The Experts below are selected from a list of 16632 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brett P Kenney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of feeding level and Sexual Maturation on fatty acid composition of energy stores in diploid and triploid rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2014Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Beth M Cleveland, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy demanding, physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food-fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of ration level on fatty acid composition, diploid (2N) rainbow trout, approaching ovulation, were fed at 0.25 and 0.50% of tank biomass/day and to apparent satiation (~ 0.75% of tank biomass/day). In addition, triploid (3N) female trout, which exhibit only minimal ovarian development, were fed at 0.50% of tank biomass/day. The primary objective of this study was to determine effects of ration level on fatty acid composition in different lipid compartments (muscle, visceral adipose tissue, liver, and gonad) during Sexual Maturation. Lower feeding levels produced smaller fish, but did not affect the onset of Sexual Maturation. Higher feeding levels resulted in fish muscle with higher relative amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not affected by ration level. While ration level affected the fatty acid profile of each of the four tissues analyzed, the number of fatty acids affected was greatest in white muscle. An additional objective was to determine differences in the fatty acid composition of energy stores during Maturation in female rainbow trout that were fed at a moderately restricted feeding level (0.50% of tank biomass/day). These differences were determined by comparing mature 2N to sterile 3N females of the same age. Diploid muscle contained higher amounts of PUFAs (44.4 ± 1.0%) than 3N muscle (39.7 ± 0.8%). Saturated fatty acids were in the highest concentrations in muscle and visceral adipose tissue, and 2N liver contained more PUFAs and fewer MUFAs than 3N liver; however these values are relative values. In general, fatty acids affected by ration level were not the same as fatty acids affected by ploidy. Triploid fatty acid profiles did not mimic those of the satiation fed group; which was expected if 3N fish were simply consuming excess energy. Both 2N and 3N muscle fatty acid profiles were similar to that of the diet, except muscle had lower amounts of PUFA precursors (18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3) and higher relative amounts of their product (22:6n-3). Also, 2N muscle had higher 16:1 and 3N muscle had higher 16:0 compared to the diet. It is unclear if these differences are hormonally driven or if there are other physiological dissimilarities between 2N and 3N trout causing these differences. Overall, our data suggest that 2N and 3N fatty acid metabolism is regulated differently.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation and triploidy on chemical composition and fatty acid content of energy stores in female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2012Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Mohamed Salem, Jianbo Yao, Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy and nutrient demanding physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of Sexual Maturation on lipid mobilization in female rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane, fish growth, egg development, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, visceral fat, and gonads were determined for diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) females from July 2008 thru March 2009, when most 2N females ovulated. Previously, we reported there were minimal differences in most growth measurements between the 2N and 3N fish in this study, but there were changes in muscle proximate composition and visceral fat stores. Here, we report changes in proximate composition of liver, gonads, visceral adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of these tissues and muscle during Sexual Maturation of 2N females with 3N females serving as the control. Similar and distinct patterns of change in fatty acids were observed between tissues of 2N and 3N fish, and among different tissues as the 2N fish were maturing. Highly unsaturated, long chain fatty acids appear to play an important role in gonadogenesis, either as a source of energy or for deposition in eggs to support offspring development and survival. Differences in growth and preferential mobilization of fatty acids are observed when fish are on a high nutritional plane compared to more typical, lower nutritional regimens.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation on growth fillet composition and texture of female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss on a high nutritional plane
2011Co-Authors: Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Jianbo Yao, Brett P Kenney, S D Slider, Mohamed SalemAbstract:Abstract Nutrient and energy demands of Sexual Maturation influence fillet composition and texture in many fish cultivars. Effects of Sexual Maturation on growth and on fillet composition and texture were investigated in rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane. Diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) female rainbow trout were reared from July 2008 through spawning in March 2009. Growth rates were greater in the 2N females from August through October; whereas, the reverse response was true in February and March, resulting in similar overall growth rates and body weight (3140 ± 76 g). Raw fillets were softer, regardless of ploidy, between September and January (Allo-Kramer shear) compared to July, but increased again in March (366.79 g/g). By November, 2N females had lower fillet fat content and higher moisture content than 3N females. Fat content negatively correlated with shear force (r = − 0.35, R 2 = 0.12). Alkaline-insoluble (a-i) hydroxyproline (HYP) concentration was similar for 2N and 3N muscle through January but increased 2 and 4 folds for 3N and 2N muscles, respectively, by March. A-i HYP positively correlated with energy of shear (r = 0.41, R 2 = 0.17). In summary, during the five months prior to spawning and in females on a high nutritional plane, increased accumulation of fat in 3N females resulted in decreased firmness of raw fillets; whereas, increased insoluble collagen content, primarily in 2N females, increased fillet firmness in the month of spawning.
Meghan L Manor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of feeding level and Sexual Maturation on fatty acid composition of energy stores in diploid and triploid rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2014Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Beth M Cleveland, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy demanding, physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food-fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of ration level on fatty acid composition, diploid (2N) rainbow trout, approaching ovulation, were fed at 0.25 and 0.50% of tank biomass/day and to apparent satiation (~ 0.75% of tank biomass/day). In addition, triploid (3N) female trout, which exhibit only minimal ovarian development, were fed at 0.50% of tank biomass/day. The primary objective of this study was to determine effects of ration level on fatty acid composition in different lipid compartments (muscle, visceral adipose tissue, liver, and gonad) during Sexual Maturation. Lower feeding levels produced smaller fish, but did not affect the onset of Sexual Maturation. Higher feeding levels resulted in fish muscle with higher relative amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not affected by ration level. While ration level affected the fatty acid profile of each of the four tissues analyzed, the number of fatty acids affected was greatest in white muscle. An additional objective was to determine differences in the fatty acid composition of energy stores during Maturation in female rainbow trout that were fed at a moderately restricted feeding level (0.50% of tank biomass/day). These differences were determined by comparing mature 2N to sterile 3N females of the same age. Diploid muscle contained higher amounts of PUFAs (44.4 ± 1.0%) than 3N muscle (39.7 ± 0.8%). Saturated fatty acids were in the highest concentrations in muscle and visceral adipose tissue, and 2N liver contained more PUFAs and fewer MUFAs than 3N liver; however these values are relative values. In general, fatty acids affected by ration level were not the same as fatty acids affected by ploidy. Triploid fatty acid profiles did not mimic those of the satiation fed group; which was expected if 3N fish were simply consuming excess energy. Both 2N and 3N muscle fatty acid profiles were similar to that of the diet, except muscle had lower amounts of PUFA precursors (18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3) and higher relative amounts of their product (22:6n-3). Also, 2N muscle had higher 16:1 and 3N muscle had higher 16:0 compared to the diet. It is unclear if these differences are hormonally driven or if there are other physiological dissimilarities between 2N and 3N trout causing these differences. Overall, our data suggest that 2N and 3N fatty acid metabolism is regulated differently.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation and triploidy on chemical composition and fatty acid content of energy stores in female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2012Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Mohamed Salem, Jianbo Yao, Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy and nutrient demanding physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of Sexual Maturation on lipid mobilization in female rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane, fish growth, egg development, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, visceral fat, and gonads were determined for diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) females from July 2008 thru March 2009, when most 2N females ovulated. Previously, we reported there were minimal differences in most growth measurements between the 2N and 3N fish in this study, but there were changes in muscle proximate composition and visceral fat stores. Here, we report changes in proximate composition of liver, gonads, visceral adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of these tissues and muscle during Sexual Maturation of 2N females with 3N females serving as the control. Similar and distinct patterns of change in fatty acids were observed between tissues of 2N and 3N fish, and among different tissues as the 2N fish were maturing. Highly unsaturated, long chain fatty acids appear to play an important role in gonadogenesis, either as a source of energy or for deposition in eggs to support offspring development and survival. Differences in growth and preferential mobilization of fatty acids are observed when fish are on a high nutritional plane compared to more typical, lower nutritional regimens.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation on growth fillet composition and texture of female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss on a high nutritional plane
2011Co-Authors: Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Jianbo Yao, Brett P Kenney, S D Slider, Mohamed SalemAbstract:Abstract Nutrient and energy demands of Sexual Maturation influence fillet composition and texture in many fish cultivars. Effects of Sexual Maturation on growth and on fillet composition and texture were investigated in rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane. Diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) female rainbow trout were reared from July 2008 through spawning in March 2009. Growth rates were greater in the 2N females from August through October; whereas, the reverse response was true in February and March, resulting in similar overall growth rates and body weight (3140 ± 76 g). Raw fillets were softer, regardless of ploidy, between September and January (Allo-Kramer shear) compared to July, but increased again in March (366.79 g/g). By November, 2N females had lower fillet fat content and higher moisture content than 3N females. Fat content negatively correlated with shear force (r = − 0.35, R 2 = 0.12). Alkaline-insoluble (a-i) hydroxyproline (HYP) concentration was similar for 2N and 3N muscle through January but increased 2 and 4 folds for 3N and 2N muscles, respectively, by March. A-i HYP positively correlated with energy of shear (r = 0.41, R 2 = 0.17). In summary, during the five months prior to spawning and in females on a high nutritional plane, increased accumulation of fat in 3N females resulted in decreased firmness of raw fillets; whereas, increased insoluble collagen content, primarily in 2N females, increased fillet firmness in the month of spawning.
Gregory M Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of feeding level and Sexual Maturation on fatty acid composition of energy stores in diploid and triploid rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2014Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Beth M Cleveland, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy demanding, physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food-fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of ration level on fatty acid composition, diploid (2N) rainbow trout, approaching ovulation, were fed at 0.25 and 0.50% of tank biomass/day and to apparent satiation (~ 0.75% of tank biomass/day). In addition, triploid (3N) female trout, which exhibit only minimal ovarian development, were fed at 0.50% of tank biomass/day. The primary objective of this study was to determine effects of ration level on fatty acid composition in different lipid compartments (muscle, visceral adipose tissue, liver, and gonad) during Sexual Maturation. Lower feeding levels produced smaller fish, but did not affect the onset of Sexual Maturation. Higher feeding levels resulted in fish muscle with higher relative amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not affected by ration level. While ration level affected the fatty acid profile of each of the four tissues analyzed, the number of fatty acids affected was greatest in white muscle. An additional objective was to determine differences in the fatty acid composition of energy stores during Maturation in female rainbow trout that were fed at a moderately restricted feeding level (0.50% of tank biomass/day). These differences were determined by comparing mature 2N to sterile 3N females of the same age. Diploid muscle contained higher amounts of PUFAs (44.4 ± 1.0%) than 3N muscle (39.7 ± 0.8%). Saturated fatty acids were in the highest concentrations in muscle and visceral adipose tissue, and 2N liver contained more PUFAs and fewer MUFAs than 3N liver; however these values are relative values. In general, fatty acids affected by ration level were not the same as fatty acids affected by ploidy. Triploid fatty acid profiles did not mimic those of the satiation fed group; which was expected if 3N fish were simply consuming excess energy. Both 2N and 3N muscle fatty acid profiles were similar to that of the diet, except muscle had lower amounts of PUFA precursors (18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3) and higher relative amounts of their product (22:6n-3). Also, 2N muscle had higher 16:1 and 3N muscle had higher 16:0 compared to the diet. It is unclear if these differences are hormonally driven or if there are other physiological dissimilarities between 2N and 3N trout causing these differences. Overall, our data suggest that 2N and 3N fatty acid metabolism is regulated differently.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation and triploidy on chemical composition and fatty acid content of energy stores in female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2012Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Mohamed Salem, Jianbo Yao, Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy and nutrient demanding physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of Sexual Maturation on lipid mobilization in female rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane, fish growth, egg development, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, visceral fat, and gonads were determined for diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) females from July 2008 thru March 2009, when most 2N females ovulated. Previously, we reported there were minimal differences in most growth measurements between the 2N and 3N fish in this study, but there were changes in muscle proximate composition and visceral fat stores. Here, we report changes in proximate composition of liver, gonads, visceral adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of these tissues and muscle during Sexual Maturation of 2N females with 3N females serving as the control. Similar and distinct patterns of change in fatty acids were observed between tissues of 2N and 3N fish, and among different tissues as the 2N fish were maturing. Highly unsaturated, long chain fatty acids appear to play an important role in gonadogenesis, either as a source of energy or for deposition in eggs to support offspring development and survival. Differences in growth and preferential mobilization of fatty acids are observed when fish are on a high nutritional plane compared to more typical, lower nutritional regimens.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation on growth fillet composition and texture of female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss on a high nutritional plane
2011Co-Authors: Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Jianbo Yao, Brett P Kenney, S D Slider, Mohamed SalemAbstract:Abstract Nutrient and energy demands of Sexual Maturation influence fillet composition and texture in many fish cultivars. Effects of Sexual Maturation on growth and on fillet composition and texture were investigated in rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane. Diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) female rainbow trout were reared from July 2008 through spawning in March 2009. Growth rates were greater in the 2N females from August through October; whereas, the reverse response was true in February and March, resulting in similar overall growth rates and body weight (3140 ± 76 g). Raw fillets were softer, regardless of ploidy, between September and January (Allo-Kramer shear) compared to July, but increased again in March (366.79 g/g). By November, 2N females had lower fillet fat content and higher moisture content than 3N females. Fat content negatively correlated with shear force (r = − 0.35, R 2 = 0.12). Alkaline-insoluble (a-i) hydroxyproline (HYP) concentration was similar for 2N and 3N muscle through January but increased 2 and 4 folds for 3N and 2N muscles, respectively, by March. A-i HYP positively correlated with energy of shear (r = 0.41, R 2 = 0.17). In summary, during the five months prior to spawning and in females on a high nutritional plane, increased accumulation of fat in 3N females resulted in decreased firmness of raw fillets; whereas, increased insoluble collagen content, primarily in 2N females, increased fillet firmness in the month of spawning.
Mohamed Salem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation and triploidy on chemical composition and fatty acid content of energy stores in female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
2012Co-Authors: Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Mohamed Salem, Jianbo Yao, Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Brett P KenneyAbstract:Abstract Sexual Maturation is an energy and nutrient demanding physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of Sexual Maturation on lipid mobilization in female rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane, fish growth, egg development, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, visceral fat, and gonads were determined for diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) females from July 2008 thru March 2009, when most 2N females ovulated. Previously, we reported there were minimal differences in most growth measurements between the 2N and 3N fish in this study, but there were changes in muscle proximate composition and visceral fat stores. Here, we report changes in proximate composition of liver, gonads, visceral adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of these tissues and muscle during Sexual Maturation of 2N females with 3N females serving as the control. Similar and distinct patterns of change in fatty acids were observed between tissues of 2N and 3N fish, and among different tissues as the 2N fish were maturing. Highly unsaturated, long chain fatty acids appear to play an important role in gonadogenesis, either as a source of energy or for deposition in eggs to support offspring development and survival. Differences in growth and preferential mobilization of fatty acids are observed when fish are on a high nutritional plane compared to more typical, lower nutritional regimens.
-
effect of Sexual Maturation on growth fillet composition and texture of female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss on a high nutritional plane
2011Co-Authors: Aunchalee Aussanasuwannakul, Meghan L Manor, Gregory M Weber, Jianbo Yao, Brett P Kenney, S D Slider, Mohamed SalemAbstract:Abstract Nutrient and energy demands of Sexual Maturation influence fillet composition and texture in many fish cultivars. Effects of Sexual Maturation on growth and on fillet composition and texture were investigated in rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane. Diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) female rainbow trout were reared from July 2008 through spawning in March 2009. Growth rates were greater in the 2N females from August through October; whereas, the reverse response was true in February and March, resulting in similar overall growth rates and body weight (3140 ± 76 g). Raw fillets were softer, regardless of ploidy, between September and January (Allo-Kramer shear) compared to July, but increased again in March (366.79 g/g). By November, 2N females had lower fillet fat content and higher moisture content than 3N females. Fat content negatively correlated with shear force (r = − 0.35, R 2 = 0.12). Alkaline-insoluble (a-i) hydroxyproline (HYP) concentration was similar for 2N and 3N muscle through January but increased 2 and 4 folds for 3N and 2N muscles, respectively, by March. A-i HYP positively correlated with energy of shear (r = 0.41, R 2 = 0.17). In summary, during the five months prior to spawning and in females on a high nutritional plane, increased accumulation of fat in 3N females resulted in decreased firmness of raw fillets; whereas, increased insoluble collagen content, primarily in 2N females, increased fillet firmness in the month of spawning.
Jinqiang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
novel expression profiles of micrornas suggest that specific mirnas regulate gene expression for the Sexual Maturation of female schistosoma japonicum after pairing
2014Co-Authors: Junjun Sun, Suwen Wang, Yijiu Ren, Jinqiang WangAbstract:Background Schistosoma japonicum is one of the major causative agents of schistosomiasis. The pairing of males and females leads to female Sexual Maturation and maintains this mature state. However, the mechanisms by which pairing facilitates Sexual Maturation are yet to be investigated.
-
novel expression profiles of micrornas suggest that specific mirnas regulate gene expression for the Sexual Maturation of female schistosoma japonicum after pairing
2014Co-Authors: Junjun Sun, Suwen Wang, Yijiu Ren, Jinqiang WangAbstract:Schistosoma japonicum is one of the major causative agents of schistosomiasis. The pairing of males and females leads to female Sexual Maturation and maintains this mature state. However, the mechanisms by which pairing facilitates Sexual Maturation are yet to be investigated. Parasites isolated from single- and double-sex cercariae-infected mice were analyzed by Solexa to uncover pair-regulated miRNA profiles. To reveal the biological functions of differentially expressed miRNAs among the samples, we predicted the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs and compared the gene expression between 23-d-old female schistosomula from double-sex infections (23DSI) and 23-d-old female schistosomula from single-sex infections (23SSI) by analyzing digital gene expression profiling (DGE). KEGG pathway analysis was used to investigate the relevant biological processes of these target genes to understand the significance of differentially expressed miRNAs after pairing. The differentially expressed miRNA profiles of female 18- and 23-d post-single- and double-sex infections were analysed by Solexa. Similar miRNA profiles were observed in 18SSI and 18DSI, with the presence of identically expressed high-abundance miRNA, such as miRNA-1, miRNA-71b-5p and let-7. By contrast, in 23DSI and 23SSI, most of these high-abundance miRNAs were down-regulated. Furthermore, among all samples, bantam was distinctly up-regulated in 23 DSI, and miR-1, miR-71, miR-7-5p, and miR-7 were distinctly up-regulated in 23SSI. The transcriptomes of 23DSI and 23SSI revealed that the predicted target genes of miRNA-1, miRNA-71, miRNA-7, and miR-7-5p were associated with the ribonucleoprotein complex assembly and microtubule-based process. Conversely, the predicted target genes of bantam were related to the embryo development, development of primary Sexual characteristics and regulation of transcription. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that in unpaired females, the highly-expressed miRNA-1, miRNA-71, miRNA-7, and miR-7-5p only inhibited the limited pathways, such as proteasome and ribosome assembly. Meanwhile, in paired mature females, highly-expressed bantam inhibited more biological pathways, such as the citrate cycle, glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis and RNA degradation. The differentially expressed miRNAs between 23SSI and 23DSI and their different functions indicated that more genes or metabolic pathways in paired mature females were inhibited than those in unpaired ones. The results suggested that after pairing, specific miRNAs regulated gene expression to lead to female Sexual Maturation.
