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Stephen T. Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parent-child Relationships and Sexual Minority Youth: Implications for Adult Alcohol Abuse.
    Journal of youth and adolescence, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jessica N. Fish, Ryan J. Watson, Beth S. Russell, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Sexual Minority (lesbian, gay, biSexual, and same-sex attracted) Youth and adults report elevated rates of alcohol use and abuse relative to their heteroSexual peers; these differences are strongest for Sexual Minority girls and women. Although preliminary evidence suggests that unsupportive parenting and maladaptive parent-child relationship qualities are associated with concurrent substance use among Sexual Minority Youth, questions remain about the long-term implications of these early familial experiences on drinking behaviors among Sexual Minority Youth and adults. Nationally-representative prospective data (n = 14,800; 53.1% female; Wave 1 Mean age = 15.61; Wave 4 Mean age = 28.51) were used to test the longitudinal association between parent-child relationships and parental autonomy granting between the ages of 13–18, and Sexual-orientation-related disparities in alcohol abuse during adulthood. The findings showed that adolescent same-sex attraction was associated with alcohol abuse during adulthood for Sexual Minority women and that deficits in parent-child relationship quality statistically mediated this association. No Sexual orientation differences in alcohol abuse were found among men. The findings suggest that the quality of relationships with parents in early adolescence has long-lasting impact on Sexual Minority women’s vulnerability for alcohol abuse. Early interventions that bolster supportive parent-child relationship qualities may have enduring consequences for Sexual Minority women’s alcohol use across the life course.

  • are Sexual Minority Youth overrepresented in foster care child welfare and out of home placement findings from nationally representative data
    Child Abuse & Neglect, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura Baams, Jessica N. Fish, Armeda Stevenson Wojciak, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Preliminary evidence suggests that Sexual Minority (e.g. lesbian, gay, biSexual, and same-sex attracted) Youth are overrepresented in child welfare services. Yet, no study to date has been able to test this hypothesis with national data. Objective Using a two-study design, we test whether Sexual Minority Youth are overrepresented in child welfare, foster care, and out-of-home placement using nationally representative data from the United States. Participants and setting Study 1 data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 14,154; Mean age = 15.4). Study 2 data are from wave three of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II (n = 1309; Mean age = 15.0). Methods For Study 1, we use adjusted logistic regression models to test differences in lifetime foster care involvement between Sexual Minority and heteroSexual Youth. In Study 2, we calculate a Disproportionality Representation Index (DRI) – a ratio of sample prevalence relative to the general population – to estimate whether Sexual Minority Youth were overrepresented in child welfare and out-of-home care. Results Study 1 results indicate that Sexual Minority Youth are nearly 2.5 times as likely as heteroSexual Youth to experience foster care placement (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.40, 4.21, p = .002). Results from Study 2 show that Sexual Minority Youth were largely overrepresented in child welfare services (DRI = 1.95–2.48) and out-of-home placement (DRI = 3.69–4.68). Conclusions Findings are the first to demonstrate Sexual Minority Youth’s overrepresentation in child welfare, foster care, and out-of-home placement using nationally representative data and emphasizes the need for focused research on Sexual Minority Youth involved in the child welfare system.

  • Sexual Minority Youth report high intensity binge drinking the critical role of school victimization
    Journal of Adolescent Health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jessica N. Fish, John E Schulenberg, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose To examine standard binge drinking (≥4 drinks for females, ≥5 drinks for males) and high-intensity binge drinking (≥8 drinks for females, ≥10 drinks for males) among heteroSexual and Sexual Minority Youth in the US and whether reports of school-based victimization mediate this association. Methods Survey data are from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 10,839, Mage = 16.07). Logistic regression adjusted for race/ethnicity and age compared rates of standard and high-intensity binge drinking among heteroSexual and Sexual Minority Youth and whether experiences of school-based victimization mediated this association. Effects were tested in full sample and sex-stratified models. Results Lesbian and biSexual girls and girls with male and female partners were more likely than heteroSexual girls to report standard rates of binge drinking. Lesbian girls and girls reporting male and female Sexual partners were more likely than heteroSexual girls to report high-intensity binge drinking in the past 30 days. Compared with heteroSexual boys, gay boys were significantly less likely to participate in high-intensity binge drinking. School-based victimization mediated all significant associations between Sexual Minority status and standard and high-intensity binge drinking, with the exception of lesbian girls. Conclusion Lesbian and behaviorally biSexual girls have elevated risk for high-intensity binge drinking relative to heteroSexual girls. Findings point to the importance of policies that reduce school-based victimization as these experiences are associated with higher rates of standard and high-intensity binge drinking among Sexual Minority girls.

  • Sexual Minority Youth, Social Change, and Health: A Developmental Collision
    Research in human development, 2019
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Russell, Jessica N. Fish
    Abstract:

    Few societal attitudes and opinions have changed as quickly as those regarding Sexual Minority people and rights. In the context of dramatic social change in the space of a single generation, there have been multiple policy changes toward social inclusion and rights for lesbian, gay, and biSexual (LGB) people, and perceptions that the sociocultural context for LGB people - perhaps particularly for Youth - has improved. Yet recent evidence from the developmental sciences points to paradoxical findings: in many cases there have been growing rather than shrinking health disparities. In light of swift sociocultural changes, combined with emergent findings regarding the health and wellbeing of Sexual Minority Youth, we suggest that there is a developmental collision between normative adolescent developmental processes and Sexual Minority Youth identities and visibility. The result is a new reality for Sexual Minority Youth health and disparities.

  • Sexual Minority Youth are Over-represented and Have Worse Outcomes in the Child Welfare System
    2019
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Russell, Bianca D. M. Wilson, Jessica N. Fish, Laura Baams, Armeda Stevenson Wojciak
    Abstract:

    This brief, from PRC faculty research associate Stephen T. Russell and colleagues, reports on a study using nationally representative data to show that the over-representation of Sexual Minority Youth in child welfare systems is a national phenomenon. This brief also reports on a companion study which finds that Sexual Minority Youth in foster care or out-of-home placement experience more victimization, poorer school functioning, more substance use, and poorer mental health compared with heteroSexual Youth.

Jessica N. Fish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parent-child Relationships and Sexual Minority Youth: Implications for Adult Alcohol Abuse.
    Journal of youth and adolescence, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jessica N. Fish, Ryan J. Watson, Beth S. Russell, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Sexual Minority (lesbian, gay, biSexual, and same-sex attracted) Youth and adults report elevated rates of alcohol use and abuse relative to their heteroSexual peers; these differences are strongest for Sexual Minority girls and women. Although preliminary evidence suggests that unsupportive parenting and maladaptive parent-child relationship qualities are associated with concurrent substance use among Sexual Minority Youth, questions remain about the long-term implications of these early familial experiences on drinking behaviors among Sexual Minority Youth and adults. Nationally-representative prospective data (n = 14,800; 53.1% female; Wave 1 Mean age = 15.61; Wave 4 Mean age = 28.51) were used to test the longitudinal association between parent-child relationships and parental autonomy granting between the ages of 13–18, and Sexual-orientation-related disparities in alcohol abuse during adulthood. The findings showed that adolescent same-sex attraction was associated with alcohol abuse during adulthood for Sexual Minority women and that deficits in parent-child relationship quality statistically mediated this association. No Sexual orientation differences in alcohol abuse were found among men. The findings suggest that the quality of relationships with parents in early adolescence has long-lasting impact on Sexual Minority women’s vulnerability for alcohol abuse. Early interventions that bolster supportive parent-child relationship qualities may have enduring consequences for Sexual Minority women’s alcohol use across the life course.

  • are Sexual Minority Youth overrepresented in foster care child welfare and out of home placement findings from nationally representative data
    Child Abuse & Neglect, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura Baams, Jessica N. Fish, Armeda Stevenson Wojciak, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Preliminary evidence suggests that Sexual Minority (e.g. lesbian, gay, biSexual, and same-sex attracted) Youth are overrepresented in child welfare services. Yet, no study to date has been able to test this hypothesis with national data. Objective Using a two-study design, we test whether Sexual Minority Youth are overrepresented in child welfare, foster care, and out-of-home placement using nationally representative data from the United States. Participants and setting Study 1 data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 14,154; Mean age = 15.4). Study 2 data are from wave three of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II (n = 1309; Mean age = 15.0). Methods For Study 1, we use adjusted logistic regression models to test differences in lifetime foster care involvement between Sexual Minority and heteroSexual Youth. In Study 2, we calculate a Disproportionality Representation Index (DRI) – a ratio of sample prevalence relative to the general population – to estimate whether Sexual Minority Youth were overrepresented in child welfare and out-of-home care. Results Study 1 results indicate that Sexual Minority Youth are nearly 2.5 times as likely as heteroSexual Youth to experience foster care placement (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.40, 4.21, p = .002). Results from Study 2 show that Sexual Minority Youth were largely overrepresented in child welfare services (DRI = 1.95–2.48) and out-of-home placement (DRI = 3.69–4.68). Conclusions Findings are the first to demonstrate Sexual Minority Youth’s overrepresentation in child welfare, foster care, and out-of-home placement using nationally representative data and emphasizes the need for focused research on Sexual Minority Youth involved in the child welfare system.

  • Sexual Minority Youth report high intensity binge drinking the critical role of school victimization
    Journal of Adolescent Health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jessica N. Fish, John E Schulenberg, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose To examine standard binge drinking (≥4 drinks for females, ≥5 drinks for males) and high-intensity binge drinking (≥8 drinks for females, ≥10 drinks for males) among heteroSexual and Sexual Minority Youth in the US and whether reports of school-based victimization mediate this association. Methods Survey data are from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 10,839, Mage = 16.07). Logistic regression adjusted for race/ethnicity and age compared rates of standard and high-intensity binge drinking among heteroSexual and Sexual Minority Youth and whether experiences of school-based victimization mediated this association. Effects were tested in full sample and sex-stratified models. Results Lesbian and biSexual girls and girls with male and female partners were more likely than heteroSexual girls to report standard rates of binge drinking. Lesbian girls and girls reporting male and female Sexual partners were more likely than heteroSexual girls to report high-intensity binge drinking in the past 30 days. Compared with heteroSexual boys, gay boys were significantly less likely to participate in high-intensity binge drinking. School-based victimization mediated all significant associations between Sexual Minority status and standard and high-intensity binge drinking, with the exception of lesbian girls. Conclusion Lesbian and behaviorally biSexual girls have elevated risk for high-intensity binge drinking relative to heteroSexual girls. Findings point to the importance of policies that reduce school-based victimization as these experiences are associated with higher rates of standard and high-intensity binge drinking among Sexual Minority girls.

  • Sexual Minority Youth, Social Change, and Health: A Developmental Collision
    Research in human development, 2019
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Russell, Jessica N. Fish
    Abstract:

    Few societal attitudes and opinions have changed as quickly as those regarding Sexual Minority people and rights. In the context of dramatic social change in the space of a single generation, there have been multiple policy changes toward social inclusion and rights for lesbian, gay, and biSexual (LGB) people, and perceptions that the sociocultural context for LGB people - perhaps particularly for Youth - has improved. Yet recent evidence from the developmental sciences points to paradoxical findings: in many cases there have been growing rather than shrinking health disparities. In light of swift sociocultural changes, combined with emergent findings regarding the health and wellbeing of Sexual Minority Youth, we suggest that there is a developmental collision between normative adolescent developmental processes and Sexual Minority Youth identities and visibility. The result is a new reality for Sexual Minority Youth health and disparities.

  • Sexual Minority Youth are Over-represented and Have Worse Outcomes in the Child Welfare System
    2019
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Russell, Bianca D. M. Wilson, Jessica N. Fish, Laura Baams, Armeda Stevenson Wojciak
    Abstract:

    This brief, from PRC faculty research associate Stephen T. Russell and colleagues, reports on a study using nationally representative data to show that the over-representation of Sexual Minority Youth in child welfare systems is a national phenomenon. This brief also reports on a companion study which finds that Sexual Minority Youth in foster care or out-of-home placement experience more victimization, poorer school functioning, more substance use, and poorer mental health compared with heteroSexual Youth.

Dorothy L Espelage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Why Are We Not Closing the Gap in Suicide Disparities for Sexual Minority Youth
    Pediatrics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Brian Mustanski, Dorothy L Espelage
    Abstract:

    * Abbreviation: SMY — : Sexual Minority Youth In 2017, suicide was the second leading cause of death for individuals 10 to 24 years old.1 After a stable period from 2000 to 2007, the suicide rate among 15- to 19-year-old Youth increased 76% through 2017. Sexual Minority Youth (SMY) have been known to be at increased risk.2 In this issue of Pediatrics , 2 groups of authors address the important question of whether the social progress toward acceptance of SMY has ameliorated this disparity. Liu et al3 report on trends of suicidal ideation and behaviors across a 23-year period (1995–2017) using data from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance. Rates of suicidal ideation and behaviors declined for both SMY and heteroSexual Youth, with a steeper decline for heteroSexual Youth; rates remained markedly high for SMY across the 23 years with upward of 40% reporting ideation, 41% a plan, and 33% an attempt. Raifman et al4 expanded their consideration of suicide attempts among adolescents to include Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance data (2009–2017) across 10 US states. Although suicide attempts declined among SMY, these Youth were >3 times more likely to attempt suicide relative to heteroSexual students in 2017. Although decreases in suicidal ideation and behaviors in both studies is encouraging, … Address correspondence to Brian Mustanski, PhD, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 14-061, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail: brian{at}northwestern.edu

  • understanding suicide among Sexual Minority Youth in america an ecological systems analysis
    Journal of Adolescence, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L Espelage, Michael J Kral
    Abstract:

    This article examines major risk factors for suicide among Sexual Minority Youth using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Although suicidal behavior among Sexual Minority Youth is a major public concern in the United States, understanding of this phenomenon has been limited since the majority of empirical research studies have addressed individual level characteristics without much consideration to the larger environmental contexts. This review integrates past and current empirical findings on suicidal behaviors of Sexual Minority Youth within the context of micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-systems levels. Finally, it draws implications for assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies. Language: en

  • Understanding suicide among Sexual Minority Youth in America: An ecological systems analysis
    Journal of adolescence, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L Espelage, Michael J Kral
    Abstract:

    This article examines major risk factors for suicide among Sexual Minority Youth using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Although suicidal behavior among Sexual Minority Youth is a major public concern in the United States, understanding of this phenomenon has been limited since the majority of empirical research studies have addressed individual level characteristics without much consideration to the larger environmental contexts. This review integrates past and current empirical findings on suicidal behaviors of Sexual Minority Youth within the context of micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-systems levels. Finally, it draws implications for assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies.

Michael J Kral - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • understanding suicide among Sexual Minority Youth in america an ecological systems analysis
    Journal of Adolescence, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L Espelage, Michael J Kral
    Abstract:

    This article examines major risk factors for suicide among Sexual Minority Youth using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Although suicidal behavior among Sexual Minority Youth is a major public concern in the United States, understanding of this phenomenon has been limited since the majority of empirical research studies have addressed individual level characteristics without much consideration to the larger environmental contexts. This review integrates past and current empirical findings on suicidal behaviors of Sexual Minority Youth within the context of micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-systems levels. Finally, it draws implications for assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies. Language: en

  • Understanding suicide among Sexual Minority Youth in America: An ecological systems analysis
    Journal of adolescence, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L Espelage, Michael J Kral
    Abstract:

    This article examines major risk factors for suicide among Sexual Minority Youth using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Although suicidal behavior among Sexual Minority Youth is a major public concern in the United States, understanding of this phenomenon has been limited since the majority of empirical research studies have addressed individual level characteristics without much consideration to the larger environmental contexts. This review integrates past and current empirical findings on suicidal behaviors of Sexual Minority Youth within the context of micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, and chrono-systems levels. Finally, it draws implications for assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies.

Laura Baams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • are Sexual Minority Youth overrepresented in foster care child welfare and out of home placement findings from nationally representative data
    Child Abuse & Neglect, 2019
    Co-Authors: Laura Baams, Jessica N. Fish, Armeda Stevenson Wojciak, Stephen T. Russell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Preliminary evidence suggests that Sexual Minority (e.g. lesbian, gay, biSexual, and same-sex attracted) Youth are overrepresented in child welfare services. Yet, no study to date has been able to test this hypothesis with national data. Objective Using a two-study design, we test whether Sexual Minority Youth are overrepresented in child welfare, foster care, and out-of-home placement using nationally representative data from the United States. Participants and setting Study 1 data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 14,154; Mean age = 15.4). Study 2 data are from wave three of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II (n = 1309; Mean age = 15.0). Methods For Study 1, we use adjusted logistic regression models to test differences in lifetime foster care involvement between Sexual Minority and heteroSexual Youth. In Study 2, we calculate a Disproportionality Representation Index (DRI) – a ratio of sample prevalence relative to the general population – to estimate whether Sexual Minority Youth were overrepresented in child welfare and out-of-home care. Results Study 1 results indicate that Sexual Minority Youth are nearly 2.5 times as likely as heteroSexual Youth to experience foster care placement (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.40, 4.21, p = .002). Results from Study 2 show that Sexual Minority Youth were largely overrepresented in child welfare services (DRI = 1.95–2.48) and out-of-home placement (DRI = 3.69–4.68). Conclusions Findings are the first to demonstrate Sexual Minority Youth’s overrepresentation in child welfare, foster care, and out-of-home placement using nationally representative data and emphasizes the need for focused research on Sexual Minority Youth involved in the child welfare system.

  • Sexual Minority Youth are Over-represented and Have Worse Outcomes in the Child Welfare System
    2019
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Russell, Bianca D. M. Wilson, Jessica N. Fish, Laura Baams, Armeda Stevenson Wojciak
    Abstract:

    This brief, from PRC faculty research associate Stephen T. Russell and colleagues, reports on a study using nationally representative data to show that the over-representation of Sexual Minority Youth in child welfare systems is a national phenomenon. This brief also reports on a companion study which finds that Sexual Minority Youth in foster care or out-of-home placement experience more victimization, poorer school functioning, more substance use, and poorer mental health compared with heteroSexual Youth.

  • Minority stress perceived burdensomeness and depressive symptoms among Sexual Minority Youth
    Journal of Adolescence, 2018
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Russell, Laura Baams, Judith Semon Dubas, Rosemarie Buikema, Marcel A G Van Aken
    Abstract:

    Although studies have shown links between Minority stress and mental health (e.g., Meyer, 2003), there is little research explaining this association. Research has suggested that adequate coping skills might protect Youth from the negative impact of stress (Compas et al., 2017). Thus, we aimed to examine: 1) whether associations between Minority stress and depressive symptoms occurred through mechanisms of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and 2) whether these associations were dependent on level of problem-solving coping (moderated mediation). Using an online survey of 267 Sexual Minority Youth from the Netherlands (16-22 years; 28.8% male), the results show an indirect relationship of Sexual orientation victimization and internalized homophobia with depressive symptoms occurring through perceived burdensomeness; for both males and females. Problem-solving coping skills did not significantly moderate the aforementioned indirect relationships. These results have implications for prevention and intervention work that currently focuses on social isolation rather than perceived burdensomeness.

  • Microaggressions and depressive symptoms in Sexual Minority Youth: The roles of rumination and social support.
    Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2017
    Co-Authors: Tessa M. L. Kaufman, Laura Baams, Judith Semon Dubas
    Abstract:

    Mental health disparities between Sexual Minority and heteroSexual Youth are often explained by discriminatory experiences and rejection. Although many studies focus on explicit victimization, the consequences of subtle, everyday discriminations (“microaggressions”) against Sexual Minority Youth are unknown. With an online study among 267 Dutch Sexual Minority Youth (ages 16–22 years) we investigated indirect associations between Sexual orientation microaggression experiences and depressive symptoms through rumination and whether these could be buffered by Sexuality-specific support. Microaggression experiences were indirectly related to depressive symptoms, through rumination. We found no buffering effects of support. Findings call for awareness of the potentially negative impact of subtle discriminatory experiences, in addition to explicit discrimination, and the negative mental health outcomes that may develop as a result of ruminative emotion regulation.