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Gudrun Massmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long-term transport behavior of psychoactive compounds in Sewage-affected groundwater
Grundwasser, 2016Co-Authors: Hang Thuy Thi Nham, Ulrike Hass, Janek Greskowiak, Enrico Hamann, Raffaella Meffe, Gudrun MassmannAbstract:The present study provides a model-based characterization of the long-term transport behavior of five psychoactive compounds (meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide) introduced into groundwater via Sewage irrigation in Berlin, Germany. Compounds are still present in the groundwater despite the Sewage Farm closure in the year 1980. Due to the limited information on (i) compound concentrations in the source water and (ii) substance properties, a total of 180 cross-sectional model realizations for each compound were carried out, covering a large range of possible parameter combinations. Results were compared with the present-day contamination patterns in the aquifer and the most likely scenarios were identified based on a number of model performance criteria. The simulation results show that (i) compounds are highly persistent under the present field conditions, and (ii) sorption is insignificant. Thus, back-diffusion from low permeability zones appears as the main reason for the compound retardation. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht mit modellbasierten Methoden das Langzeitverhalten von 5 psychoaktiven Substanzen (Meprobamat, Pyrithyldion, Primidon, Phenobarbital und Phenylethylmalonamid) im Grundwasser abstromig eines ehemaligen Rieselfeldes in Berlin. Trotz der Einstellung der Abwasserverrieselung im Jahre 1980 finden sich die Substanzen noch in messbaren Konzentrationen im Grundwasser. Aufgrund der spärlichen Datenlage bezüglich (i) der historischen Konzentrationen im verdieseltem Abwasser und (ii) Abbaubarkeit und Sorptionseigenschaften, wurden mit einem Grundwasserströmung- und Transportmodell des Standorts 180 Realisationen zur Abbildung einer großen Zahl möglicher Parameterkombinationen und des Einflusses auf das Ausbreitungsverhalten pro Substanz durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe verschiedener Modellanpassungskriterien wurden die wahrscheinlichsten Szenarien identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass (i) die Substanzen unter den vorliegenden Feldbedingungen extrem persistent sind und (ii) Sorption nicht signifikant ist. Die beobachtete starke Retardation der Substanzen im Aquifer scheint alleine durch eine langsame Rückdiffusion aus ehemalig kontaminierten, hydraulisch schlechtdurchlässigen Zonen unterhalb des Rieselfeldes begründet zu sein.
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Long-term transport behavior of psychoactive compounds in Sewage-affected groundwater
Grundwasser, 2016Co-Authors: Hang Thuy Thi Nham, Ulrike Hass, Janek Greskowiak, Enrico Hamann, Raffaella Meffe, Gudrun MassmannAbstract:The present study provides a model-based characterization of the long-term transport behavior of five psychoactive compounds (meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide) introduced into groundwater via Sewage irrigation in Berlin, Germany. Compounds are still present in the groundwater despite the Sewage Farm closure in the year 1980. Due to the limited information on (i) compound concentrations in the source water and (ii) substance properties, a total of 180 cross-sectional model realizations for each compound were carried out, covering a large range of possible parameter combinations. Results were compared with the present-day contamination patterns in the aquifer and the most likely scenarios were identified based on a number of model performance criteria. The simulation results show that (i) compounds are highly persistent under the present field conditions, and (ii) sorption is insignificant. Thus, back-diffusion from low permeability zones appears as the main reason for the compound retardation.
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occurrence of psychoactive compounds and their metabolites in groundwater downgradient of a decommissioned Sewage Farm in berlin germany
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012Co-Authors: Ulrike Hass, Uwe Dunnbier, Gudrun MassmannAbstract:Purpose Psychoactive compounds—meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, and its metabolites, phenobarbital, and phenylethylmalonamide—were detected in groundwater within the catchment area of a drinking water treatment plant located downgradient of a former Sewage Farm in Berlin, Germany. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the psychoactive compounds in anoxic groundwater and to assess the risk of drinking water contamination. Groundwater age was determined to achieve a better understanding of present hydrogeological conditions.
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investigation of the fate of sulfonamides downgradient of a decommissioned Sewage Farm near berlin germany
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2009Co-Authors: Doreen Richter, Gudrun Massmann, Thomas Taute, Uwe DuennbierAbstract:Abstract The drinking water production of a drinking water treatment plant in Berlin is affected by ambient contaminated groundwater. The three organic compounds para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), ortho-toluenesulfonamide (o-TSA) and benzenesulfonamide (BSA) were identified in the catchment area of this plant. The groundwater pollution is a result of former Sewage Farm irrigation in the area, operating for almost 70 years until the 1980s. The distribution of the sulfonamides in the anoxic groundwater was investigated, and a large number of observation and production wells were sampled for this purpose. The contaminant plume is 25 m ⁎ 3000 m ⁎ 2000 m (depth, length, width) in size. The high concentrations of p-TSA, o-TSA and BSA in the groundwater show that the sulfonamides persist over decades in an anoxic aquifer environment. Groundwater quality assessment revealed that elevated concentrations of the analytes can be expected in the abstraction well galleries in the future. Therefore, sulfonamides should periodically be monitored in the drinking water (maximum allowed concentration of 0.30 µg/L of p-TSA and for o-TSA and BSA, a limit of 0.10 µg/L for unknown substances applies). Because of the widespread application and the persistence of the sulfonamides under anoxic conditions, our local investigations suggest that the substances may generally be present in groundwater under the influence of Sewage irrigation. Incubation experiments were conducted under in situ hydrostatic pressure to study the behaviour of these trace organic compounds under different redox conditions (oxic and anoxic). Groundwater sampling equipment was either sterilised or not sterilised in order to distinguish between microbiological processes occurring in the aquifer and those representing sampling and storage artefacts (incubation experiments). Results showed that the addition of oxygen to the anoxic groundwater facilitates p-TSA and o-TSA degradation. Hence, while the substances are persistent under anoxic conditions, they are more degradable in the presence of oxygen. Results also illustrate that maintaining anoxic conditions or applying appropriate preservation techniques is necessary to ensure accurate analysis.
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Identification and significance of sulphonamides (p-TSA, o-TSA, BSA) in an urban water cycle (Berlin, Germany).
Water Research, 2008Co-Authors: Doreen Richter, Gudrun Massmann, Uwe DunnbierAbstract:Because of the nature of the water cycle in Berlin, a number of persistent wastewater residues are present in the surface water and may potentially reach the groundwater via bank filtration and artificial recharge. The occurrence and behaviour of the wastewater residues para-toluenesulphonamide (p-TSA), ortho-toluenesulphonamide (o-TSA) and benzenesulphonamide (BSA) through wastewater treatment, surface water, bank filtration and drinking water treatment was studied. In addition, groundwater below a former Sewage Farm was investigated. All three compounds are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment of Berlin. p-TSA concentrations are much higher than those of o-TSA and BSA. p-TSA was found in high concentrations in the wastewater influent (2 to 15 μg/L), in the wastewater effluent (
Grzegorz Orlowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors affecting the use of waste stabilization ponds by birds a case study of conservation implications of a Sewage Farm in europe
Ecological Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Grzegorz OrlowskiAbstract:Abstract The progressive loss of natural wetlands globally means that anthropogenic water reservoirs are increasingly important as habitat for wetland bird species. During yearly bird counts (in one-week intervals) on seven waste-stabilization ponds (size range = 0.379–4.450 ha; total = 8.392 ha) located on a large Sewage Farm in a Wroclaw city suburb (south-west Poland), I recorded a total of 7776 individuals from 84 bird species. The most numerous bird guild was waterbirds (45.8% of the community), followed by shorebirds (35.7%), passerines (14.9%) and aerial feeders (3.5%). In general, the density (including all bird guilds) and species diversity of birds was positively related to the bed exposure and ‘naturalness’ (artificial ≈ small ponds with preliminary treatment versus natural ≈ large ponds after preliminary treatment) of the waste-stabilization ponds. The compulsory European Union (EU) law regulating urban wastewater treatment (The Council Directive 91/271/EEC, Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive) does not permit use of open Sewage Farms as a method of treatment for domestic and other wastewater. In many new EU member states, the Sewage fields are still used, although this method of Sewage treatment will function only until 2015, and after that all wastewater must be purified in modern Sewage treatment works. It is recommended that areas historically used as Sewage Farms located on the outskirts of large cities should be converted into protected areas. However, due to the contamination of invertebrates that inhabit and emerge from Sewage treatment works, and the potential high risk of detrimental effects on bird species that feed on such prey, empty waste-stabilization ponds should be re-filled with clean natural water sources such as rain and spring water or alternatively with well-treated waste water. The strategy for managing such areas requires a proper water regime and maintenance of the periodically dry bottom, a crucial feeding area for birds.
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substantial contribution of invertebrates to the diet of a winter seed eater the reed bunting emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south western poland
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013Co-Authors: Grzegorz Orlowski, Jerzy Karg, Joanna CzarneckaAbstract:We investigated whether the winter diet of a typical seed-eating bird is hard-wired in the context of evolutionary hypothesis for granivory. We examined the diet composition of ‘a small-billed form’ of the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south-western Poland (Central Europe), where unfrozen wastewater provides various groups of invertebrate prey. The analysis of droppings (N = 151) collected from four different feeding grounds located in reedbeds and grasslands inundated with waste-water showed the substantial contribution of invertebrates in the diet of reed buntings. Across four sample areas, the frequency of invertebrates in faecal samples ranged between 37% to 80%. In total, we identified 194 animal prey, mainly spiders Araneae (53% of all identified invertebrate prey), and several taxa of Coleoptera (43%). Among plant food (N = 8357 identified items), the most numerous were shells of weed seeds, namely Amaranthus sp. (56.8%), Urtica dioica (22.6%), and Chenopodium sp. (19.6%). Our results showed that, during winter, the reed bunting is not an obligatory seed-eater. This species may exploit both animal and plant food; hence, our results indicate that the reed buntings wintering in temperate Europe may feed more opportunistically than was previously assumed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 429–433.
Joanna Czarnecka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substantial contribution of invertebrates to the diet of a winter seed eater the reed bunting emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south western poland
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013Co-Authors: Grzegorz Orlowski, Jerzy Karg, Joanna CzarneckaAbstract:We investigated whether the winter diet of a typical seed-eating bird is hard-wired in the context of evolutionary hypothesis for granivory. We examined the diet composition of ‘a small-billed form’ of the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south-western Poland (Central Europe), where unfrozen wastewater provides various groups of invertebrate prey. The analysis of droppings (N = 151) collected from four different feeding grounds located in reedbeds and grasslands inundated with waste-water showed the substantial contribution of invertebrates in the diet of reed buntings. Across four sample areas, the frequency of invertebrates in faecal samples ranged between 37% to 80%. In total, we identified 194 animal prey, mainly spiders Araneae (53% of all identified invertebrate prey), and several taxa of Coleoptera (43%). Among plant food (N = 8357 identified items), the most numerous were shells of weed seeds, namely Amaranthus sp. (56.8%), Urtica dioica (22.6%), and Chenopodium sp. (19.6%). Our results showed that, during winter, the reed bunting is not an obligatory seed-eater. This species may exploit both animal and plant food; hence, our results indicate that the reed buntings wintering in temperate Europe may feed more opportunistically than was previously assumed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 429–433.
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Substantial contribution of invertebrates to the diet of a winter seed‐eater, the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus, wintering in a Sewage Farm in south‐western Poland
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013Co-Authors: Grzegorz Orłowski, Jerzy Karg, Joanna CzarneckaAbstract:We investigated whether the winter diet of a typical seed-eating bird is hard-wired in the context of evolutionary hypothesis for granivory. We examined the diet composition of ‘a small-billed form’ of the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south-western Poland (Central Europe), where unfrozen wastewater provides various groups of invertebrate prey. The analysis of droppings (N = 151) collected from four different feeding grounds located in reedbeds and grasslands inundated with waste-water showed the substantial contribution of invertebrates in the diet of reed buntings. Across four sample areas, the frequency of invertebrates in faecal samples ranged between 37% to 80%. In total, we identified 194 animal prey, mainly spiders Araneae (53% of all identified invertebrate prey), and several taxa of Coleoptera (43%). Among plant food (N = 8357 identified items), the most numerous were shells of weed seeds, namely Amaranthus sp. (56.8%), Urtica dioica (22.6%), and Chenopodium sp. (19.6%). Our results showed that, during winter, the reed bunting is not an obligatory seed-eater. This species may exploit both animal and plant food; hence, our results indicate that the reed buntings wintering in temperate Europe may feed more opportunistically than was previously assumed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 429–433.
Ulrike Hass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long-term transport behavior of psychoactive compounds in Sewage-affected groundwater
Grundwasser, 2016Co-Authors: Hang Thuy Thi Nham, Ulrike Hass, Janek Greskowiak, Enrico Hamann, Raffaella Meffe, Gudrun MassmannAbstract:The present study provides a model-based characterization of the long-term transport behavior of five psychoactive compounds (meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide) introduced into groundwater via Sewage irrigation in Berlin, Germany. Compounds are still present in the groundwater despite the Sewage Farm closure in the year 1980. Due to the limited information on (i) compound concentrations in the source water and (ii) substance properties, a total of 180 cross-sectional model realizations for each compound were carried out, covering a large range of possible parameter combinations. Results were compared with the present-day contamination patterns in the aquifer and the most likely scenarios were identified based on a number of model performance criteria. The simulation results show that (i) compounds are highly persistent under the present field conditions, and (ii) sorption is insignificant. Thus, back-diffusion from low permeability zones appears as the main reason for the compound retardation. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht mit modellbasierten Methoden das Langzeitverhalten von 5 psychoaktiven Substanzen (Meprobamat, Pyrithyldion, Primidon, Phenobarbital und Phenylethylmalonamid) im Grundwasser abstromig eines ehemaligen Rieselfeldes in Berlin. Trotz der Einstellung der Abwasserverrieselung im Jahre 1980 finden sich die Substanzen noch in messbaren Konzentrationen im Grundwasser. Aufgrund der spärlichen Datenlage bezüglich (i) der historischen Konzentrationen im verdieseltem Abwasser und (ii) Abbaubarkeit und Sorptionseigenschaften, wurden mit einem Grundwasserströmung- und Transportmodell des Standorts 180 Realisationen zur Abbildung einer großen Zahl möglicher Parameterkombinationen und des Einflusses auf das Ausbreitungsverhalten pro Substanz durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe verschiedener Modellanpassungskriterien wurden die wahrscheinlichsten Szenarien identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass (i) die Substanzen unter den vorliegenden Feldbedingungen extrem persistent sind und (ii) Sorption nicht signifikant ist. Die beobachtete starke Retardation der Substanzen im Aquifer scheint alleine durch eine langsame Rückdiffusion aus ehemalig kontaminierten, hydraulisch schlechtdurchlässigen Zonen unterhalb des Rieselfeldes begründet zu sein.
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Long-term transport behavior of psychoactive compounds in Sewage-affected groundwater
Grundwasser, 2016Co-Authors: Hang Thuy Thi Nham, Ulrike Hass, Janek Greskowiak, Enrico Hamann, Raffaella Meffe, Gudrun MassmannAbstract:The present study provides a model-based characterization of the long-term transport behavior of five psychoactive compounds (meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide) introduced into groundwater via Sewage irrigation in Berlin, Germany. Compounds are still present in the groundwater despite the Sewage Farm closure in the year 1980. Due to the limited information on (i) compound concentrations in the source water and (ii) substance properties, a total of 180 cross-sectional model realizations for each compound were carried out, covering a large range of possible parameter combinations. Results were compared with the present-day contamination patterns in the aquifer and the most likely scenarios were identified based on a number of model performance criteria. The simulation results show that (i) compounds are highly persistent under the present field conditions, and (ii) sorption is insignificant. Thus, back-diffusion from low permeability zones appears as the main reason for the compound retardation.
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occurrence of psychoactive compounds and their metabolites in groundwater downgradient of a decommissioned Sewage Farm in berlin germany
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012Co-Authors: Ulrike Hass, Uwe Dunnbier, Gudrun MassmannAbstract:Purpose Psychoactive compounds—meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, and its metabolites, phenobarbital, and phenylethylmalonamide—were detected in groundwater within the catchment area of a drinking water treatment plant located downgradient of a former Sewage Farm in Berlin, Germany. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the psychoactive compounds in anoxic groundwater and to assess the risk of drinking water contamination. Groundwater age was determined to achieve a better understanding of present hydrogeological conditions.
Jerzy Karg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substantial contribution of invertebrates to the diet of a winter seed eater the reed bunting emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south western poland
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013Co-Authors: Grzegorz Orlowski, Jerzy Karg, Joanna CzarneckaAbstract:We investigated whether the winter diet of a typical seed-eating bird is hard-wired in the context of evolutionary hypothesis for granivory. We examined the diet composition of ‘a small-billed form’ of the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south-western Poland (Central Europe), where unfrozen wastewater provides various groups of invertebrate prey. The analysis of droppings (N = 151) collected from four different feeding grounds located in reedbeds and grasslands inundated with waste-water showed the substantial contribution of invertebrates in the diet of reed buntings. Across four sample areas, the frequency of invertebrates in faecal samples ranged between 37% to 80%. In total, we identified 194 animal prey, mainly spiders Araneae (53% of all identified invertebrate prey), and several taxa of Coleoptera (43%). Among plant food (N = 8357 identified items), the most numerous were shells of weed seeds, namely Amaranthus sp. (56.8%), Urtica dioica (22.6%), and Chenopodium sp. (19.6%). Our results showed that, during winter, the reed bunting is not an obligatory seed-eater. This species may exploit both animal and plant food; hence, our results indicate that the reed buntings wintering in temperate Europe may feed more opportunistically than was previously assumed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 429–433.
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Substantial contribution of invertebrates to the diet of a winter seed‐eater, the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus, wintering in a Sewage Farm in south‐western Poland
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013Co-Authors: Grzegorz Orłowski, Jerzy Karg, Joanna CzarneckaAbstract:We investigated whether the winter diet of a typical seed-eating bird is hard-wired in the context of evolutionary hypothesis for granivory. We examined the diet composition of ‘a small-billed form’ of the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus wintering in a Sewage Farm in south-western Poland (Central Europe), where unfrozen wastewater provides various groups of invertebrate prey. The analysis of droppings (N = 151) collected from four different feeding grounds located in reedbeds and grasslands inundated with waste-water showed the substantial contribution of invertebrates in the diet of reed buntings. Across four sample areas, the frequency of invertebrates in faecal samples ranged between 37% to 80%. In total, we identified 194 animal prey, mainly spiders Araneae (53% of all identified invertebrate prey), and several taxa of Coleoptera (43%). Among plant food (N = 8357 identified items), the most numerous were shells of weed seeds, namely Amaranthus sp. (56.8%), Urtica dioica (22.6%), and Chenopodium sp. (19.6%). Our results showed that, during winter, the reed bunting is not an obligatory seed-eater. This species may exploit both animal and plant food; hence, our results indicate that the reed buntings wintering in temperate Europe may feed more opportunistically than was previously assumed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 429–433.