat senyawa asam ferulat dan sinapaldehid, sedangkan senyawa vanillin belum dapat terdeteksi
Azizah Nurul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimasi Penambahan Glukosa Dan Caso4 Pada Hasil Biodegradasi Lignoselulosa Jerami Padi Oleh Jamur Serpula lacrymans Dan Deteksi Keberadaan Asam Ferulat Dan Vanillin
2017Co-Authors: Azizah NurulAbstract:Jerami padi merupakan limbah lignoselulosa yang mengandung 24-38% selulosa, 12-22% hemiselulosa, dan 16-20% lignin. Pretreatment secara biologis oleh Serpula lacrymans dapat mendegradasi lignin. Degradasi lignin akan menghasilkan turunan kimia lignin, seperti asam ferulat dan vanillin. Penambahan nutrisi berupa glukosa dan CaSO4 berperan mengatur mekanisme degradasi lignin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi penambahan glukosa dan CaSO4 sehingga menghasilkan degradasi lignoselulosa optimal dan dapat mendeteksi asam ferulat dan vanillin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Response Surface Method (RSM) dengan rancangan komposit terpusat dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi glukosa dan konsentrasi CaSO4. Parameter lignoselulosa yang digunakan sebagai respon adalah Total Soluble Phenol (TSP), Total Gula Reduksi (TGR), susut berat, dan pH pada lama inkubasi dengan rata-rata nilai tertinggi. Deteksi asam ferulat dan vanillin berdasar optimasi nilai TSP. Hasil penelitian, optimasi dilakukan pada respon TSP, TGR, susut berat, dan pH pada inkubasi 21 hari. Hasil analisis optimasi, penambahan glukosa dan CaSO4 berpengaruh secara kuadratik terhadap TSP. Hasil solusi optimal respon TSP menunjukkan perlakuan optimal diperoleh dengan penambahan glukosa 1% g/L dan CaSO4 1% g/L. Perlakuan tersebut akan menghasilkan prediksi respon TSP sebesar 0,176 mg/g. Hasil deteksi asam ferulat dan vanillin pada sampel dengan nilai TSP 0,184 mg/g, menunjukkan adanya komponen asam ferulat. Tetapi vanillin tidak terdeteksi
Bo Boye Busk Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of cacl2 on growth rate wood decay and oxalic acid accumulation in Serpula lacrymans and related brown rot fungi
Holzforschung, 2006Co-Authors: Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup, Carol A. Clausen, Bo Boye Busk Jensen, Frederick GreenAbstract:The dry rot fungus, Serpula lacrymans, is one of the most destructive copper-tolerant fungi causing timber decay in buildings in temperate regions. Calcium and oxalic acid have been shown to play important roles in the mechanism of wood decay. The effect of calcium on growth and decay was evaluated for 12 strains of S. lacrymans and compared to five brown-rot fungi. This was done by treating copper citrate (CC)-treated Southern yellow pine (SYP) wood with a CaCl2 solution and estimating the decay rate and amount of soluble oxalic acid in an ASTM soil block test. Decay by S. lacrymans was found to be significantly inhibited by treatment with CaCl2 in the presence of copper. In addition, calcium showed no effect on two strains of S. lacrymans and one Serpula himantioides strain in non-copper-treated SYP wood blocks. The growth rate of S. lacrymans was not affected on malt extract agar containing CaCl2. In summary, a marked decrease was observed in the decay capacity of S. lacrymans in pine treated with CCqCaCl2. The amount of soluble oxalic acid was measured in CC-treated blocks and blocks also treated with CaCl2. Of the comparative brown-rot fungi, both Antrodia vaillantii (TFFH 294) and Postia placenta (Mad 698) displayed notable wood decay despite CaCl2 treatment, while the remaining strains were inhibited.
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Tolerance of Serpula lacrymans to copper-based wood preservatives
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2005Co-Authors: Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup, Carol A. Clausen, Frederick Green, Bo Boye Busk JensenAbstract:Serpula lacrymans, the dry rot fungus, is considered the most economically important wood decay fungus in certain temperate regions of the world, namely northern Europe, Japan, and Australia. Previously, copper-based wood preservatives were commonly used for pressure treatment of wood for building construction, but some decay fungi are known to be copper tolerant. In this study, soil-block tests were undertaken to clarify the effect of copper, copper citrate, and alkaline copper quaternary-type D (ACQ-D) on the decay capabilities of S. lacrymans compared with an alternative wood preservative not containing copper. Twelve isolates of the dry rot fungus S. lacrymans and four other brown-rot species were evaluated for weight loss on wood treated with 1.2% copper citrate, 0.5% ACQ-D, and 0.5% naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA). Eleven out of 12 isolates of S. lacrymans were shown to be tolerant towards copper citrate. The ACQ-D and NHA preservatives, on the other hand, were both effective against the dry rot isolates.
