The Experts below are selected from a list of 188196 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph P Iannotti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extracorporeal Shock Wave therapy in the treatment of chronic tendinopathies
Journal of The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2006Co-Authors: Andrew Sems, Robert J Dimeff, Joseph P IannottiAbstract:Many clinical trials have evaluated the use of extracorporeal Shock Wave therapy for treating patients with chronic tendinosis of the supraspinatus, lateral epicondylitis, and plantar fasciitis. Although extracorporeal Shock Wave therapy has been reported to be effective in some trials, in others it was no more effective than placebo. The multiple variables associated with this therapy, such as the amount of energy delivered, the method of focusing the Shock Waves, frequency and timing of delivery, and whether or not anesthetics are used, makes comparing clinical trials difficult. Calcific tendinosis of the supraspinatus and plantar fasciitis have been successfully managed with extracorporeal Shock Wave therapy when nonsurgical management has failed. Results have been mixed in the management of lateral epicondylitis, however, and this therapy has not been effective in managing noncalcific tendinosis of the supraspinatus. Extracorporeal Shock Wave therapy has consistently been more effective with patient feedback, which enables directing the Shock Waves to the most painful area (clinical focusing), rather than with anatomic or image-guided focusing, which are used to direct the Shock Wave to an anatomic landmark or structure.
Kazuyoshi Takayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shock Wave Mitigation
Visualization of Shock Wave Phenomena, 2019Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi TakayamaAbstract:Shock Wave mitigation in air is one of the important research topics of the Shock-Wave research. Strong or moderate Shock Waves can be attenuated in a relatively straightforward manner, whereas weak Shock Waves take a longer process to be attenuated to sound Waves. In this chapter experimental results of Shock Wave mitigations are presented.
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Shock Wave interaction with rigid porous baffle plates
25th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics, 2003Co-Authors: Go Utsunomiya, Kazuyoshi TakayamaAbstract:The aim in this paper is clarification of the role of Shock Waves in compressible turbulent flows by comparing Shock Wave interaction with baffle plates of a solid and a rigid porous materials. As the basic research for this purpose, experimental investigation of the Shock Wave attenuation over solid and rigid porous baffle plates is presented. These models with two different heights are installed in 60 mm x 150 mm diaphragmless Shock tube. Observations of double exposure holographic interferometry and pressure measurements at several points are carried out. The difference of Shock Wave attenuation over these models can be clarified.
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Applications of Shock Wave Phenomena to Interdisciplinary Research
Jsme International Journal Series B-fluids and Thermal Engineering, 2002Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi TakayamaAbstract:Paper briefly describes applications of Shock Wave phenomena to interdisciplinary research, which are in progress in the Interdisciplinary Shock Wave Research Center. This project is funded by the grant-in-aid science research under the COE program entitled the investigation of Shock Wave phenomena in complex media and its interdisciplinary application. Its goal is to extend results of this basic research not only to interdisciplinary research programs and also to establish a new paradigm of Shock Wave research.
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The formation of a secondary Shock Wave behind a Shock Wave diffracting at a convex corner
Shock Waves, 1997Co-Authors: Mingyu Sun, Kazuyoshi TakayamaAbstract:This paper deals with the formation of a secondary Shock Wave behind the Shock Wave diffracting at a two-dimensional convex corner for incident Shock Mach numbers ranging from 1.03 to 1.74 in air. Experiments were carried out using a 60 mm $\times$ 150 mm Shock tube equipped with holographic interferometry. The threshold incident Shock Wave Mach number ( $M_s$ ) at which a secondary Shock Wave appeared was found to be $M_s$ = 1.32 at an 81° corner and $M_s$ = 1.33 at a 120° corner. These secondary Shock Waves are formed due to the existence of a locally supersonic flow behind the diffracting Shock Wave. Behind the diffracting Shock Wave, the subsonic flow is accelerated and eventually becomes locally supersonic. A simple unsteady flow analysis revealed that for gases with specific heats ratio $\gamma = 1.4$ the threshold Shock Wave Mach number was $M_s$ = 1.346. When the value of $M_s$ is less than this, the vortex is formed at the corner without any discontinuous Waves accompanying above the slip line. The viscosity was found to be less effective on the threshold of the secondary Shock Wave, although it attenuated the pressure jump at the secondary Shock Wave. This is well understood by the consideration of the effect of the wall friction in one-dimensional duct flows. In order to interpret the experimental results a numerical simulation using a Shock adaptive unstructured grid Eulerian solver was also carried out.
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Application of Underwater Shock Wave Focusing to the Development of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 1993Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi TakayamaAbstract:This paper describes a summary of a research project for the development of extracorporeal Shock Wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which has been carried out, under close collaboration between the Shock Wave Research Center of Tohoku University and the School of Medicine, Tohoku University. The ESWL is a noninvasive clinical treatment of disintegrating human calculi and one of the most peaceful applications of Shock Waves. Underwater spherical Shock Waves were generated by explosion of microexplosives. Characteristics of the underwater Shock Waves and of ultrasound focusing were studied by means of holographic interferometric flow visualization and polyvinyliden-difluoride (PVDF) pressure transducers. These focused pressures, when applied to clinical treatments, could effectively and noninvasively disintegrate urinary tract stones or gallbladder stones. However, despite clincal success, tissue damage occurs during ESWL treatments, and the possible mechanism of tissue damage is briefly described.
George Briassulis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shock Wave—Turbulence Interactions
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2000Co-Authors: Yiannis Andreopoulos, J. H. Agui, George BriassulisAbstract:▪ Abstract The idealized interactions of Shock Waves with homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, homogeneous sheared turbulence, turbulent jets, shear layers, turbulent wake flows, and two-dimensional boundary layers have been reviewed. The interaction between a Shock Wave and turbulence is mutual. A Shock Wave exhibits substantial unsteadiness and deformation as a result of the interaction, whereas the characteristic velocity, timescales and length scales of turbulence change considerably. The outcomes of the interaction depend on the strength, orientation, location, and shape of the Shock Wave, as well as the flow geometry and boundary conditions. The state of turbulence and the compressibility of the incoming flow are two additional parameters that also affect the interaction.
Shigeru Itoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the basic research for pulverization of rice using underwater Shock Wave by electric discharge
The International Journal of Multiphysics, 2011Co-Authors: Manabu Shibuta, Naoyuki Wada, Shigeru Tanaka, Hideki Hamashima, Shigeru ItohAbstract:In recent years, the food self-support rate of Japan is 40%, and this value is the lowest level in major developed countries. This reason includes decreasing of diverting rice consumption in Japan and increasing abandonment of cultivation. Therefore, these problems are solved by using rice powder instead of expensive flour, and we manage to increase the food selfsupport rate. Previously, the rice powder is manufactured by two methods. One is dry type, and the other is wet type. The former is the method getting rice powder by running dried rice to rotating metal, and has a problem which that starch is damaged by heat when processing was performed. The latter is performed same method against wet rice, and has a problem which a large quantity of water is used. As a method to solve these problems, an underwater Shock Wave is used. Shock Wave is the pressure Wave which is over speed of sound by discharging high energy in short time. Propagating Shock Wave in water is underwater Shock Wave. The characters of underwater Shock Wave are long duration of Shock Wave because water density is uniform, water is low price and easy to get and not heat processing. Thinking of industrialization, the electric discharge is used as the generating source of underwater Shock Wave in the experiment. As the results, the efficiency of obtaining enough grain size, 100im, of rice powder was too bad only using the simple processing using underwater Shock Wave. Therefore, in Okinawa National College of Technology collaborating with us, obtaining rice powder with higher efficiency by using converged underwater Shock Wave is the goal of this research. In this research, the underwater Shock Wave with equal energy of the experimental device of underwater Shock Wave is measured by the optical observation. In addition, the appearance converging underwater Shock Wave is simulated by numerical analysis, and the pressure appreciation rate between the first Wave and converged underwater Shock Wave is calculated by using the pressure history of 2nd focal point.
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Numerical Simulation and Experiment for Underwater Shock Wave in Newly Designed Pressure Vessel
The International Journal of Multiphysics, 2010Co-Authors: Manabu Shibuta, Hideki Hamashima, Shigeru ItohAbstract:Modern eating habits depend in large part on the development of food processing technology. Thermal treatments are often performed in the conventional food processing, but it can cause discoloration and loss of nutrients of the food by thermal processing or treatment. On the other hand, food processing using an underwater Shock Wave has little influence of heat and its processing time is very short, preventing the loss of nutrients. In this research optical observation experiment and the numerical simulation were performed, in order to understand and control the behavior of the underwater Shock Wave in the development of the processing container using an underwater Shock Wave for the factory and home. In this experiment a rectangular container was used to observe the behavior of the underwater Shock Wave. In the experiment, the Shock Wave was generated by using explosive on the Shock Wave generation side. The Shock Wave, which passed through the phosphor bronze and propagated from the aluminum sidewall, was observed on the processing container side. Numerical simulation of an analogous experimental model was investigated, where LS-DYNA software was used for the numerical simulation. The comparative study of the experiment and the numerical simulation was investigated. The behavior of a precursor Shock Wave from the device wall was able to be clarified. This result is used for development of the device in numerical simulation.
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The Industrial Applications of Underwater Shock Wave
Materials Science Forum, 2007Co-Authors: Shigeru ItohAbstract:The industrial applications of under Shock Wave have been investigated in our center. This paper concerns with the improvement of foods and wood using underwater Shock Wave. Underwater Shock Wave is easily generated by means of explosion of explosives or high voltage electric discharge in water. A detonating fuse and an electric detonator were used for generation of underwater Shock Wave, and apples were used as food sample for food processing experiments. The behavior of underwater Shock Wave was investigated by optical observations. The extraction and the amount of phenolic compounds in apple juice obtained from the Shock treated sample were higher than that of control samples. It is considered that the underwater Shock Wave treatment for apples has a big possibility in food processing. The results of coffee bean and other food processing by underwater Shock Wave were presented at the conference. Moreover the properties of wood were well improved by Shock loading. The resistance of wood has been improved significantly.
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On Glass Crushing Using Underwater Shock Wave
Emerging Technology in Fluids Structures and Fluid Structure Interactions: Volume 2 Dynamics of Explosive Detonation Materials and Structures Structur, 2004Co-Authors: Hirofumi Iyama, Toshiaki Watanabe, Shigeru ItohAbstract:Glass products can be divided as reusable and non reusable. 20% of glass products are non-reusable, and it becomes glass cullet of the bottle raw material after recovery. The utility rate of this glass cullet is low as the processing cost is expensive. Therefore, the new glass cullet generating method using underwater Shock Wave is proposed in this paper. The underwater Shock Wave, which acts on a beer glass, was observed using a high speed camera.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
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Shock Wave and Biotechnology
Emerging Technology in Fluids Structures and Fluid Structure Interactions, 2003Co-Authors: Shigeru ItohAbstract:In order to clarify relation between chemical character and physical power, the test of Shock Wave loading for a living thing was carried out. In case of foraminifera, breeding from a fragment was confirmed in the observation test, after Shock Wave loading. And, as for the bivalve, the shell was very easy separated from organics. In the experiment of the underwater Shock Wave loading to a wood, alternative destruction of pit membrane realized improvement in moisture permeability. Furthermore, when the super-criticality disassembly experiment was conducted using the wood after Shock Wave load, the very good result was obtained.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
J.-d. Parisse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interaction of a planar Shock Wave with a water surface
2017Co-Authors: V. Rodriguez, G. Jourdan, A. Marty, A. Allou, J.-d. ParisseAbstract:This work is about experimental study of a planar Shock Wave which slide over a water surface. The aim is to observe the air-water interface and the droplet entrainment which is associated. Experiments are performed at atmospheric pressure in a 200×200-mm²-square-cross-section Shock tube for depths of 10, 20 and 30 mm and two incident planar Shock Waves having Mach number of 1.11 and 1.43. We recorded the pressure histories and high-speed visualization to study the flow patterns, surface Waves and spray layers behind the Shock Wave. We observed two different flow patterns with ripples formed at the air-water interface for the weaker Shock Wave and the dispersion of a droplet mist for the stronger Shock Wave. We analyzed pressure signals both in the air and in the water at the same location. From these pressure signals we extracted the delay time between the arrival of the compression Wave into the water and the Shock Wave in air at the same location. We show that the delay time evolves with the distance traveled over the water layer, the depth of the water layer and the Mach number of the incident Shock Wave.
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Planar Shock Wave sliding over a water layer
Experiments in Fluids, 2016Co-Authors: G. Jourdan, A. Marty, A. Allou, V. Rodriguez, · Jourdan, · Marty, · Allou, J.-d. ParisseAbstract:In this work, we conduct experiments to study the interaction between a horizontal free water layer and a planar Shock Wave that is sliding over it. Experiments are performed at atmospheric pressure in a Shock tube with a square cross section (200 × 200 mm2) for depths of 10, 20,and 30 mm; a 1500-mm-long water layer; and two incident planar Shock Waves having Mach numbers of 1.11 and 1.43. We record the pressure histories and high-speed visualizations to study the flow patterns, surface Waves, and spray layers behind the Shock Wave. We observe two different flow patterns with ripples formed at the air–water interface for the weaker Shock Wave and the dispersion of a droplet mist for the stronger Shock Wave. From the pressure signals, we extract the delay time between the arrival of the compression Wave into water and the Shock Wave in air at the same location. We show that the delay time evolves with the distance traveled over the water layer, the depth of the water layer, and the Mach number of the Shock Wave.
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Planar Shock Wave sliding over a water layer
Experiments in Fluids, 2016Co-Authors: V. Rodriguez, G. Jourdan, A. Marty, A. Allou, J.-d. ParisseAbstract:In this work, we conduct experiments to study the interaction between a horizontal free water layer and a planar Shock Wave that is sliding over it. Experiments are performed at atmospheric pressure in a Shock tube with a square cross section ( $$200\times 200\,\hbox {mm}^2$$ 200 × 200 mm 2 ) for depths of 10, 20, and 30 mm; a 1500-mm-long water layer; and two incident planar Shock Waves having Mach numbers of 1.11 and 1.43. We record the pressure histories and high-speed visualizations to study the flow patterns, surface Waves, and spray layers behind the Shock Wave. We observe two different flow patterns with ripples formed at the air–water interface for the weaker Shock Wave and the dispersion of a droplet mist for the stronger Shock Wave. From the pressure signals, we extract the delay time between the arrival of the compression Wave into water and the Shock Wave in air at the same location. We show that the delay time evolves with the distance traveled over the water layer, the depth of the water layer, and the Mach number of the Shock Wave.
