The Experts below are selected from a list of 81 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James J. Gross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Article Signaling Threat How Situational Cues Affect Women in Math, Science, and Engineering Settings
2015Co-Authors: Mary C. Murphy, Claude M. Steele, James J. GrossAbstract:ABSTRACT—This study examined the Cues hypothesis, which holds that Situational Cues, such as a setting’s features and organization, canmakepotential targets vulnerable to social identity threat.Objective and subjectivemeasures of identity threat were collected from male and female math, science, and engineering (MSE) majors who watched an MSE con-ference video depicting either an unbalanced ratio of men to women or a balanced ratio. Women who viewed the unbal-anced video exhibited more cognitive and physiological vigilance, and reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to participate in the conference, than did women who viewed the gender-balanced video. Men were unaffected by this Situational Cue. The implications for understanding vulnerability to social identity threat, particularly among women in MSE settings, are discussed
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Signaling Threat How Situational Cues Affect Women in Math, Science, and Engineering Settings
Psychological science, 2007Co-Authors: Mary C. Murphy, Claude M. Steele, James J. GrossAbstract:This study examined the Cues hypothesis, which holds that Situational Cues, such as a setting's features and organization, can make potential targets vulnerable to social identity threat. Objective and subjective measures of identity threat were collected from male and female math, science, and engineering (MSE) majors who watched an MSE conference video depicting either an unbalanced ratio of men to women or a balanced ratio. Women who viewed the unbalanced video exhibited more cognitive and physiological vigilance, and reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to participate in the conference, than did women who viewed the gender-balanced video. Men were unaffected by this Situational Cue. The implications for understanding vulnerability to social identity threat, particularly among women in MSE settings, are discussed.
Bas Verplanken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the automatic component of habit in health behavior habit as Cue contingent automaticity
Health Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Sheina Orbell, Bas VerplankenAbstract:Objective: Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the association of a Cue and a response. Three studies examined habitual automaticity in regard to different aspects of the Cue-response relationship characteristic of unhealthy and healthy habits. Design, Main Outcome Measures, and Results: In each study, habitual automaticity was assessed by the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI). In Study 1 SRHI scores correlated with attentional bias to smoking Cues in a Stroop task. Study 2 examined the ability of a habit Cue to elicit an unwanted habit response. In a prospective field study, habitual automaticity in relation to smoking when drinking alcohol in a licensed public house (pub) predicted the likelihood of cigarette-related action slips 2 months later after smoking in pubs had become illegal. In Study 3 experimental group participants formed an implementation intention to floss in response to a specified Situational Cue. Habitual automaticity of dental flossing was rapidly enhanced compared to controls. Conclusion: The studies provided three different demonstrations of the importance of Cues in the automatic operation of habits. Habitual automaticity assessed by the SRHI captured aspects of a habit that go beyond mere frequency or consistency of the behavior.
Mary C. Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Article Signaling Threat How Situational Cues Affect Women in Math, Science, and Engineering Settings
2015Co-Authors: Mary C. Murphy, Claude M. Steele, James J. GrossAbstract:ABSTRACT—This study examined the Cues hypothesis, which holds that Situational Cues, such as a setting’s features and organization, canmakepotential targets vulnerable to social identity threat.Objective and subjectivemeasures of identity threat were collected from male and female math, science, and engineering (MSE) majors who watched an MSE con-ference video depicting either an unbalanced ratio of men to women or a balanced ratio. Women who viewed the unbal-anced video exhibited more cognitive and physiological vigilance, and reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to participate in the conference, than did women who viewed the gender-balanced video. Men were unaffected by this Situational Cue. The implications for understanding vulnerability to social identity threat, particularly among women in MSE settings, are discussed
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Signaling Threat How Situational Cues Affect Women in Math, Science, and Engineering Settings
Psychological science, 2007Co-Authors: Mary C. Murphy, Claude M. Steele, James J. GrossAbstract:This study examined the Cues hypothesis, which holds that Situational Cues, such as a setting's features and organization, can make potential targets vulnerable to social identity threat. Objective and subjective measures of identity threat were collected from male and female math, science, and engineering (MSE) majors who watched an MSE conference video depicting either an unbalanced ratio of men to women or a balanced ratio. Women who viewed the unbalanced video exhibited more cognitive and physiological vigilance, and reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to participate in the conference, than did women who viewed the gender-balanced video. Men were unaffected by this Situational Cue. The implications for understanding vulnerability to social identity threat, particularly among women in MSE settings, are discussed.
Gabriele Oettingen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parks-Stamm et al.Cue Detection and Efficient Response ACTION CONTROL BY IMPLEMENTATION INTENTIONS: EFFECTIVE Cue DETECTION AND EFFICIENT RESPONSE INITIATION
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth J. Parks–stamm, Peter M. Gollwitzer, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Past research has demonstrated that implementation intentions (i.e., if–then plans) facilitate goal striving by two processes: increasing the acti-vation of the anticipated Situational Cue (the if–process) and automating the goal–directed response to that Cue (the then–process; Gollwitzer, 1999; Webb & Sheeran, in press). Two studies investigated the implica-tions for the course of goal striving guided by implementation intentions. When implementation intentions achieved their effects by facilitating Cue identification (the if–process), alternative Cues were disregarded (Study 1). On the contrary, when implementation intentions achieved their effects by the automation of the critical response (the then–process), alternative goal–directed responses were still considered (Study 2). We discuss these results with respect to the functioning of implementation intentions and the use of alternative means in planned goal pursuit
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Action Control by Implementation Intentions: Effective Cue Detection and Efficient Response Initiation
Social Cognition, 2007Co-Authors: Elizabeth J. Parks–stamm, Peter M. Gollwitzer, Gabriele OettingenAbstract:Past research has demonstrated that implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans) facilitate goal striving by two processes: increasing the activation of the anticipated Situational Cue (the if-process) and automating the goal-directed response to that Cue (the then-process, Gollwitzer, 1999, Webb & Sheeran, in press). Two studies investigated the implications for the course of goal striving guided by implementation intentions. When implementation intentions achieved their effects by facilitating Cue identification (the if-process), alternative Cues were disregarded (Study 1). On the contrary, when implementation intentions achieved their effects by the automation of the critical response (the then-process), alternative goal-directed responses were still considered (Study 2). We discuss these results with respect to the functioning of implementation intentions and the use of alternative means in planned goal pursuit.
Michael K Scullin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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implementation intention encoding does not automatize prospective memory responding
Memory & Cognition, 2010Co-Authors: Mark A. Mcdaniel, Michael K ScullinAbstract:An implementation intention encoding, one that specifies the concrete situation that is appropriate for initiating an intended action and links that Situational Cue to the intended action, has been shown to improve prospective memory. One proposed mechanism is that implementation intentions create automatized prospective remembering. This view anticipates that implementation intentions should prevent prospective memory decline in highly cognitively demanding situations. Contrary to this expectation, although implementation intention encoding enhanced prospective memory (Experiments 1 and 2), implementation-intention encoding did not buffer against significant prospective memory decline in high-cognitive-demand conditions (Experiments 1–3), and in Experiment 3, implementation intention encoding produced lower levels of prospective memory performance than did behavioral practice in the high-cognitive-demand situation. We suggest that although implementation intentions may stimulate a strong associative encoding (between an anticipated environmental Cue and an intended action), that encoding does not support a completely automatized prospective memory response.