The Experts below are selected from a list of 111 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark Ballow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of action of intravenous immune Serum Globulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1997Co-Authors: Mark BallowAbstract:Abstract Intravenous immune Serum Globulin (IVIG) is primarily used as replacement therapy in patients with hypogammaGlobulinemia. It has been over 15 years since IVIG was first shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Over the past decade, IVIG has been used in the treatment of a number of autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disorders. Although the use of IVIG in many of these immune-mediated disorders was purely speculative initially, we now have a much better understanding of the mechanisms by which IVIG exerts its effects in these autoimmune diseases. IVIG exhibits a number of immune modulatory activities that are mediated by the Fc portion of IgG through the Fcγ receptor on a variety of cell types. Although the major component in IVIG is IgG, other minor components such as solubilized lymphocyte surface membrane determinants and specific antibodies to lymphocyte surface molecules may have important immunoregulatory effects on T- and B-cell immune responses. This review discusses the proposed mechanisms of action of IVIG in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:151-7.)
Chaim M. Roifman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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benefit of intravenously administered immune Serum Globulin in patients with guillain barre syndrome
The Journal of Pediatrics, 1990Co-Authors: Eli Shahar, Gordon E Murphy, Chaim M. RoifmanAbstract:2. Bang HO, Dyerberg J, Sinclair HM. The composition of the Eskimo food in northwestern Greenland. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:2657-61. 3. Ballard-Barbash R, Callaway CW. Marine fish oils: role in preventionn of coronary artery disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:113-8. 4. Dyerberg J, Bang HO. Hemostatic function and platelet polyunsaturated fatty acids in Eskimos. Lancet 1979;2: 433-5. 5. Sanders TAB, Younger KM. The effect of dietary supplements of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on the composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides. Br J Nutr 1981;45:613-6. 6. Knapp HR, Reilly IAG, Alessandrini P, FitzGerald GA. In vivo indexes of platelet and vascular function during fish oil administration in patients with atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:937-42. 7. Lipid Research Clinics Program. Lipid and lipoprotein analysis. Washington, D.C.: National Institutes of Health, 1974; DHEW publication No. (NIH)75-628. (Manual of laboratory operations; vol 1.) 8. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502. 9. Sanders TAB, Naismith D J, Haines AP, Vickers M. Cod-liver oil, platelet fatty acids, and bleeding time [Letter]. Lancet 1980;1:1189. 10. Sanders TAB, Vickers M, Haines AP. Effect on blood lipids and hemostasis of a supplement of cod-liver oil, rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, in healthy young men. Clin Sci 1981;61:317-24.
Michael Fahie-wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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False-positive polyethylene glycol precipitation tests for macroprolactin due to increased Serum Globulins.
Annals of clinical biochemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Beverley Harris, Joseph J R Fernando, Rousseau Gama, Michael Fahie-wilsonAbstract:The polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation test is widely used to detect hyperprolactinaemia caused by macroprolactin. We report two cases of hyperprolactinaemia in which a low recovery of Serum prolactin (PRL) after PEG precipitation indicated the presence of macroprolactin, but no macroprolactin was detected by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Both cases had elevated concentrations of Serum Globulin (IgG myeloma and polyclonal hypergammaGlobulinaemia due to human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection), which prompted us to investigate further the effect of Serum Globulin on the specificity of the PEG precipitation procedure. The effect of increasing concentrations of gamma Globulin on the precipitation of PRL by PEG was studied by adding purified human gamma Globulin to Serum. Ten samples from HIV-infected patients, which showed a low recovery of PRL after PEG precipitation (<60%) were studied with GFC. Addition of gamma Globulin decreased the recovery of PRL following precipitation with PEG and gamma Globulin concentrations correlated inversely with PRL concentrations (r = 0.9429, P < 0.0167) and percentage recovery of PRL (r = -1.000, P < 0.005). Only one out of 10 samples from HIV-infected patients with PRL recoveries of <60% following PEG precipitation showed a substantial macroprolactin component on GFC. Monomeric PRL is co-precipitated with Serum Globulins by PEG. Increased Serum Globulin concentrations can increase the amount of monomeric PRL precipitated by PEG giving a false estimate of the monomeric PRL and the erroneous impression that macroprolactin is present. The results of the PEG precipitation test should be interpreted with caution in patients with elevated Serum Globulin concentrations.
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False-positive polyethylene glycol precipitation tests for macroprolactin due to increased Serum Globulins
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Beverley Harris, Joseph J R Fernando, Rousseau Gama, Michael Fahie-wilsonAbstract:AbstractBackgroundThe polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation test is widely used to detect hyperprolactinaemia caused by macroprolactin. We report two cases of hyperprolactinaemia in which a low recovery of Serum prolactin (PRL) after PEG precipitation indicated the presence of macroprolactin, but no macroprolactin was detected by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Both cases had elevated concentrations of Serum Globulin (IgG myeloma and polyclonal hypergammaGlobulinaemia due to human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection), which prompted us to investigate further the effect of Serum Globulin on the specificity of the PEG precipitation procedure.MethodsThe effect of increasing concentrations of gamma Globulin on the precipitation of PRL by PEG was studied by adding purified human gamma Globulin to Serum. Ten samples from HIV-infected patients, which showed a low recovery of PRL after PEG precipitation (
F Palumbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sexual transmission of the hepatitis c virus and efficacy of prophylaxis with intramuscular immune Serum Globulin a randomized controlled trial
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: M Piazza, Luciano Sagliocca, G Tosone, Vincenzo Guadagnino, Maria Antonietta Stazi, R Orlando, Guglielmo Borgia, Domenico Rosa, Sergio Abrignani, F PalumboAbstract:Objectives: To estimate the risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C and to assess the value of prophylaxis with periodic intramuscular immune Serum Globulin administration. Methods: Of 1102 steady heterosexual partners of patients with antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), 899 were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. All the partners tested negative for antibodies to HCV and had normal baseline Serum aminotransferase concentrations. The partners were assigned to receive 4 mL of 16% polyvalent immune Serum Globulin prepared from unscreened donors every 2 months (n=450) or a placebo (n=449). Tests for HCV infection were performed every 4 months. Results: Eight hundred eighty-four partners completed the study. Seven partners became infected with HCV: 6 in the control group (incidence density, 12.00 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-21.61) and 1 in the immune Serum Globulin group (incidence density, 1.98 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval, 0-5.86). The risk of infection was significantly higher for partners in the control group ( P =.03): for each year approximately 1% of the partners became infected. Sequence homology studies strongly suggest the sexual transmission of HCV. All immune Serum Globulin lots used had high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of neutralizing antibodies to HCV envelope glycoproteins and high neutralization titers in the neutralization of binding assay. Conclusions: Hepatitis C can be sexually transmitted. Immune Serum Globulin prepared from unscreened donors significantly reduced the risk. The treatment was safe and well tolerated. Because only immune Serum Globulin from unscreened donors (and not from those screened for HCV) contain anti-HCV neutralizing antibodies, hyperimmune anti-HCV immune Serum Globulin should be prepared from blood testing positive for antibodies to HCV, which is currently discarded. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1537-1544
Yu Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low pretreatment Serum Globulin may predict favorable prognosis for gastric cancer patients
Tumor Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Jie Chen, Ye Zhou, Yu XuAbstract:An elevated Serum albumin (ALB) and albumin/Globulin ratio (AGR) have been reported to be associated with a favorable prognosis for several types of cancer. However, little is known about prognostic significance of Globulin (GLB) in gastric cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether GLB, ALB, and AGR analysis could predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. A retrospective cohort of 186 patients with gastric cancer followed by radical surgery was recruited between January 2007 and December 2010. Levels for preoperative GLB and ALB were obtained and used to calculate the AGR. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of GLB, ALB, and AGR. X-tile program determined 37.6, 33.4, and 1.33 as the optimal cutoff value for ALB, GLB, and AGR in terms of survival. Univariate analysis revealed that low GLB levels were significantly associated with favorable survival (P = 0.045). Conversely, low ALB levels were associated with a significantly worse survival (P = 0.000). In conclusion, low preoperative GLB level may serve as a valuable marker to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
