The Experts below are selected from a list of 30876 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sarah E Ullman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alcohol and Sexual Assault victimization research findings and future directions
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Katherine Lorenz, Sarah E UllmanAbstract:Abstract Alcohol use by victims and/or offenders is associated with at least half of all Sexual Assaults (Abbey, 2002). However, the bidirectional relationship between alcohol and Sexual Assault is convoluted. While there is a significant body of literature dedicated to examining this association, the relationship remains unclear, and comprehensive recent literature reviews are lacking. This review focuses on the relationship between alcohol consumption and adult Sexual Assault among individuals in the general and college student populations. Studies from 2000 to the present are included and focused on: (a) the prevalence of alcohol-related Sexual Assault, (b) the link (and directionality) between alcohol and Sexual Assault, (c) the role of situational and behavioral risk factors for alcohol-related Sexual Assault; (d) disclosure, social reactions, and recovery outcomes, specific to alcohol-involved Assaults; (e) mediators and moderators of the link between alcohol and Sexual Assault; and (f) directions for future research.
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Social reactions, self-blame and problem drinking in adult Sexual Assault survivors
Psychology of Violence, 2015Co-Authors: Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Sarah E UllmanAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test a model of the relations of social reactions to Sexual Assault disclosure, self-blame and problem drinking. This is the first study to investigate whether type of self-blame has different relationships with social reactions and problem drinking in a large, diverse sample of Sexually Assaulted women. These relationships are important to investigate in order to identify specific targets for treatment and intervention with Sexual Assault victims and their social networks. METHOD: Community-residing female Sexual Assault survivors (N = 1863) in a large metropolitan area completed a mail survey about Sexual Assault, social reactions to disclosure, self-blame attributions, and problem drinking symptoms. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed that characterological self-blame mediated the effect of negative social reactions on drinking, but behavioral self-blame did not function as a mediator. A second model showed unique relationships of specific positive and negative social reactions to drinking through characterological and behavioral self-blame. CONCLUSIONS: Characterological self-blame needs to be targeted in treatment and intervention with survivors, as it appears to be a key mechanism through which social reactions may influence recovery. Secondary prevention with informal social networks should educate people about social reactions to avoid negative reactions and promote those that are helpful, so people can better respond to survivors' Sexual Assault disclosures and improve recovery. Language: en
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social reactions to Sexual Assault disclosure coping perceived control and ptsd symptoms in Sexual Assault victims
Journal of Community Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah E Ullman, Liana C PeterhageneAbstract:The social reactions that Sexual Assault victims receive when they disclose their Assault have been found to relate to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Using path analysis and a large sample of Sexual Assault survivors (N = 1863), we tested whether perceived control, maladaptive coping, and social and individual adaptive coping strategies mediated the relationships between social reactions to disclosure and PTSD symptoms. We found that positive social reactions to Assault disclosure predicted greater perceived control over recovery, which in turn was related to less PTSD symptoms. Positive social reactions to Assault disclosure were also associated with more adaptive social and individual coping; however, only adaptive social coping predicted PTSD symptoms. Negative social reactions to Assault disclosure were related to greater PTSD symptoms both directly and indirectly through maladaptive coping and marginally through lower perceived control over recovery.
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talking about Sexual Assault society s response to survivors
2010Co-Authors: Sarah E UllmanAbstract:Sexual Assault is a traumatic experience for any woman. Furthermore, many victims who tell others about their Assault must endure a 'second Assault' in the form of negative reactions, such as victim blaming and disbelief. One third to two thirds of victims may experience such reactions, which have negative mental and physical health effects on the victims. This book provides a comprehensive look at women's rape disclosure, addressing such issues as why, how often, and to whom women disclose their Sexual Assault; how people respond to disclosures; what factors influence how they respond to disclosures; and how these responses affect survivors. With an ecological approach, the book considers the social context of rape, arguing that negative social reactions emanate from broader social norms and attitudes about rape. Multiple perspectives are considered, including those of survivors, informal support providers (family, friends, and intimate partners), and formal support providers (therapists, victim advocates, and others). Finally, recommendations for research, treatment, and intervention are provided. Powerful, insightful, and provocative, this book is essential reading for everyone who works with Sexual Assault victims, including therapists, health care workers, victim advocates, rape researchers, policy makers, and students in any of these fields.
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psychosocial correlates of ptsd symptom severity in Sexual Assault survivors
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2007Co-Authors: Sarah E Ullman, Henrietta H Filipas, Stephanie M Townsend, Laura L StarzynskiAbstract:This study's goal was to assess the effects of preAssault, Assault, and postAssault psychosocial factors on current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of Sexual Assault survivors. An ethnically diverse sample of over 600 female Sexual Assault survivors was recruited from college, community, and mental health agency sources (response rate = 90%). Regression analyses tested the hypothesis that postAssault psychosocial variables, including survivors' responses to rape and social reactions from support providers, would be stronger correlates of PTSD symptom severity than preAssault or Assault characteristics. As expected, few demographic or Assault characteristics predicted symptoms, whereas trauma histories, perceived life threat during the Assault, postAssault characterological self-blame, avoidance coping, and negative social reactions from others were all related to greater PTSD symptom severity. The only protective factor was survivors' perception that they had greater control over their recovery process in the present, which predicted fewer symptoms. Recommendations for intervention and treatment with Sexual Assault survivors are discussed.
Liana C Peterhagene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social reactions to Sexual Assault disclosure coping perceived control and ptsd symptoms in Sexual Assault victims
Journal of Community Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah E Ullman, Liana C PeterhageneAbstract:The social reactions that Sexual Assault victims receive when they disclose their Assault have been found to relate to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Using path analysis and a large sample of Sexual Assault survivors (N = 1863), we tested whether perceived control, maladaptive coping, and social and individual adaptive coping strategies mediated the relationships between social reactions to disclosure and PTSD symptoms. We found that positive social reactions to Assault disclosure predicted greater perceived control over recovery, which in turn was related to less PTSD symptoms. Positive social reactions to Assault disclosure were also associated with more adaptive social and individual coping; however, only adaptive social coping predicted PTSD symptoms. Negative social reactions to Assault disclosure were related to greater PTSD symptoms both directly and indirectly through maladaptive coping and marginally through lower perceived control over recovery.
Daniel J. Sheridan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genital Injuries in Postmenopausal Women After Sexual Assault
Journal of elder abuse & neglect, 2008Co-Authors: Christine A. Poulos, Daniel J. SheridanAbstract:Physiological and anatomical changes that occur as a result of menopause alter Sexual response and Sexual function. These changes can result in genital injuries from both consensual Sexual intercourse and Sexual Assault. The purpose of this article is to review the literature examining what is known about postmenopausal women and genital injuries. Only seven research studies were found that examine genital injuries in postmenopausal women after Sexual Assault. Of the comparative studies, a majority determined that postmenopausal women are more likely to sustain genital injuries after Sexual Assault than younger women. No literature was found that specifically investigates genital injuries incurred as a result of consensual Sexual intercourse versus Sexual Assault in the postmenopausal population.
Amanda K. Gilmore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Managing post-Sexual Assault suicide risk
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda K. Gilmore, Erin F. Ward-ciesielski, Anna Smalling, Anne R. Limowski, Christine K. Hahn, Anna E. JaffeAbstract:Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior are common after experiencing a Sexual Assault. Therefore, it is imperative to assess for and manage suicidal ideation using evidence-based techniques after a Sexual Assault medical forensic examination (SAMFE). We assessed factors associated with higher suicidal ideation identified in a post-SAMFE mental health screening conducted over the phone and strategies to manage suicide risk. We also discuss three case examples and unique considerations when assessing post-SAMFE suicide risk. It was found that among individuals who completed a post-SAMFE screen, individuals who have been previously hospitalized for a mental health problem, who had higher acute stress symptoms, and who were homeless reported more suicidal ideation than those without those histories or symptom presentations. No matter the risk factors for suicidal ideation post-SAMFE, it is essential to screen all individuals post-SAMFE due to their high risk for suicidal ideation and death by suicide.
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the use of drinking and Sexual Assault protective behavioral strategies associations with Sexual victimization and revictimization among college women
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2018Co-Authors: Elizabeth C Neilson, Amanda K. Gilmore, Hanna T Pinsky, Molly E Shepard, Melissa A Lewis, William H GeorgeAbstract:Despite consistent high rates of campus Sexual Assault, little research has examined effective strategies to decrease Sexual Assault victimization. Sexual Assault and drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may be important means of reducing Sexual Assault victimization risk on college campuses but need further examination. The current study examined the relationship among Sexual Assault in childhood, before college, and since college to evaluate the mitigating roles of both Sexual Assault PBS and drinking PBS on Sexual Assault victimization. Participants (n = 620) were undergraduate women, 18 to 20 years old. The current study was a cross-sectional online survey assessing participants’ Sexual Assault PBS and Sexual Assault history. Sexual Assault history was positively associated with future Sexual Assault experiences. Pre-college Sexual Assault was associated with increased since-college Sexual Assault and increased drinks per week. Since-college adolescent/adult Sexual Assault was associated wi...
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a randomized controlled trial targeting alcohol use and Sexual Assault risk among college women at high risk for victimization
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2015Co-Authors: Amanda K. Gilmore, Melissa A Lewis, William H GeorgeAbstract:Sexual Assault risk reduction programs do not target alcohol use despite the widespread knowledge that alcohol use is a risk factor for being victimized. The current study assessed the effectiveness of a web-based combined Sexual Assault risk and alcohol use reduction program using a randomized control trial. A total of 207 college women between the ages of 18 and 20 who engaged in heavy episodic drinking were randomized to one of five conditions: full assessment only control condition, Sexual Assault risk reduction condition, alcohol use reduction condition, combined Sexual Assault risk and alcohol use reduction condition, and a minimal assessment only condition. Participants completed a 3-month follow-up survey on alcohol-related Sexual Assault outcomes, Sexual Assault outcomes, and alcohol use outcomes. Significant interactions revealed that women with higher severity of Sexual Assault at baseline experienced less incapacitated attempted or completed rapes, less severity of Sexual Assaults, and engaged in less heavy episodic drinking compared to the control condition at the 3-month follow-up. Web-based risk reduction programs targeting both Sexual Assault and alcohol use may be the most effective way to target the highest risk sample of college students for Sexual Assault: those with a Sexual Assault history and those who engage in heavy episodic drinking.
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social reactions, self-blame and problem drinking in adult Sexual Assault survivors
Psychology of Violence, 2015Co-Authors: Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Sarah E UllmanAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test a model of the relations of social reactions to Sexual Assault disclosure, self-blame and problem drinking. This is the first study to investigate whether type of self-blame has different relationships with social reactions and problem drinking in a large, diverse sample of Sexually Assaulted women. These relationships are important to investigate in order to identify specific targets for treatment and intervention with Sexual Assault victims and their social networks. METHOD: Community-residing female Sexual Assault survivors (N = 1863) in a large metropolitan area completed a mail survey about Sexual Assault, social reactions to disclosure, self-blame attributions, and problem drinking symptoms. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed that characterological self-blame mediated the effect of negative social reactions on drinking, but behavioral self-blame did not function as a mediator. A second model showed unique relationships of specific positive and negative social reactions to drinking through characterological and behavioral self-blame. CONCLUSIONS: Characterological self-blame needs to be targeted in treatment and intervention with survivors, as it appears to be a key mechanism through which social reactions may influence recovery. Secondary prevention with informal social networks should educate people about social reactions to avoid negative reactions and promote those that are helpful, so people can better respond to survivors' Sexual Assault disclosures and improve recovery. Language: en
