The Experts below are selected from a list of 96 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert C. N. Pilawa-podgurski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Series-Stacked Power Delivery Architecture With Isolated Differential Power Conversion for Data Centers
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016Co-Authors: Enver Candan, Pradeep S. Shenoy, Robert C. N. Pilawa-podgurskiAbstract:In this paper, an alternative method to achieve more efficient dc power distribution and voltage regulation for future data centers is presented. This paper describes a series-stacked power delivery architecture, where Servers are connected electrically in series, thereby, providing inherent step down of voltage. Server voltage regulation is performed by differential power converters, which only process the mismatch power between Servers. The bulk power flows with no power processing, yielding greatly increased system efficiency compared to conventional architectures. We demonstrate the series-connected architecture with an experimental proof of concept and compare the proposed architecture with a conventional dc power delivery architecture employing a best-in-class power supply unit for Servers. The proposed power delivery architecture is validated with a series-stacked Server Rack consisting of four 12 V Servers, powered from a 48 V dc bus, performing two different real-world operations: web traffic management and computation. Through experimental measurements, we demonstrate up to a 40x reduction in power conversion losses compared to state-of-the-art hardware, and an overall best-case system conversion efficiency of 99.89%.
Enver Candan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Series-Stacked Power Delivery Architecture With Isolated Differential Power Conversion for Data Centers
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016Co-Authors: Enver Candan, Pradeep S. Shenoy, Robert C. N. Pilawa-podgurskiAbstract:In this paper, an alternative method to achieve more efficient dc power distribution and voltage regulation for future data centers is presented. This paper describes a series-stacked power delivery architecture, where Servers are connected electrically in series, thereby, providing inherent step down of voltage. Server voltage regulation is performed by differential power converters, which only process the mismatch power between Servers. The bulk power flows with no power processing, yielding greatly increased system efficiency compared to conventional architectures. We demonstrate the series-connected architecture with an experimental proof of concept and compare the proposed architecture with a conventional dc power delivery architecture employing a best-in-class power supply unit for Servers. The proposed power delivery architecture is validated with a series-stacked Server Rack consisting of four 12 V Servers, powered from a 48 V dc bus, performing two different real-world operations: web traffic management and computation. Through experimental measurements, we demonstrate up to a 40x reduction in power conversion losses compared to state-of-the-art hardware, and an overall best-case system conversion efficiency of 99.89%.
Saman K Halgamuge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a review on efficient thermal management of air and liquid cooled data centers from chip to the cooling system
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Ali Habibi Khalaj, Saman K HalgamugeAbstract:Abstract The growing global demand for services offered by data centers (DCs) has increased their total power consumption and carbon emissions. Recent figures revealed that DCs account for around 2% of total US electrical power consumption, approximately 40% of which is for powering their cooling systems. A high portion of energy spent on cooling is typically due to the inherent inefficiency of the heat removal process existing in multi-level from microchip to the cooling infrastructure level. Depending on the type of cooling system, air-cooled or liquid-cooled, this inefficiency can be significantly improved upon by utilizing various thermal management and efficiency enhancement techniques at each level. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of multi-level thermal management techniques for both air- and liquid-cooled DCs. The main focus is on the sources of inefficiencies and the improvement methods with their configuration features and performances at each level. For the air-cooled DCs, various advanced methods for the chip, Server, Rack, plenum and room levels have been reviewed. Recent advances in thermal modelling of air-cooled DCs and their energy optimization methods have also been broadly reviewed. Furthermore, the performance of various methods such as pool boiling, jet impingement, and spray cooling for direct liquid-cooled DCs and single-phase, two-phase and heat pipe cooling for indirect liquid-cooled DCs have been compared. Finally, free cooling as an energy efficient method in reducing total power consumption of DCs’ cooling system has been reviewed in this paper. The advancements in two main types of free cooling methods, air-side and water-side economizers, are discussed and their performance characteristics are compared.
Pradeep S. Shenoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Series-Stacked Power Delivery Architecture With Isolated Differential Power Conversion for Data Centers
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016Co-Authors: Enver Candan, Pradeep S. Shenoy, Robert C. N. Pilawa-podgurskiAbstract:In this paper, an alternative method to achieve more efficient dc power distribution and voltage regulation for future data centers is presented. This paper describes a series-stacked power delivery architecture, where Servers are connected electrically in series, thereby, providing inherent step down of voltage. Server voltage regulation is performed by differential power converters, which only process the mismatch power between Servers. The bulk power flows with no power processing, yielding greatly increased system efficiency compared to conventional architectures. We demonstrate the series-connected architecture with an experimental proof of concept and compare the proposed architecture with a conventional dc power delivery architecture employing a best-in-class power supply unit for Servers. The proposed power delivery architecture is validated with a series-stacked Server Rack consisting of four 12 V Servers, powered from a 48 V dc bus, performing two different real-world operations: web traffic management and computation. Through experimental measurements, we demonstrate up to a 40x reduction in power conversion losses compared to state-of-the-art hardware, and an overall best-case system conversion efficiency of 99.89%.
Ali Habibi Khalaj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a review on efficient thermal management of air and liquid cooled data centers from chip to the cooling system
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Ali Habibi Khalaj, Saman K HalgamugeAbstract:Abstract The growing global demand for services offered by data centers (DCs) has increased their total power consumption and carbon emissions. Recent figures revealed that DCs account for around 2% of total US electrical power consumption, approximately 40% of which is for powering their cooling systems. A high portion of energy spent on cooling is typically due to the inherent inefficiency of the heat removal process existing in multi-level from microchip to the cooling infrastructure level. Depending on the type of cooling system, air-cooled or liquid-cooled, this inefficiency can be significantly improved upon by utilizing various thermal management and efficiency enhancement techniques at each level. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of multi-level thermal management techniques for both air- and liquid-cooled DCs. The main focus is on the sources of inefficiencies and the improvement methods with their configuration features and performances at each level. For the air-cooled DCs, various advanced methods for the chip, Server, Rack, plenum and room levels have been reviewed. Recent advances in thermal modelling of air-cooled DCs and their energy optimization methods have also been broadly reviewed. Furthermore, the performance of various methods such as pool boiling, jet impingement, and spray cooling for direct liquid-cooled DCs and single-phase, two-phase and heat pipe cooling for indirect liquid-cooled DCs have been compared. Finally, free cooling as an energy efficient method in reducing total power consumption of DCs’ cooling system has been reviewed in this paper. The advancements in two main types of free cooling methods, air-side and water-side economizers, are discussed and their performance characteristics are compared.
