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Chingwen Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp haptosquilla pulchella
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Tsyr Huei Chiou, Chingwen WangAbstract:ABSTRACT Stomatopods, or mantis shrimp, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimp are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential Responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant Sinusoidal Response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the Response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These Responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors, indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization Response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and differently from one another.
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neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp haptosquilla pulchella
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Tsyr Huei Chiou, Chingwen WangAbstract:Stomatopods, or so-called mantis shrimps, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimps are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimps Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential Responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant Sinusoidal Response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the Response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These Responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization Response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and different from one another.
Per Sjolander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influences on the γ muscle spindle system from contralateral muscle afferents stimulated by kcl and lactic acid
Neuroscience Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mats Djupsjobacka, H Johansson, Mikael Bergenheim, Per SjolanderAbstract:Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and potassium chloride (KCl) in contralateral muscles can influence the sensitivity of primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from ipsilateral extensor and flexor muscles. The experiments were performed on 7 cats anaesthetised with α-chloralose. Recordings were made simultaneously from 2–12 single MSAs from the triceps surae (GS) and/or the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the amplitude of a fitted sine curve of MSA Responses to Sinusoidal stretching of the receptor bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 42 primary MSAs (17 from PBSt and 25 from GS) were recorded. On 33 of these, clear-cut alterations in Sinusoidal Response were evoked by injection of 1 ml KCl (200–400 mM) or 1 ml lactic acid (20–50 mM) into the arterial supply of the contralateral GS or PBSt muscles. Six out of 8 secondary MSAs showed sizeable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of KCl and/or lactic acid (3 from PBSt and 3 from GS). On both primary and secondary MSAs, from GS as well as from PBSt muscles, the large majority of effects were excitatory. All effects on secondary MSAs were compatible with reflex actions on static fusimotor neurones, whereas on primary MSAs different types of reflex Responses were observed (i.e. pure static, pure dynamic and mixtures of static and dynamic fusimotor actions). Stimuli related alterations in MSA Responses were completely abolished when the contralateral GS or PBSt nerves were anaesthetised. Intravenous injections of KCl and lactic acid, as well as arterial injections of 0.9% NaCl, were ineffective in changing the MSA Responses. It is concluded that excitation of chemosensitive sensory endings in contralateral muscles can evoke ipsilateral fusimotor reflexes which are potent enough to significantly change the sensitivity of primary and secondary MSAs.
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influences on the γ muscle spindle system from muscle afferents stimulated by kcl and lactic acid
Neuroscience Research, 1993Co-Authors: H Johansson, Mats Djupsjobacka, Per SjolanderAbstract:Abstract It is known that accumulation of contraction metabolites in muscles stimulates group III and IV afferents and induces excitation of γ-efferents to the homonymous muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and KCl in one muscle may influence the activity in primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from the chemically affected muscle and from surrounding muscles. The experiments were made on 7 cats anesthetized with α-chloralose. Recordings were made simultaneously from 2–8 single MSAs from the triceps surae (GS) and the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the depth of modulation of MSA Responses to Sinusoidal stretching of the receptor-bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 27 primary MSAs (11 from PBSt and 16 from GS) were recorded. On 24 of these clear-cut alterations in Sinusoidal Response were evoked by injection of 1 ml of KCl (50–600 mM) or 1 ml of lactic acid (20–200 mM) into the artery supply of the GS muscle. Also, all secondary MSAs recorded (4 from PBSt and 1 from GS) showed sizable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of KCl and/or lactic acid. On both primary and secondary MSAs, from GS as well as from PBSt muscles, nearly all effects observed were compatible with activation of static fusimotor neurons. Effects on MSAs were completely abolished when the ipsilateral L 7 –L 6 ventral roots were cut and when the GS nerve was anesthetized. Intravenous injections of KCl and lactic acid, as well as arterial injections of 0.9% NaCl, were ineffective in changing the MSA Responses. Thus, increased concentrations of contraction metabolites may excite primary and secondary MSAs from both homonymous and heteronymous muscles, most probably via fusimotor reflexes elicited by chemosensitive muscle afferents.
H Johansson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influences on the γ muscle spindle system from contralateral muscle afferents stimulated by kcl and lactic acid
Neuroscience Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mats Djupsjobacka, H Johansson, Mikael Bergenheim, Per SjolanderAbstract:Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and potassium chloride (KCl) in contralateral muscles can influence the sensitivity of primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from ipsilateral extensor and flexor muscles. The experiments were performed on 7 cats anaesthetised with α-chloralose. Recordings were made simultaneously from 2–12 single MSAs from the triceps surae (GS) and/or the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the amplitude of a fitted sine curve of MSA Responses to Sinusoidal stretching of the receptor bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 42 primary MSAs (17 from PBSt and 25 from GS) were recorded. On 33 of these, clear-cut alterations in Sinusoidal Response were evoked by injection of 1 ml KCl (200–400 mM) or 1 ml lactic acid (20–50 mM) into the arterial supply of the contralateral GS or PBSt muscles. Six out of 8 secondary MSAs showed sizeable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of KCl and/or lactic acid (3 from PBSt and 3 from GS). On both primary and secondary MSAs, from GS as well as from PBSt muscles, the large majority of effects were excitatory. All effects on secondary MSAs were compatible with reflex actions on static fusimotor neurones, whereas on primary MSAs different types of reflex Responses were observed (i.e. pure static, pure dynamic and mixtures of static and dynamic fusimotor actions). Stimuli related alterations in MSA Responses were completely abolished when the contralateral GS or PBSt nerves were anaesthetised. Intravenous injections of KCl and lactic acid, as well as arterial injections of 0.9% NaCl, were ineffective in changing the MSA Responses. It is concluded that excitation of chemosensitive sensory endings in contralateral muscles can evoke ipsilateral fusimotor reflexes which are potent enough to significantly change the sensitivity of primary and secondary MSAs.
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influences on the γ muscle spindle system from muscle afferents stimulated by kcl and lactic acid
Neuroscience Research, 1993Co-Authors: H Johansson, Mats Djupsjobacka, Per SjolanderAbstract:Abstract It is known that accumulation of contraction metabolites in muscles stimulates group III and IV afferents and induces excitation of γ-efferents to the homonymous muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and KCl in one muscle may influence the activity in primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from the chemically affected muscle and from surrounding muscles. The experiments were made on 7 cats anesthetized with α-chloralose. Recordings were made simultaneously from 2–8 single MSAs from the triceps surae (GS) and the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the depth of modulation of MSA Responses to Sinusoidal stretching of the receptor-bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 27 primary MSAs (11 from PBSt and 16 from GS) were recorded. On 24 of these clear-cut alterations in Sinusoidal Response were evoked by injection of 1 ml of KCl (50–600 mM) or 1 ml of lactic acid (20–200 mM) into the artery supply of the GS muscle. Also, all secondary MSAs recorded (4 from PBSt and 1 from GS) showed sizable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of KCl and/or lactic acid. On both primary and secondary MSAs, from GS as well as from PBSt muscles, nearly all effects observed were compatible with activation of static fusimotor neurons. Effects on MSAs were completely abolished when the ipsilateral L 7 –L 6 ventral roots were cut and when the GS nerve was anesthetized. Intravenous injections of KCl and lactic acid, as well as arterial injections of 0.9% NaCl, were ineffective in changing the MSA Responses. Thus, increased concentrations of contraction metabolites may excite primary and secondary MSAs from both homonymous and heteronymous muscles, most probably via fusimotor reflexes elicited by chemosensitive muscle afferents.
Mats Djupsjobacka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influences on the γ muscle spindle system from contralateral muscle afferents stimulated by kcl and lactic acid
Neuroscience Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mats Djupsjobacka, H Johansson, Mikael Bergenheim, Per SjolanderAbstract:Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and potassium chloride (KCl) in contralateral muscles can influence the sensitivity of primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from ipsilateral extensor and flexor muscles. The experiments were performed on 7 cats anaesthetised with α-chloralose. Recordings were made simultaneously from 2–12 single MSAs from the triceps surae (GS) and/or the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the amplitude of a fitted sine curve of MSA Responses to Sinusoidal stretching of the receptor bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 42 primary MSAs (17 from PBSt and 25 from GS) were recorded. On 33 of these, clear-cut alterations in Sinusoidal Response were evoked by injection of 1 ml KCl (200–400 mM) or 1 ml lactic acid (20–50 mM) into the arterial supply of the contralateral GS or PBSt muscles. Six out of 8 secondary MSAs showed sizeable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of KCl and/or lactic acid (3 from PBSt and 3 from GS). On both primary and secondary MSAs, from GS as well as from PBSt muscles, the large majority of effects were excitatory. All effects on secondary MSAs were compatible with reflex actions on static fusimotor neurones, whereas on primary MSAs different types of reflex Responses were observed (i.e. pure static, pure dynamic and mixtures of static and dynamic fusimotor actions). Stimuli related alterations in MSA Responses were completely abolished when the contralateral GS or PBSt nerves were anaesthetised. Intravenous injections of KCl and lactic acid, as well as arterial injections of 0.9% NaCl, were ineffective in changing the MSA Responses. It is concluded that excitation of chemosensitive sensory endings in contralateral muscles can evoke ipsilateral fusimotor reflexes which are potent enough to significantly change the sensitivity of primary and secondary MSAs.
-
influences on the γ muscle spindle system from muscle afferents stimulated by kcl and lactic acid
Neuroscience Research, 1993Co-Authors: H Johansson, Mats Djupsjobacka, Per SjolanderAbstract:Abstract It is known that accumulation of contraction metabolites in muscles stimulates group III and IV afferents and induces excitation of γ-efferents to the homonymous muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of lactic acid and KCl in one muscle may influence the activity in primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from the chemically affected muscle and from surrounding muscles. The experiments were made on 7 cats anesthetized with α-chloralose. Recordings were made simultaneously from 2–8 single MSAs from the triceps surae (GS) and the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the depth of modulation of MSA Responses to Sinusoidal stretching of the receptor-bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 27 primary MSAs (11 from PBSt and 16 from GS) were recorded. On 24 of these clear-cut alterations in Sinusoidal Response were evoked by injection of 1 ml of KCl (50–600 mM) or 1 ml of lactic acid (20–200 mM) into the artery supply of the GS muscle. Also, all secondary MSAs recorded (4 from PBSt and 1 from GS) showed sizable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of KCl and/or lactic acid. On both primary and secondary MSAs, from GS as well as from PBSt muscles, nearly all effects observed were compatible with activation of static fusimotor neurons. Effects on MSAs were completely abolished when the ipsilateral L 7 –L 6 ventral roots were cut and when the GS nerve was anesthetized. Intravenous injections of KCl and lactic acid, as well as arterial injections of 0.9% NaCl, were ineffective in changing the MSA Responses. Thus, increased concentrations of contraction metabolites may excite primary and secondary MSAs from both homonymous and heteronymous muscles, most probably via fusimotor reflexes elicited by chemosensitive muscle afferents.
Tsyr Huei Chiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp haptosquilla pulchella
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Tsyr Huei Chiou, Chingwen WangAbstract:ABSTRACT Stomatopods, or mantis shrimp, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimp are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential Responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant Sinusoidal Response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the Response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These Responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors, indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization Response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and differently from one another.
-
neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp haptosquilla pulchella
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Tsyr Huei Chiou, Chingwen WangAbstract:Stomatopods, or so-called mantis shrimps, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimps are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimps Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential Responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant Sinusoidal Response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the Response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These Responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization Response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and different from one another.
