The Experts below are selected from a list of 30570 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Amy Perfors - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Similarity, feature discovery, and the size principle
    2019
    Co-Authors: Danielle Navarro, Amy Perfors
    Abstract:

    In this paper we consider the “size principle” for featural similarity, which states that rare features should be weighted more heavily than common features in people’s evaluations of the similarity between two entities. Specifically, it predicts that if a feature is possessed by n objects, the expected weight scales according to a 1/n law. One justification of the size principle emerges from a Bayesian analysis of Simple Induction problems (Tenenbaum and Griffiths, 2001a, Tenenbaum and Griffiths, 2001b), and is closely related to work by Shepard (1987) proposing universal laws for inductive generalization. In this article, we (1) show that the size principle can be more generally derived as an expression of a form of representational optimality, and (2) present analyses suggesting that across 11 different data sets in the domains of animals and artifacts, human judgments are in agreement with this law. A number of implications are discussed.

  • similarity feature discovery and the size principle
    Acta Psychologica, 2010
    Co-Authors: Daniel J Navarro, Amy Perfors
    Abstract:

    In this paper we consider the "size principle" for featural similarity, which states that rare features should be weighted more heavily than common features in people's evaluations of the similarity between two entities. Specifically, it predicts that if a feature is possessed by n objects, the expected weight scales according to a 1/n law. One justification of the size principle emerges from a Bayesian analysis of Simple Induction problems (Tenenbaum & Griffiths, 2001), and is closely related to work by Shepard (1987) proposing universal laws for inductive generalization. In this article, we (1) show that the size principle can be more generally derived as an expression of a form of representational optimality, and (2) present analyses suggesting that across 11 different data sets in the domains of animals and artifacts, human judgments are in agreement with this law. A number of implications are discussed.

Hiromitsu Nakauchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Simple and Robust Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Chondrocytes by Two Small-Molecule Compounds
    Stem cell reports, 2019
    Co-Authors: Manabu Kawata, Daisuke Mori, Kosuke Kanke, Hironori Hojo, Shinsuke Ohba, Ung-il Chung, Fumiko Yano, Hideki Masaki, Makoto Otsu, Hiromitsu Nakauchi
    Abstract:

    Summary A Simple Induction protocol to differentiate chondrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using small-molecule compounds is beneficial for cartilage regenerative medicine and mechanistic studies of chondrogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that chondrocytes are robustly induced from human PSCs by Simple combination of two compounds, CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, and TTNPB, a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, under serum- and feeder-free conditions within 5–9 days. An excellent differentiation efficiency and potential to form hyaline cartilaginous tissues in vivo were demonstrated. Comprehensive gene expression and open chromatin analyses at each protocol stage revealed step-by-step differentiation toward chondrocytes. Genome-wide analysis of RAR and β-catenin association with DNA showed that retinoic acid and Wnt/β-catenin signaling collaboratively regulated the key marker genes at each differentiation stage. This method provides a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and, as an in vitro model, may facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrocyte differentiation.

Hisayuki Abe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Simple Induction of pseudopregnancy by artificial stimulation using a sonic vibration in rats
    Scientific reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Takehito Kaneko, Marina Endo, Shigemi Tsunoda, Yuki Nakagawa, Hisayuki Abe
    Abstract:

    Embryo transfer has been used as one of the essential reproductive technologies for production of new strains and maintenance of genetic resources in animals. Mating with vasectomised male rats is a requirement for inducing pseudopregnancy in female rats selected for embryo transfer. Although this procedure has been used routinely, large breeding space and high expenditure are required to maintain a sufficient number of females and vasectomised males. This study was performed to induce pseudopregnancy in females by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of vasectomised males. The females continued to be in the dioestrus stage for at least 14 days after artificial stimulation was performed. Of fresh 2-cell embryos that transferred into the oviducts of females after artificial stimulation, 56% was implanted and 50% was developed to offspring. Approximately 46% of the frozen 2-cell embryos were implanted and 24% developed into offspring. Furthermore, 66% of the fresh pronuclear embryos were implanted and 60% developed into offspring. This study successfully induced pseudopregnancy in rat females by artificial stimulation using a sonic vibration. This method, ‘Easy-ET’, was useful for efficient production and maintenance of rat strains.

Venkat G. Dharan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Simple Induction Approach and an Efficient Trinomial Lattice for Multi-State Variable Interest Rate Derivatives Models
    Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2005
    Co-Authors: Marat V. Kramin, Timur V. Kramin, Stephen D. Young, Venkat G. Dharan
    Abstract:

    This paper presents an alternative approach for interest rate lattice construction in the Ritchken and Sankarasubramanian (1995) framework. The proposed method applies a parsimonious Induction technique to represent the distribution of auxiliary state variables and value interest rate derivatives. In contrast to other approaches, this technique requires no numerical interpolations, approximations and iterative procedures for pricing interest rate options using a Simple backward Induction and, therefore, provides significant computational advantages and flexibility with respect to existing implementations. Also, the proposed trinomial interest rate lattice specification provides for a further reduction in computational costs with additional flexibility. The results of this work can be extended to a class of derivatives pricing models with path dependent state variables and generalized to multi-factor models.

Wonhee Suh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A new era of disease modeling and drug discovery using induced pluripotent stem cells
    Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Wonhee Suh
    Abstract:

    In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka first reported that in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells toward pluripotency was achieved by Simple Induction of specific transcription factors. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has since revolutionized the ways in which we explore the mechanisms of human diseases and develop therapeutics. Here, I describe the recent advances in human iPSC-based disease modeling and drug discovery and discuss the current challenges. Additionally, I outline potential future applications of human iPSCs in classifying patients based on their response to drugs in clinical trials and elucidating optimal patient-specific therapeutic strategies, which will contribute to reduced attrition rates and the development of precision medicine.