The Experts below are selected from a list of 5049 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scientific Sensationalism in American and British Press Coverage of Therapeutic Cloning
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2012Co-Authors: Eric JensenAbstract:This study examines the production and content of press coverage of Therapeutic Cloning in the United States and Britain. The sample includes 5,128 news articles, as well as qualitative interviews with journalists who covered this science story. This article identifies variations in the valence, relative distribution, and quality of the hype found across the US, UK tabloid, and elite UK press samples. A dialectic of hope and fear is identified in the sampled press content and explained by the journalist interviews. Moreover, scientific hype emerges from the shared economic imperatives and concomitant news values defining American and British journalism.
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Between credulity and scepticism : envisaging the fourth estate in 21st-century science journalism
Media Culture & Society, 2010Co-Authors: Eric JensenAbstract:For years Anglo-American news media participated in hyping claims of imminent cures from Therapeutic Cloning. This hype was scrutinized following the scientific fraud of South Korean Therapeutic Cloning researcher Hwang Woo-Suk. The scandal left questions about contemporary science journalists' commitment to the ideals of the press as fourth estate or watchdog. The present study adduces data from qualitative interviews with Anglo-American journalists (n = 18) who covered the issue of Therapeutic Cloning for major newspapers and periodicals. The journalists expressed commitment to the fourth estate ideal, although previous research has shown that their actual coverage fell short of this ideal. Synthesizing previous theory and research with the present study, four meso-level theoretical explanations are postulated for this disjuncture between ideals and practice in journalistic coverage of Therapeutic Cloning.
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Mediating subpolitics in US and UK science news
Public understanding of science (Bristol England), 2010Co-Authors: Eric JensenAbstract:The development of Therapeutic Cloning research sparked a scientific controversy pitting patients’ hopes for cures against religious and anti-abortion opposition. The present study investigates this controversy by examining the production and content of Anglo-American print media coverage of the branch of embryonic stem cell research known as “Therapeutic Cloning.” Data collection included press articles about Therapeutic Cloning (n = 5,185) and qualitative interviews with journalists (n = 18). Patient activists and anti-abortion groups emerged as key news sources in this coverage. Significant qualitative differences in the mediation of these subpolitical groups and their arguments for and against Therapeutic Cloning are identified. Results suggest that the perceived human interest news value of narratives of patient suffering may give patient advocacy groups a privileged position in journalistic coverage. Finally, Ulrich Beck’s theoretical arguments about subpolitics are critically applied to the results to elicit further insights.
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Celebrity life politics in US and UK journalistic coverage of Therapeutic Cloning research
New Genetics and Society, 2010Co-Authors: Eric JensenAbstract:This study investigates the role of celebrity life politics in American and British press coverage of Therapeutic Cloning. A large sample of articles in the US press and both elite and tabloid UK newspapers and periodicals was collected and analyzed for this study. The present analysis focuses on activist patients as key news sources in this coverage. These patients drew upon narratives of personal suffering with political implications that interfaced with journalists’ desire for human interest stories. Celebrity patients in particular were found to contribute to the construction of Therapeutic Cloning as the source of future cures for debilitating illnesses that are currently incurable. The intertwining of personal suffering and political advocacy identified in this case is linked to Giddens’ theorization of life politics.
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Hyping biomedical research : the variations of scientific sensationalism in Anglo-American press coverage of Therapeutic Cloning
2009Co-Authors: Eric JensenAbstract:This study examines the production and content of press coverage of Therapeutic Cloning in the US and Britain from 1997 to 2006. The sample includes 5,128 articles drawn from 19 news publications, as well as 18 qualitative interviews with journalists and editors. Data analysis was conducted in two phases, using both grounded methodology and sociological discourse analysis. The results coalesced around the theme of Hype. However, there was significant variation in the valence, relative distribution and quality of the hype found across the US, UK tabloid and UK broadsheet samples. The elite press in the UK and science advocacy publications in both countries evinced a strong bias towards utopian framing, hyping the imminence and certainty of forthcoming Therapeutic Cloning cures. Meanwhile, a dualistic pattern of both utopianism and equally excessive dystopianism was visible in the American press and British tabloid newspapers. Such patterns of scientific hype in Anglo-American journalism can be directly attributed to the processes of news production, which encourage sensationalism at the expense of the quality of debate over scientific issues in the public sphere.
Xiangzhong Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos and its implications for Therapeutic Cloning
Nature Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Xiangzhong Yang, Harris A. Lewin, Sadie L. Smith, Cindy X Tian, J P Renard, Teruhiko WakayamaAbstract:Therapeutic Cloning, whereby somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is used to generate patient-specific embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from blastocysts cloned by nuclear transfer (ntESCs), holds great promise for the treatment of many human diseases. ntESCs have been derived in mice and cattle, but thus far there are no credible reports of human ntESCs. Here we review the recent literature on nuclear reprogramming by SCNT, including studies of gene expression, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, genomic imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Reprogramming of genes expressed in the inner cell mass, from which ntESCs are derived, seems to be highly efficient. Defects in the extraembryonic lineage are probably the major cause of the low success rate of reproductive Cloning but are not expected to affect the derivation of ntESCs. We remain optimistic that human Therapeutic Cloning is achievable and that the derivation of patient-specific ntESC lines will have great potential for regenerative medicine.
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Science, technology, and potential applications of Therapeutic Cloning
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 2004Co-Authors: Jie Xu, Xiangzhong YangAbstract:In theory, although ethically debatable, females can now propagate without males and still conceive fertilized (not cloned) embryos by using oocytes and sperm derived through these mechanisms. Another alternative to the Cloning technology, which attempts to avoid the current debate on ethics and policy, is the artificial haploidization of somatic cells As reproductive gametes or sex cells (sperm and eggs) are haploid (have half the number of chromosomes), but somatic cells are diploid (chromosomes are doubled), effort has been made to create artificial gametes via reducing the diploid somatic cells into haploid gamete-like cells. Theoretically, these "haploid" cells can subsequently be combined in a fashion similar to fertilization and develop into an embryo. Obviously, this approach may potentially create more ethical debate than Therapeutic Cloning.
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Reproductive versus Therapeutic Cloning: science, applications, and policies [Overview from the Guest Editor]
IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society, 2004Co-Authors: Xiangzhong YangAbstract:The articles presented herein will provide the scientist, the government, as well as the public with information, facts, and opinions on the current state of the art of a complex and very controversial technology— Cloning. With these seven pieces, we hope to offer the reader an understanding of not only the scientific aspects of animal Cloning but the legal and ethical debates concerning human reproductive versus Therapeutic Cloning as well. The fate of these technologies is coupled to the legal and ethical sanctions now being debated worldwide. The eventual outcome of these debates will dictate the potential applications of Cloning and impact the future of human medicine. We have attempted to touch on a wide range of applications, present a concise description of Cloning’s scientific aspects, and report diverse policy perspectives from around the world. Cloning Applications in Agriculture
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Toward Therapeutic Cloning and regenerative biology research forum: To clone or not to clone
Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2003Co-Authors: Xiangzhong YangAbstract:Creating exact copies (clones) of an individual has long been a made-to-believe story in various cultures throughout mankind history. However, the report of successfully creating a genetic clone of an adult animal from a differentiated somatic cell completely shocked the world. The Cloning technology involves taking the nucleus from a somatic cell and then inserting that nucleus into an unfertilized egg that has had its own nucleus removed. The newly reconstructed embryo thus contains the entire genetic makeup of the donor somatic cell (except for mitochondria DNAs) and when transferred into the uterus of a surrogate mother can develop into an individual genetically identical to the nuclear donor. Cloning via nuclear transfer has succeeded in numerous mammalian species involving the use of various somatic cells as donors. These successes prove the principle that the nucleus of a differentiated somatic cell from a variety of adult tissues can be reprogrammed and converted to a pluripotent embryo cell capable of giving rise to all cell types, tissues and organs. While the technology of creating replacement cells, tissues or organs from our own body cells via nuclear transfer Cloning (i.e., Therapeutic Cloning) is very promising, the possibility of Cloning a human via this same technology (i.e., reproductive Cloning) has created various ethical concerns and regulation debate. Little does the public realize that while the scientific community strongly supports Cloning animals for purposes of agricultural improvement, biomedical research or saving endangered species, they are absolutely opposed to Cloning a human being. The United Nations and all governments around the globe have called for a ban on reproductive Cloning in humans.
Anthony Atala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tissue Engineering Applications of Therapeutic Cloning
Annual review of biomedical engineering, 2004Co-Authors: Anthony Atala, Chester J. KohAbstract:▪ Abstract Few treatment options are available for patients suffering from diseased and injured organs because of a severe shortage of donor organs available for transplantation. Therapeutic Cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for replacement therapy. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. The present chapter reviews recent advances that have occurred in Therapeutic Cloning and tissue engineering and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
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Therapeutic Cloning and Tissue Engineering
Current topics in developmental biology, 2004Co-Authors: Chester J. Koh, Anthony AtalaAbstract:A severe shortage of donor organs available for transplantation in the United States leaves patients suffering from diseased and injured organs with few treatment options. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Therapeutic Cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. The present chapter reviews recent advances that have occurred in Therapeutic Cloning and tissue engineering and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
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Therapeutic Cloning applications for organ transplantation.
Transplant immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Chester J. Koh, Anthony AtalaAbstract:A severe shortage of donor organs available for transplantation in the United States leaves patients suffering from diseased and injured organs with few treatment options. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Therapeutic Cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. The present chapter reviews recent advances that have occurred in Therapeutic Cloning and tissue engineering and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
Chester J. Koh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tissue Engineering Applications of Therapeutic Cloning
Annual review of biomedical engineering, 2004Co-Authors: Anthony Atala, Chester J. KohAbstract:▪ Abstract Few treatment options are available for patients suffering from diseased and injured organs because of a severe shortage of donor organs available for transplantation. Therapeutic Cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for replacement therapy. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. The present chapter reviews recent advances that have occurred in Therapeutic Cloning and tissue engineering and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
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Therapeutic Cloning and Tissue Engineering
Current topics in developmental biology, 2004Co-Authors: Chester J. Koh, Anthony AtalaAbstract:A severe shortage of donor organs available for transplantation in the United States leaves patients suffering from diseased and injured organs with few treatment options. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Therapeutic Cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. The present chapter reviews recent advances that have occurred in Therapeutic Cloning and tissue engineering and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
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Therapeutic Cloning applications for organ transplantation.
Transplant immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Chester J. Koh, Anthony AtalaAbstract:A severe shortage of donor organs available for transplantation in the United States leaves patients suffering from diseased and injured organs with few treatment options. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Therapeutic Cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. The present chapter reviews recent advances that have occurred in Therapeutic Cloning and tissue engineering and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
Teruhiko Wakayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Therapeutic Cloning in individual parkinsonian mice
Nature medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Viviane Tabar, Mark J. Tomishima, Georgia Panagiotakos, Sayaka Wakayama, Jayanthi Menon, Bill Chan, Eiji Mizutani, George Al-shamy, Hiroshi Ohta, Teruhiko WakayamaAbstract:Cell transplantation with embryonic stem (ES) cell progeny requires immunological compatibility with host tissue. 'Therapeutic Cloning' is a strategy to overcome this limitation by generating nuclear transfer (nt)ES cells that are genetically matched to an individual. Here we establish the feasibility of treating individual mice via Therapeutic Cloning. Derivation of 187 ntES cell lines from 24 parkinsonian mice, dopaminergic differentiation, and transplantation into individually matched host mice showed Therapeutic efficacy and lack of immunological response.
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nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos and its implications for Therapeutic Cloning
Nature Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: Xiangzhong Yang, Harris A. Lewin, Sadie L. Smith, Cindy X Tian, J P Renard, Teruhiko WakayamaAbstract:Therapeutic Cloning, whereby somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is used to generate patient-specific embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from blastocysts cloned by nuclear transfer (ntESCs), holds great promise for the treatment of many human diseases. ntESCs have been derived in mice and cattle, but thus far there are no credible reports of human ntESCs. Here we review the recent literature on nuclear reprogramming by SCNT, including studies of gene expression, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, genomic imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Reprogramming of genes expressed in the inner cell mass, from which ntESCs are derived, seems to be highly efficient. Defects in the extraembryonic lineage are probably the major cause of the low success rate of reproductive Cloning but are not expected to affect the derivation of ntESCs. We remain optimistic that human Therapeutic Cloning is achievable and that the derivation of patient-specific ntESC lines will have great potential for regenerative medicine.
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On the road to Therapeutic Cloning
Nature biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: Teruhiko WakayamaAbstract:Human embryonic stem (ES) cells have been derived from cloned embryos, an important step in the development of Therapeutic Cloning.