The Experts below are selected from a list of 102 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Claudia Terlouw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Stress at Slaughter in cattle: Role of reactivity profile and environmental factors
Animal Welfare Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Claudia Terlouw, Cécile Bourguet, Veronique DeissAbstract:During Slaughter, cattle may be exposed to many potentially stress-inducing factors, of emotional and physical nature. A series of studies aimed to identify factors that may contribute to Slaughter stress. During reactivity tests testing emotional stressors, Blond d'Aquitaine bulls were more reactive than Angus and Limousin bulls. However, no breed differences were found for stress indicators at Slaughter. Indicators of post mortem (PM) muscle metabolism were correlated with stress reactions at Slaughter, and with be reactions and heart rates during the reactivity tests, including a sudden event and handling. Similarly, in Normand cull cows, stronger behavioural and physiological reactions during the Slaughter Procedure were associated with faster PM muscle metabolism. Reactions during the reactivity tests were also correlated with stress indicators at Slaughter. A Principal Component Analysis indicated that the first and second axes were correlated with reactions to non-familiarity and to social isolation, respectively. Both axes were correlated with stress indicators at Slaughter, suggesting that these two aspects contribute significantly to the emotional stress at Slaughter. These experiments indicate that stress reactivity at Slaughter may be predicted from behavioural and emotional stress reactions during reactivity tests. A third experiment found that compared with normally fed cows, 30-h food-deprived cows showed stronger startle and fear responses in response to a sudden event. Within a group subjected to a physical-effort treatment, compared to normally fed heifers, food-deprived heifers were more reactive to human exposure. This shows that the reactions to a given stressor may increase due to the presence of other stressors. Thus, in cattle, novelty, social disturbances and sudden events may contribute to Slaughter stress and the simultaneous presence of several stressors during the Slaughter period may exacerbate stress reactions.
-
Repeated handling of pigs during rearing. II. Effect of reactivity to humans on aggression during mixing and on meat quality
Journal of Animal Science, 2005Co-Authors: Claudia Terlouw, Jocelyne Porcher, Xavier FernandezAbstract:The present study was designed to determine whether reactivity toward humans can be used to predict a pig's reactivity to the Slaughter Procedure as measured by postmortem muscle metabolism. Forty-two pigs were group-reared in six pens with straw-bedding. Pigs received regular positive (HI) or mildly negative (RC) handling training in a separate pen for 40 d before Slaughter. Control pigs remained in their home pens throughout rearing. Pigs were Slaughtered at a commercial packing plant, and half of each treatment group (HI, RC, or controls) was accompanied by the handler throughout mixing and transportation, as well as a portion of the lairage time and introduction to the holding pens situated before the Slaughter room, whereas the other half was not accompanied by the handler. Muscle pH and temperature, objective color (L*, a*, and b* values), and drip loss were measured on the LM, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and adductor femoris. Prior handling experience did not in itself influence ultimate meat quality (P > 0.37); however, the presence of the negative handler (RC pigs) at Slaughter accelerated (P < 0.06) preSlaughter glycogen breakdown in the LM. Fighting behavior during mixing explained between 13 and 32% of the variability of lightness (L* values) of the LM, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus. Visua
-
Repeated handling of pigs during rearing. II. Effect of reactivity to humans on aggression during mixing and on meat quality
Journal of Animal Science, 2005Co-Authors: Claudia Terlouw, Jocelyne Porcher, Xavier FernandezAbstract:The present study was designed to determine whether reactivity toward humans can be used to predict a pig’s reactivity to the Slaughter Procedure as measured by postmortem muscle metabolism. Fortytwo pigs were group-reared in six pens with strawbedding. Pigs received regular positive (HI) or mildly negative (RC) handling training in a separate pen for 40 d before Slaughter. Control pigs remained in their home pens throughout rearing. Pigs were Slaughtered at a commercial packing plant, and half of each treatment group (HI, RC, or controls) was accompanied by the handler throughout mixing and transportation, as well as a portion of the lairage time and introduction to the holding pens situated before the Slaughter room, whereas the other half was not accompanied by the handler. Muscle pH and temperature, objective color (L*, a*, and b* values), and drip loss were measured on the LM, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and adductor femoris. Prior handling experience did not in itself influence ultimate meat quality (P > 0.37); however, the presence of the negative handler (RC pigs) at Slaughter accelerated (P < 0.06) preSlaughter glycogen breakdown in the LM. Fighting behavior during mixing explained between 13 and 32% of the variability of lightness (L* values) of the LM, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus. Visual contact with the handler at the start of the handling training and number of fights initiated explained between 31 and 42% of the variability in ultimate muscle pH. Latency to approaching the handler during human exposure tests explained 20% of the variability in initial muscle temperature of two muscles. Fighting behavior during mixing could be partly predicted from fighting during a food competition test conducted at the start of the rearing period. Results indicate that reactivity to humans and the tendency to fight determined, in part, meat quality in pigs of similar genetic and rearing backgrounds. These behavioral characteristics were, to some extent, determined early in life. Handling experience modified behavior toward the handler but correlations between behavioral characteristics and meat quality were not influenced by prior handling experience.
-
Porcs lourds : Effets du type génétique, du mode d’élévage et des conditions d’abattage sur le comportement, la physiologie et les qualités des carcasses et des viandes
2004Co-Authors: Thierry Astruc, Elisabeth Laville, Monin Gérard, Claudia TerlouwAbstract:Heavy pigs: Effects of genetic type, rearing system and Slaughtering conditions on behaviour, physiology and quality of carcass and meat". Pork from extensive farms has a good image but the sensory and technological quality of the meat is variable. Meat quality may be directly influenced by extensive production. Part of the variablity in pork quality may be related to differences in behavioural and physiological reactivity, which influences meat quality. At the moment, little is known about the adaptability of different pig breeds to extensive production. In addition, the genetic type may influence reactivity to the Slaughter Procedure or morphometric differences, and consequently, carcass and meat quality. In this study, indoor and outdoor reared pigs of different genetic types have been Slaughtered at 150 kg. Results show that the rearing system influences the behavioural and physiological reactivity to adverse situations, including mixing of pigs before Slaughter, and muscle glycogen content at the moment of Slaughter. Dry-cured ham from pigs reared outdoors or sired by Durocs were better appreciated, probably due to increased intramuscular fat content. Conformation and muscle and bone sizes differed little between rearing systems and genetic types, but were correlated with pre-Slaughter muscle metabolism. Thus, outdoor rearing may influence meat quality due to its effects on stress reactivity and muscle glycogen content. The choice of the genetic background and rearing system may improve palatability of dry-cured hams. Genetic improvement should take into account relationships between conformation and peri-mortem metabolism to avoid negative consequences of increased muscularity on meat quality.
Peter Vandamme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Occurrence and distribution of Arcobacter species in poultry processing.
Journal of food protection, 2002Co-Authors: Kurt Houf, Lieven De Zutter, Jan Van Hoof, Peter VandammeAbstract:A total of 16 broiler flocks Slaughtered in the morning in eight Belgian poultry Slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of Campylobacteraceae. In samples collected before and after chilling, the prevalence of arcobacters was found to be higher than the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters, with the Slaughter Procedure used having no clear effect. Two Slaughterhouses were selected for a detailed investigation of the occurrence and distribution of arcobacters. Sampling carried out before Slaughter revealed that both Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus were commonly present on the Slaughter equipment in both plants. These findings indicate inadequate decontamination of the Slaughterhouse environment and suggest potential Arcobacter contamination of broiler carcasses through the Slaughter equipment. Even before evisceration, contamination levels of hundreds to several thousands of arcobacters per gram of neck skin were detected. It appears unlikely that contamination through Slaughter equipment alone explains the high contamination levels found for poultry products. Arcobacters were not isolated from the 30 intestinal tracts sampled for each broiler flock examined. A. cryaerophilus was the only Arcobacter species recovered from the transport crate samples collected before and after washing. Arcobacter contamination during Slaughter, either direct (from chicken intestinal content or feces) or indirect (from equipment), was not confirmed. The origin and the precise routes of contamination remain to be determined.
Ayla Kaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The effects of electrical stunning and percussive captive bolt stunning on meat quality of cattle processed by Turkish Slaughter Procedures
Meat science, 2004Co-Authors: A. Önenç, Ayla KayaAbstract:The effects of electrical and percussive captive bolt stunning both on initial and up to 14 days post mortem meat quality of Friesian young bulls were studied. The first group (NS; n=10) were Slaughtered without stunning under Turkish Slaughter Procedure (these animals were Slaughtered under conditions acceptable to the appropriate ethics committee) in a modern abattoir. In the second group (ES; n=10) animals were electrically stunned. In the third group (PS; n=10) animals were stunned with percussive captive bolt. Meat quality was assessed by examining muscle glycogen concentration, pH and WHC. Also cooking loss, texture parameters and consumer sensory properties were assessed at 24 h, 4, 7 and 14 days post mortem. Meat colour as L(∗), a(∗), b(∗), C(∗), h(∗) values were evaluated at 0, 48 h, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 14 days post mortem. Pre-Slaughter handling affected muscle glycogen concentration (P
Ana Coto-montes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
What functional proteomic and biochemical analysis tell us about animal stress in beef
Journal of proteomics, 2020Co-Authors: F. Díaz, A. Díaz-luis, Verónica Sierra, Y. Diñeiro, P. González, S. García-torres, D. Tejerina, M.p. Romero-fernández, M. Cabeza De Vaca, Ana Coto-montesAbstract:Abstract Animal management practices may influence the animal's susceptibility to stress, with detrimental effects on the ultimate meat quality. In this field, proteomics is a promising tool that reveals the biological pathways underpinning the effect of animal's pre-Slaughter stress (PSS) on the ultimate meat quality. The objective of this work was to study the effect of a pre-Slaughter Procedure that may promote stress, such as mixing unfamiliar animals during the transport and lairage period, on the post-mortem muscle proteome of young bulls reared under two different farm management systems (Intensive or Extensive). Comparative proteomics and biochemical analysis reveal the effect of PSS on biochemical pathways involved in the meat colour development, muscle redox status, energy metabolism and autophagy. This work highlights the potential of some muscle proteins such as Beclin-1 (autophagy marker), CKM (biomarker of energy transduction) and proteins of the energy metabolism (ALDOA, PYGM, PGM1, PKM, GPI) as potential biomarkers to discriminate beef samples according to the incidence of PSS. Significance Meat scientists are interested in the study of individual animal-based measurements that allow the detection of stress situations which could have negative effects on meat quality. In this context, the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of pre-Slaughter stress on the post-mortem muscle metabolism need to be elucidated in order to understand how animal stress may influence the conversion of muscle into meat. In this work, the study of proteome changes in the post-mortem muscle has allowed the identification of significant biomarkers of these processes that could be used as tools for detecting inappropriate strategies that may induce increased animal stress and, in consequence, may compromise the ultimate beef quality.
Manfred Schwerin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Temperament type specific metabolite profiles of the prefrontal cortex and serum in cattle.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Bodo Brand, Frieder Hadlich, Bettina Brandt, Nicolas Schauer, Katharina L. Graunke, Jan Langbein, Dirk Repsilber, S. Ponsuksili, Manfred SchwerinAbstract:In the past decade the number of studies investigating temperament in farm animals has increased greatly because temperament has been shown not only to affect handling but also reproduction, health and economically important production traits. However, molecular pathways underlying temperament and molecular pathways linking temperament to production traits, health and reproduction have yet to be studied in full detail. Here we report the results of metabolite profiling of the prefrontal cortex and serum of cattle with distinct temperament types that were performed to further explore their molecular divergence in the response to the Slaughter Procedure and to identify new targets for further research of cattle temperament. By performing an untargeted comprehensive metabolite profiling, 627 and 1097 metabolite features comprising 235 and 328 metabolites could be detected in the prefrontal cortex and serum, respectively. In total, 54 prefrontal cortex and 51 serum metabolite features were indicated to have a high relevance in the classification of temperament types by a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis. A clear discrimination between fearful/neophobic-alert, interested-stressed, subdued/uninterested-calm and outgoing/neophilic-alert temperament types could be observed based on the abundance of the identified relevant prefrontal cortex and serum metabolites. Metabolites with high relevance in the classification of temperament types revealed that the main differences between temperament types in the response to the Slaughter Procedure were related to the abundance of glycerophospholipids, fatty acyls and sterol lipids. Differences in the abundance of metabolites related to C21 steroid metabolism and oxidative stress indicated that the differences in the metabolite profiles of the four extreme temperament types could be the result of a temperament type specific regulation of molecular pathways that are known to be involved in the stress and fear response.