The Experts below are selected from a list of 225 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Radisav D Vidic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of Pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide consumption in drinking water distribution systems
Water Research, 2008Co-Authors: Zhe Zhang, Janet E Stout, Victor L Yu, Radisav D VidicAbstract:Abstract Previous studies showed that temperature and total organic carbon in drinking water would cause chlorine dioxide (ClO2) loss in a water distribution system and affect the efficiency of ClO2 for Legionella control. However, among the various causes of ClO2 loss in a drinking water distribution system, the loss of disinfectant due to the reaction with corrosion scales has not been studied in detail. In this study, the corrosion scales from a galvanized iron Pipe and a copper Pipe that have been in Service for more than 10 years were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impact of these corrosion scale materials on ClO2 decay was investigated in de-ionized water at 25 and 45 °C in a batch reactor with floating glass cover. ClO2 decay was also investigated in a specially designed reactor made from the iron and copper Pipes to obtain more realistic reaction rate data. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were identified as the main components of iron corrosion scale. Cuprite (Cu2O) was identified as the major component of copper corrosion scale. The reaction rate of ClO2 with both iron and copper oxides followed a first-order kinetics. First-order decay rate constants for ClO2 reactions with iron corrosion scales obtained from the used Service Pipe and in the iron Pipe reactor itself ranged from 0.025 to 0.083 min−1. The decay rate constant for ClO2 with Cu2O powder and in the copper Pipe reactor was much smaller and it ranged from 0.0052 to 0.0062 min−1. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO2 loss in corroded iron Pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon that may be present in finished water.
-
Effect of Pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide consumption in drinking water distribution systems.
Water research, 2007Co-Authors: Zhe Zhang, Janet E Stout, Victor L Yu, Radisav D VidicAbstract:Previous studies showed that temperature and total organic carbon in drinking water would cause chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) loss in a water distribution system and affect the efficiency of ClO(2) for Legionella control. However, among the various causes of ClO(2) loss in a drinking water distribution system, the loss of disinfectant due to the reaction with corrosion scales has not been studied in detail. In this study, the corrosion scales from a galvanized iron Pipe and a copper Pipe that have been in Service for more than 10 years were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impact of these corrosion scale materials on ClO(2) decay was investigated in de-ionized water at 25 and 45 degrees C in a batch reactor with floating glass cover. ClO(2) decay was also investigated in a specially designed reactor made from the iron and copper Pipes to obtain more realistic reaction rate data. Goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) were identified as the main components of iron corrosion scale. Cuprite (Cu(2)O) was identified as the major component of copper corrosion scale. The reaction rate of ClO(2) with both iron and copper oxides followed a first-order kinetics. First-order decay rate constants for ClO(2) reactions with iron corrosion scales obtained from the used Service Pipe and in the iron Pipe reactor itself ranged from 0.025 to 0.083 min(-1). The decay rate constant for ClO(2) with Cu(2)O powder and in the copper Pipe reactor was much smaller and it ranged from 0.0052 to 0.0062 min(-1). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO(2) loss in corroded iron Pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon that may be present in finished water.
Yanatra Budi Pramana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
analysis of loss water on Pipe distribution non revenue water nrw network pdam surya sembada city of surabaya with causal loop diagram cld
Tibuana, 2018Co-Authors: Yanatra Budi PramanaAbstract:Water is an important supporting factor in humanlife. The problem of clean water in an area is managed by Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Surabaya. PDAM Surya Sembada as a water management company in Surabaya is expected to be able to distributethe needs of clean water, however, in the distribution network, sometimes experiencing problems that cause water is not fully channeled to the customer, to overcome this problem, the Causal Loop Diagram approach is used to identify the cause of the water loss,after knowing these factors, we have been made model with Causal Loop model,to calculate the water loss that occurred, in PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya especially DMA 109 using Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) method. The Causal Loop Diagram approach, various causes of water loss include: physical water loss caused by reservoir leakage, transmission line leakage and distribution Pipeline leakage; non physical water loss caused by meter fault, wild connection and water theft. Based on the data obtained, obtained NRW value at DMA 109 of 439.455.72 m3 / year or by 25% with a loss of 329.591.8 m3 / year. Service Pipe leakage up to the customer meter is 1.757.822.8 m3 / year.
-
ANALYSIS OF LOSS WATER ON Pipe DISTRIBUTION ”NON REVENUE WATER (NRW)” NETWORK PDAM SURYA SEMBADA CITY OF SURABAYA WITH CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD)
2018Co-Authors: Yanatra Budi PramanaAbstract:Water is an important supporting factor in humanlife. The problem of clean water in an area is managed by Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Surabaya. PDAM Surya Sembada as a water management company in Surabaya is expected to be able to distributethe needs of clean water, however, in the distribution network, sometimes experiencing problems that cause water is not fully channeled to the customer, to overcome this problem, the Causal Loop Diagram approach is used to identify the cause of the water loss,after knowing these factors, we have been made model with Causal Loop model,to calculate the water loss that occurred, in PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya especially DMA 109 using Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) method. The Causal Loop Diagram approach, various causes of water loss include: physical water loss caused by reservoir leakage, transmission line leakage and distribution Pipeline leakage; non physical water loss caused by meter fault, wild connection and water theft. Based on the data obtained, obtained NRW value at DMA 109 of 439.455.72 m3 / year or by 25% with a loss of 329.591.8 m3 / year. Service Pipe leakage up to the customer meter is 1.757.822.8 m3 / year.
Andrej Atrens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
analysis of Service stress corrosion cracking in a natural gas transmission Pipeline active or dormant
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2004Co-Authors: J Wang, Andrej AtrensAbstract:Abstract Stress corrosion cracks (SCC) had been found in a natural gas transmission Pipeline during a dig-up and inspection program. The question was raised as to whether the SCC was active or dormant. This paper describes the resultant investigation to determine if a particular Service crack was actively growing. The strategy adopted was to assess the appearance of the fracture surface of the Service crack and to compare with expectations from laboratory specimens with active SCC. The conclusions from this study are as follows. To judge whether a crack in the Service Pipe is active or dormant, it is reasonable to compare the very crack tip of the Service crack and a fresh crack in a laboratory sample. If the crack tip of the active laboratory sample is similar to that of the Service Pipe, it means the crack in the Service Pipe is likely to be active. From the comparison of the crack tip between the Service Pipe and the laboratory samples, it appears likely that the cracks in the samples extracted from Service were most likely to have been active intergranular stress corrosion cracks.
-
Analysis of Service stress corrosion cracking in a natural gas transmission Pipeline, active or dormant?
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2004Co-Authors: J Wang, Andrej AtrensAbstract:Stress corrosion cracks (SCC) had been found in a natural gas transmission Pipeline during a dig-up and inspection program. The question was raised as to whether the SCC was active or dormant. This paper describes the resultant investigation to determine if a particular Service crack was actively growing. The strategy adopted was to assess the appearance of the fracture surface of the Service crack and to compare with expectations from laboratory specimens with active SCC. The conclusions from this study are as follows. To judge whether a crack in the Service Pipe is active or dormant, it is reasonable to compare the very crack tip of the Service crack and a fresh crack in a laboratory sample. If the crack tip of the active laboratory sample is similar to that of the Service Pipe, it means the crack in the Service Pipe is likely to be active. From the comparison of the crack tip between the Service Pipe and the laboratory samples, it appears likely that the cracks in the samples extracted from Service were most likely to have been active intergranular stress corrosion cracks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Zhe Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of Pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide consumption in drinking water distribution systems
Water Research, 2008Co-Authors: Zhe Zhang, Janet E Stout, Victor L Yu, Radisav D VidicAbstract:Abstract Previous studies showed that temperature and total organic carbon in drinking water would cause chlorine dioxide (ClO2) loss in a water distribution system and affect the efficiency of ClO2 for Legionella control. However, among the various causes of ClO2 loss in a drinking water distribution system, the loss of disinfectant due to the reaction with corrosion scales has not been studied in detail. In this study, the corrosion scales from a galvanized iron Pipe and a copper Pipe that have been in Service for more than 10 years were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impact of these corrosion scale materials on ClO2 decay was investigated in de-ionized water at 25 and 45 °C in a batch reactor with floating glass cover. ClO2 decay was also investigated in a specially designed reactor made from the iron and copper Pipes to obtain more realistic reaction rate data. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were identified as the main components of iron corrosion scale. Cuprite (Cu2O) was identified as the major component of copper corrosion scale. The reaction rate of ClO2 with both iron and copper oxides followed a first-order kinetics. First-order decay rate constants for ClO2 reactions with iron corrosion scales obtained from the used Service Pipe and in the iron Pipe reactor itself ranged from 0.025 to 0.083 min−1. The decay rate constant for ClO2 with Cu2O powder and in the copper Pipe reactor was much smaller and it ranged from 0.0052 to 0.0062 min−1. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO2 loss in corroded iron Pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon that may be present in finished water.
-
Effect of Pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide consumption in drinking water distribution systems.
Water research, 2007Co-Authors: Zhe Zhang, Janet E Stout, Victor L Yu, Radisav D VidicAbstract:Previous studies showed that temperature and total organic carbon in drinking water would cause chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) loss in a water distribution system and affect the efficiency of ClO(2) for Legionella control. However, among the various causes of ClO(2) loss in a drinking water distribution system, the loss of disinfectant due to the reaction with corrosion scales has not been studied in detail. In this study, the corrosion scales from a galvanized iron Pipe and a copper Pipe that have been in Service for more than 10 years were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impact of these corrosion scale materials on ClO(2) decay was investigated in de-ionized water at 25 and 45 degrees C in a batch reactor with floating glass cover. ClO(2) decay was also investigated in a specially designed reactor made from the iron and copper Pipes to obtain more realistic reaction rate data. Goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) were identified as the main components of iron corrosion scale. Cuprite (Cu(2)O) was identified as the major component of copper corrosion scale. The reaction rate of ClO(2) with both iron and copper oxides followed a first-order kinetics. First-order decay rate constants for ClO(2) reactions with iron corrosion scales obtained from the used Service Pipe and in the iron Pipe reactor itself ranged from 0.025 to 0.083 min(-1). The decay rate constant for ClO(2) with Cu(2)O powder and in the copper Pipe reactor was much smaller and it ranged from 0.0052 to 0.0062 min(-1). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO(2) loss in corroded iron Pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon that may be present in finished water.
J Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
analysis of Service stress corrosion cracking in a natural gas transmission Pipeline active or dormant
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2004Co-Authors: J Wang, Andrej AtrensAbstract:Abstract Stress corrosion cracks (SCC) had been found in a natural gas transmission Pipeline during a dig-up and inspection program. The question was raised as to whether the SCC was active or dormant. This paper describes the resultant investigation to determine if a particular Service crack was actively growing. The strategy adopted was to assess the appearance of the fracture surface of the Service crack and to compare with expectations from laboratory specimens with active SCC. The conclusions from this study are as follows. To judge whether a crack in the Service Pipe is active or dormant, it is reasonable to compare the very crack tip of the Service crack and a fresh crack in a laboratory sample. If the crack tip of the active laboratory sample is similar to that of the Service Pipe, it means the crack in the Service Pipe is likely to be active. From the comparison of the crack tip between the Service Pipe and the laboratory samples, it appears likely that the cracks in the samples extracted from Service were most likely to have been active intergranular stress corrosion cracks.
-
Analysis of Service stress corrosion cracking in a natural gas transmission Pipeline, active or dormant?
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2004Co-Authors: J Wang, Andrej AtrensAbstract:Stress corrosion cracks (SCC) had been found in a natural gas transmission Pipeline during a dig-up and inspection program. The question was raised as to whether the SCC was active or dormant. This paper describes the resultant investigation to determine if a particular Service crack was actively growing. The strategy adopted was to assess the appearance of the fracture surface of the Service crack and to compare with expectations from laboratory specimens with active SCC. The conclusions from this study are as follows. To judge whether a crack in the Service Pipe is active or dormant, it is reasonable to compare the very crack tip of the Service crack and a fresh crack in a laboratory sample. If the crack tip of the active laboratory sample is similar to that of the Service Pipe, it means the crack in the Service Pipe is likely to be active. From the comparison of the crack tip between the Service Pipe and the laboratory samples, it appears likely that the cracks in the samples extracted from Service were most likely to have been active intergranular stress corrosion cracks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.