The Experts below are selected from a list of 63234 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

R S Irudaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • female demographic disadvantage in india 1981 1991 Sex selective abortions and female infanticide
    Development and Change, 1999
    Co-Authors: S Sudha, R S Irudaya
    Abstract:

    This article explores the incidence of prenatal Sex Selection and female infanticide during periods of development and fertility decline; it also analyzes alterations in the differences in birth and mortality ratios between males and females in India. Period Sex ratios at birth (SRB) were computed using reverse survival methods. Findings showed that there was an increased masculinity among SRB indicating plausibly that prenatal Sex Selection techniques were increasingly being used. Female infanticide and under-registration of births were more likely in urban areas. The co-existence of female feticide infanticide and selective neglect of girls renders the distinction between pre and post-natal Sex Selection technique invidious; the bias against girls remained entrenched. Selective neglect and infanticide affected mainly higher birth order girls; thus the gender imbalance in demographic rates and indicators declined. The Sex ratio in India has been noted to be adverse to females and more or less steadily worsening. Thus the increase in the proportion of men female mortality and infanticide would create serious jeopardy among the girl children. Consequently the Indian Government announced a ban on the abortions of healthy female fetuses identified during permissible genetic tests. This review suggests that any policy measures must not focus primarily on restricting technology used to womens detriment but also the root causes of devaluation of Indian women.

Guido Pennings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • eshre task force on ethics and law 20 Sex Selection for non medical reasons
    Human Reproduction, 2013
    Co-Authors: Wybo Dondorp, Francoise Shenfield, Guido Pennings, Paul Devroey, Basil C Tarlatzis, G De Wert, Pedro N Barri, K Diedrich
    Abstract:

    This Task Force document revisits the debate about the ethics of Sex Selection for non-medical reasons in the light of relevant new technological developments. First, as a result of improvement of the Microsort flow cytometry method, there is now a proven technique for preconception Sex Selection that can be combined both with IVF and IUI. Secondly, the scenario where new approaches that are currently being developed for preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) may lead to such screening becoming a routine part of all IVF treatment. In that scenario professionals will more often be confronted with parental requests for transfer of an embryo of a specific Sex. Thirdly, the recent development of non-invasive prenatal testing based on cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma allows for easy and safe Sex determination in the early stages of pregnancy. While stressing the new urgency that these developments give to the debate, the Task Force did not come to a unanimous position with regard to the acceptability of Sex Selection for non-medical reasons in the context of assisted reproduction. Whereas some think maintaining the current ban is the best approach, others are in favour of allowing Sex Selection for non-medical reasons under conditions that take account of societal concerns about the possible impact of the practice. By presenting these positions, the document reflects the different views about this issue that also exist in the field. Specific recommendations include the need for a wider delineation of accepted medical reasons than in terms of avoiding a serious Sex-linked disorder, and for a clarification of the legal position with regard to answering parental requests for additional Sex Selection in the context of medically indicated preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or routine PGS.

  • new belgian law on research on human embryos trust in progress through medical science
    Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Guido Pennings
    Abstract:

    The new Belgian law on research on embryos in vitro accepts all types of research directed at therapeutic purposes and at increased medical knowledge. This includes research for germline and somatic gene therapy, therapeutic cloning, and the development of embryonic stem cell lines. As this presupposes the creation of embryos for research, this too is allowed. Other goals like Sex Selection for nonmedical reasons, eugenic practices and reproductive cloning are prohibited. In general, the law expresses a belief in the importance of freedom of research and the acceptance of ethical pluralism in society.

  • taskforce 5 preimplantation genetic diagnosis
    Human Reproduction, 2003
    Co-Authors: Francoise Shenfield, Guido Pennings, Paul Devroey, C Sureau, Basil C Tarlatzis, Jean Cohen
    Abstract:

    The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Ethics Task Force sets out a recommended multidisciplinary approach to the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The statement includes consideration of fundamental ethical principles, specific problems in cases of high genetic risk, and PGD for aneuploidy screening, HLA typing and Sex Selection for non-medical reasons.

  • personal desires of patients and social obligations of geneticists applying preimplantation genetic diagnosis for non medical Sex Selection
    Prenatal Diagnosis, 2002
    Co-Authors: Guido Pennings
    Abstract:

    The arguments against the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for non-medical Sex Selection are analysed. It is concluded that the distinction between medical and non-medical reasons is difficult to maintain, that the disproportionality of means and end is not a decisive counterargument and that the fear of damage to the reputation of PGD does not justify the refusal of controversial applications. Moreover, since non-medical Sex Selection does not belong to basic health care, it should not be equally accessible to all. The position defended in this article is founded on two basic principles: (1) medical reasons have priority on non-medical reasons, and (2) personal reasons do not qualify for public funding. In order to respect both principles, it is proposed that restrictions should be installed to control the number of requests for social Sexing and that a tax should be imposed on these elective services. The tax should compensate the society for the investment it made in the training and education of the physician. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

S Sudha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • female demographic disadvantage in india 1981 1991 Sex selective abortions and female infanticide
    Development and Change, 1999
    Co-Authors: S Sudha, R S Irudaya
    Abstract:

    This article explores the incidence of prenatal Sex Selection and female infanticide during periods of development and fertility decline; it also analyzes alterations in the differences in birth and mortality ratios between males and females in India. Period Sex ratios at birth (SRB) were computed using reverse survival methods. Findings showed that there was an increased masculinity among SRB indicating plausibly that prenatal Sex Selection techniques were increasingly being used. Female infanticide and under-registration of births were more likely in urban areas. The co-existence of female feticide infanticide and selective neglect of girls renders the distinction between pre and post-natal Sex Selection technique invidious; the bias against girls remained entrenched. Selective neglect and infanticide affected mainly higher birth order girls; thus the gender imbalance in demographic rates and indicators declined. The Sex ratio in India has been noted to be adverse to females and more or less steadily worsening. Thus the increase in the proportion of men female mortality and infanticide would create serious jeopardy among the girl children. Consequently the Indian Government announced a ban on the abortions of healthy female fetuses identified during permissible genetic tests. This review suggests that any policy measures must not focus primarily on restricting technology used to womens detriment but also the root causes of devaluation of Indian women.

John A Robertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • extending preimplantation genetic diagnosis the ethical debate ethical issues in new uses of preimplantation genetic diagnosis
    Human Reproduction, 2003
    Co-Authors: John A Robertson
    Abstract:

    The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to screen embryos for aneuploidy and genetic disease is growing. New uses of PGD have been reported in the past year for screening embryos for susceptibility to cancer, for late-onset diseases, for HLA-matching for existing children, and for gender. These extensions have raised questions about their ethical acceptability and the adequacy of regulatory structures to review new uses. This article describes current and likely future uses of PGD, and then analyses the ethical issues posed by new uses of PGD to screen embryos for susceptibility and late-onset conditions, for HLA-matching for tissue donation to an existing child, and for gender Selection. It also addresses ethical issues that would arise in more speculative scenarios of selecting embryos for hearing ability or Sexual orientation. The article concludes that except for Sex Selection of the first child, most current extensions of PGD are ethically acceptable, and provides a framework for evaluating future extensions for nonmedical purposes that are still speculative.

  • ethical issues in new uses of preimplantation genetic diagnosis
    2003
    Co-Authors: John A Robertson
    Abstract:

    The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to screen embryos for aneuploidy and genetic disease is growing. New uses of PGD have been reported in the past year for screening embryos for susceptibility to cancer, for late-onset diseases, for HLA-matching for existing children, and for gender. These extensions have raised questions about their ethical acceptability and the adequacy of regulatory structures to review new uses. This article describes current and likely future uses of PGD, and then analyses the ethical issues posed by new uses of PGD to screen embryos for susceptibility and late-onset conditions, for HLA-matching for tissue donation to an existing child, and for gender Selection. It also addresses ethical issues that would arise in more speculative scenarios of selecting embryos for hearing ability or Sexual orientation. The article concludes that except for Sex Selection of the first child, most current extensions of PGD are ethically acceptable, and provides a framework for evaluating future extensions for nonmedical purposes that are still speculative.

Francoise Shenfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • eshre task force on ethics and law 20 Sex Selection for non medical reasons
    Human Reproduction, 2013
    Co-Authors: Wybo Dondorp, Francoise Shenfield, Guido Pennings, Paul Devroey, Basil C Tarlatzis, G De Wert, Pedro N Barri, K Diedrich
    Abstract:

    This Task Force document revisits the debate about the ethics of Sex Selection for non-medical reasons in the light of relevant new technological developments. First, as a result of improvement of the Microsort flow cytometry method, there is now a proven technique for preconception Sex Selection that can be combined both with IVF and IUI. Secondly, the scenario where new approaches that are currently being developed for preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) may lead to such screening becoming a routine part of all IVF treatment. In that scenario professionals will more often be confronted with parental requests for transfer of an embryo of a specific Sex. Thirdly, the recent development of non-invasive prenatal testing based on cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma allows for easy and safe Sex determination in the early stages of pregnancy. While stressing the new urgency that these developments give to the debate, the Task Force did not come to a unanimous position with regard to the acceptability of Sex Selection for non-medical reasons in the context of assisted reproduction. Whereas some think maintaining the current ban is the best approach, others are in favour of allowing Sex Selection for non-medical reasons under conditions that take account of societal concerns about the possible impact of the practice. By presenting these positions, the document reflects the different views about this issue that also exist in the field. Specific recommendations include the need for a wider delineation of accepted medical reasons than in terms of avoiding a serious Sex-linked disorder, and for a clarification of the legal position with regard to answering parental requests for additional Sex Selection in the context of medically indicated preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or routine PGS.

  • taskforce 5 preimplantation genetic diagnosis
    Human Reproduction, 2003
    Co-Authors: Francoise Shenfield, Guido Pennings, Paul Devroey, C Sureau, Basil C Tarlatzis, Jean Cohen
    Abstract:

    The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Ethics Task Force sets out a recommended multidisciplinary approach to the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The statement includes consideration of fundamental ethical principles, specific problems in cases of high genetic risk, and PGD for aneuploidy screening, HLA typing and Sex Selection for non-medical reasons.