The Experts below are selected from a list of 79116 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Amir Paz-fuchs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Badges of Modern Slavery
The Modern Law Review, 2016Co-Authors: Amir Paz-fuchsAbstract:Notwithstanding the 19th century formal abolition of Slavery as legal ownership of people, modern Slavery and forced labour have not been consigned to the past. In fact, their existence is more widespread, and made more difficult to tackle due to the lack of formal, legal criteria. This article suggests that reference to the past, historical institutions reveals seven ‘badges of Slavery’ that are helpful in identifying occurrences of modern Slavery and forced labour. These are: humiliation, ownership of people, exploitation of the vulnerable, lack of consent, terms and conditions of employment, limits on the power to end the employment relationship, and denial of rights outside the work relationship. These aspects constitute modern Slavery as such, and thus distinguishes it from other instances of exploitative employment relations, however problematic. In addition, even where the label of modern Slavery is misplaced, the identification of particular badges of Slavery in contemporary employment relations may assist in highlighting their troubling facets.
Joerg Haustein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strategic tangles: Slavery, colonial policy, and religion in German East Africa, 1885–1918
Atlantic Studies, 2017Co-Authors: Joerg HausteinAbstract:When Germany occupied Tanganyika in 1889, the mobilising rhetoric was built around ending Slavery, which in turn was framed religiously, as a “Muslim” institution to be ended by “Christian civilisation”. However, while the German colonisers subsequently suppressed slave-raiding and large-scale slave trade, they never abolished Slavery itself or the private sale of slaves. Moreover, the political utility of framing Slavery as an “Islamic” practice quickly faded as the German government rested its political rule on the established Omani and Swahili Muslim elites and their economic networks. Settlers and planters, in turn, were soon discussing how to solve the problem of labour shortage by coercive means. Only missionaries had an interest to continue framing Slavery as a Muslim practice in order to raise support for their Christianising endeavours. This led to an extended conflict about German colonial policy, in which settlers invoked Islam as an ally for “civilising” Africans for modern labour regimes, while missionaries continued to highlight Slavery as an aspect of the “Islamic danger” in the colony. The article traces the German debate of Slavery in East Africa with a special interest in how it was connected to perceptions of Christianity and Islam. It demonstrates that the vicissitudes of the debate about Slavery were not so much governed by the issue of Slavery itself as by entangled strategic interests in the colonial nexus of politics, economy, and religion.
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strategic tangles Slavery colonial policy and religion in german east africa 1885 1918
Atlantic Studies, 2017Co-Authors: Joerg HausteinAbstract:When Germany occupied Tanganyika in 1889, the mobilising rhetoric was built around ending Slavery, which in turn was framed religiously, as a “Muslim” institution to be ended by “Christian civilisation”. However, while the German colonisers subsequently suppressed slave-raiding and large-scale slave trade, they never abolished Slavery itself or the private sale of slaves. Moreover, the political utility of framing Slavery as an “Islamic” practice quickly faded as the German government rested its political rule on the established Omani and Swahili Muslim elites and their economic networks. Settlers and planters, in turn, were soon discussing how to solve the problem of labour shortage by coercive means. Only missionaries had an interest to continue framing Slavery as a Muslim practice in order to raise support for their Christianising endeavours. This led to an extended conflict about German colonial policy, in which settlers invoked Islam as an ally for “civilising” Africans for modern labour regimes, while missionaries continued to highlight Slavery as an aspect of the “Islamic danger” in the colony. The article traces the German debate of Slavery in East Africa with a special interest in how it was connected to perceptions of Christianity and Islam. It demonstrates that the vicissitudes of the debate about Slavery were not so much governed by the issue of Slavery itself as by entangled strategic interests in the colonial nexus of politics, economy, and religion.
Kevin Bales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Slavery and its definition
2012Co-Authors: Jean Allain, Kevin BalesAbstract:Had the abolitionists of the past, the likes of Abraham Lincoln or William Wilberforce, been able to see into the twenty-first century, what might have struck them as very strange was that while they had come far in ending Slavery and suppressing human exploitation, they seemed to have lost sight of what the term "Slavery" means. This, despite the fact that for more than eighty-five years there has been a consensus in international law as to the legal definition of Slavery. In the case of Slavery the element of possession is fundamental. It allows people to drain the swamp and leave the definitional quagmire which has marginalised the legal definition of Slavery. With the legal definition of Slavery marginalised, people looked elsewhere to define Slavery. A survey of the academic literature on contemporary Slavery -- including much of the legal literature on the subject -- would show that, in the main, it has turned to the work of Kevin Bales and his sociological reading of what constitutes Slavery.
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Slavery and its definition
2012Co-Authors: Jean Allain, Kevin BalesAbstract:The very term ‘Slavery’ and its contours are contested despite the fact that an agreed to international definition of Slavery was existed since in 1926. It reads:Slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised.From the 1930s until recently, the general outlook towards the legal definition of Slavery has been a negative one: why it is not applicable to cases of Slavery. Spurred on in 2008 by a determination of the highest court in Australia, that the legal definition was applicable to contemporary cases of de facto Slavery; a group of property scholars and experts in Slavery set about unpacking those powers attaching to the right of ownership. Much to their surprise, there is no true gap existing between a legal reading of ownership and the factual circumstances of contemporary enslavement. This article speaks to that group’s findings by setting out an internally consistent reading of that definition within its property paradigm that reflects the lived experience of contemporary slaves. As a result, the definition provides the type of legal certainty which is fundamental to any prosecution of contemporary Slavery: within an ordinary reading of its terms, based as it is on a property paradigm, it captures the factual reality of Slavery.
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ending Slavery how we free today s slaves
2007Co-Authors: Kevin BalesAbstract:In his 1999 book, "Disposable People", Kevin Bales brought to light the shocking fact of modern Slavery and described how, nearly two hundred years after the slave trade was abolished (legal Slavery would have to wait another fifty years), global Slavery stubbornly persists. In "Ending Slavery", Bales again grapples with the struggle to end this ancient evil and presents the ideas and insights that can finally lead to Slavery's extinction. Recalling his own involvement in the antiSlavery movement, he recounts a personal journey in search of the solution and explains how governments and citizens can build a world without Slavery.
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Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader
2005Co-Authors: Kevin BalesAbstract:List of Illustrations and Tables Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Understanding Slavery Today Chapter 2. Slavery and the Human Right to Evil Chapter 3. No One Shall Be Held in Slavery or Servitude: A Critical Analysis of International Slavery Agreements Chapter 4. Slavery and the Emergence of Non-governmental Organizations Chapter 5. The Challenge of Measuring Slavery Chapter 6. Globalization and Redemption Chapter 7. Human Trafficking: A Worldwide Concern Chapter 8. Understanding the Demand behind Human Trafficking Coda: Three Steps to Stopping Slavery (And Four Things You Can Do Right Away) Appendix 1. Slavery Research Questions Used in Case Studies Appendix 2. Rankings of Countries on Ordinal Scales for Slavery and Trafficking Notes Index
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No One Shall Be Held in Slavery or Servitude: A critical analysis of international Slavery conventions
2001Co-Authors: Kevin Bales, Peter RobbinsAbstract:Traces the development of Slavery definitions in international agreements from 1815 to 2001. Overview of Slavery definitions in international law; Historical analysis of the evolution of Slavery definitions in international agreements; Analysis of the main characteristics of Slavery in international agreements; Types of social theory that can be used in illuminating Slavery; Discussion on the dimensions of Slavery.
Jan Wouters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combating Slavery, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking: Are Current International, European and National Instruments Working?
Global Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Axel Marx, Jan WoutersAbstract:All throughout history, Slavery has been a constant and a key factor in economic development. Also for many centuries Slavery and forced labour was legal. Only from the beginning of the 20th century onwards Slavery became illegal and criminalized. Many international commitments were made to address the issue of forced labour and Slavery. However, despite these international legislative efforts Slavery, forced labour and human trafficking still persist today. New regulatory instruments have been developed in recent years to further enforce these international commitments. These instruments aim to force private and public actors to comply with the international conventions. Little is known about their effectiveness. Do these initiatives have any impact? This special section seeks answers to this question by analysing different instruments and their implementation.
Christien Van Den Anker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduction: Combating Contemporary Slavery
The Political Economy of New Slavery, 2004Co-Authors: Christien Van Den AnkerAbstract:Slavery was outlawed in Britain and in the rest of the world in the nineteenth century. Yet the practice has never been completely eradicated and recently several contemporary forms of Slavery have caught public attention. The ship with child slaves on the coast of West Africa, the abuse of migrant domestic workers discovered in western cities, child labour in the carpet industry in India and in mines in Africa and Latin America have all attracted media attention in recent years. The work of Anti-Slavery International, still campaigning against Slavery since its role in the abolition of Slavery in the nineteenth century, has contributed to more and more people becoming aware of the existence of contemporary forms of Slavery. Although research exists on all the forms of Slavery mentioned above, researchers often do not use the term contemporary Slavery to describe the subject of their work. Books focus, for example, on migrant domestic workers, on child labour or on bonded labour.
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the political economy of new Slavery
2004Co-Authors: Christien Van Den AnkerAbstract:Introduction: Combating Contemporary Slavery C.van den Anker PART I: CAUSES AND PERSPECTIVES Contemporary Slavery, Globalization and Global Justice C.van den Anker Migration and Security? The Wrong End of the Stick J.Doomernik Trafficking and International Law D.Ould The Belgian Counter Trafficking Policy B.Moens, N.Praet & A.Dormaels PART II: CASES AND RECOMMENDATIONS Responses to Sexual Slavery: From the Balkans to Afghanistan V.Firmo-Fontan Migrant Domestic Workers and Slavery B.Anderson Bonded Labour in South Asia: India, Nepal and Pakistan K.Upadhyaya Child Labour in Latin America: Issues and Policies in Honduras R.Nizan Child Labour, Education and Child Rights Among Cocoa Producers in Ghana A.Berlan PART III: STRATEGIES AND FRAMEWORKS FOR CHANGE The Global Framework for Development- Instrumentality or Contested Ethical Space? N.Dower Strategies for Change: The Tobin Tax E.Dowling Modern Slavery and Fair Trade Products: Buy One and Set Someone Free I.Manokha Slavery as Piracy - a Legal Case for Reparations for Historical Slavery G.Van Bueren
