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Petr Karlovsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biocontrol of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto, Reduction of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation and Phytohormone Induction by Two Selected Antagonists.
Toxins, 2018Co-Authors: Juan Manuel Palazzini, Pablo F. Roncallo, Renata Cantoro, María Laura Chiotta, Nadia Yerkovich, Sofia Alejendra Palacios, Viviana Echenique, Adriana Mabel Torres, Maria Laura Ramirez, Petr KarlovskyAbstract:Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and other Small Cereal Grains worldwide. Species within the Fusarium graminearum complex are the main pathogens associated with the disease, F. graminearum sensu stricto being the main pathogen in Argentina. Biocontrol can be used as part of an integrated pest management strategy. Phytohormones play a key role in the plant defense system and their production can be induced by antagonistic microorganisms. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of Bacillus velezensis RC 218, F. graminearum and their co-inoculation on the production of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in wheat spikes at different periods of time under greenhouse conditions, and to evaluate the effect of B. velezensis RC 218 and Streptomyces albidoflavus RC 87B on FHB disease incidence, severity and deoxynivalenol accumulation on Triticum turgidum L. var. durum under field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions the production of JA was induced after F. graminearum inoculation at 48 and 72 h, but JA levels were reduced in the co-inoculated treatments. No differences in JA or SA levels were observed between the B. velezensis treatment and the water control. In the spikes inoculated with F. graminearum, SA production was induced early (12 h), as it was shown for initial FHB basal resistance, while JA was induced at a later stage (48 h), revealing different defense strategies at different stages of infection by the hemibiotrophic pathogen F. graminearum. Both B. velezensis RC 218 and S. albidoflavus RC 87B effectively reduced FHB incidence (up to 30%), severity (up to 25%) and deoxynivalenol accumulation (up to 51%) on durum wheat under field conditions.
Tom Gräfenhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium damage in Small Cereal Grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Jason Chan, Susan K. Patrick, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in samples as well. All samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
Skaidrė Supronienė - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk assessment of Fusarium mycotoxins in Lithuanian Small Cereal Grains
Food Control, 2011Co-Authors: Audronė Mankevičienė, Bronislava Butkutė, Irena Gaurilčikienė, Zenonas Dabkevičius, Skaidrė SupronienėAbstract:Abstract A total of 125 Small grain samples, including 60 of winter crop and 65 of spring crop collected during 2006–2007 at harvesting in Lithuanian fields, were involved in the current study on co-occurrence of three Fusarium mycotoxins. All grain samples tested were found to be contaminated with mycotoxins. In 2006, winter Cereal grain samples contaminated with one mycotoxin accounted for 16%, and those contaminated with three mycotoxins for 25%. No spring Cereal grain samples containing only one toxin were found, while those contaminated with three toxins accounted for 91% of the total samples tested. In the year 2007 winter Cereal grain samples contaminated with one toxin accounted for as little as 4%, and all spring Cereal grain samples tested were found to be 100% contaminated with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxin concentrations in grain samples, in most cases, were within the permissible range. A trend was revealed that spring barley grain samples tested contained higher T-2 concentrations irrespective of the test year.
Sheryl A. Tittlemier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium damage in Small Cereal Grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Jason Chan, Susan K. Patrick, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in samples as well. All samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
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Fusarium Damage in Small Cereal Grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of Fusarium Toxins and Their Source Organisms in Durum Wheat Harvested in 2010
2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Susan K. Patrick, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Jason M. Chan, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium-damaged samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum), F. culmorum, F. poae, F. acuminatum, and F. sporotrichioides were observed in samples as well. All samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the samples. Concentrations in Fusarium-damaged samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium-damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin
Sebastian Alberto Stenglein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Contamination with Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae in Malting Barley in Argentina.
Toxins, 2018Co-Authors: María Soledad Nogueira, J. M. Decundo, Mauro Martínez, Susana Nelly Dieguez, Federico Moreyra, Maria Virginia Moreno, Sebastian Alberto StengleinAbstract:Two of the most common species of toxin-producing Fusarium contaminating Small Cereal Grains are Fusarium graminearum and F. poae; with both elaborating diverse toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), respectively. The objective of our work during the 2012–2014 growing seasons was to screen crops for the most commonly isolated Fusarium species and to quantify DON and NIV toxins in natural malting-barley samples from different producing areas of Argentina. We identified 1180 Fusarium isolates in the 119 samples analyzed, with 51.2% being F. graminearum, 26.2% F. poae and 22.6% other species. We found high concentrations of mycotoxins, at maximum values of 12 μg/g of DON and 7.71 μg/g of NIV. Of the samples, 23% exhibited DON at an average of 2.36 μg/g, with 44% exceeding the maximum limits (average of 5.24 μg/g); 29% contained NIV at an average of 2.36 μg/g; 7% contained both DON and NIV; and 55% were without DON or NIV. Finally, we report the mycotoxin contamination of the grain samples produced by F. graminearum and F. poae, those being the most frequent Fusarium species present. We identified the main Fusarium species affecting natural malting-barley Grains in Argentina and documented the presence of many samples with elevated concentrations of DON and NIV. To our knowledge, the investigation reported here was the first to quantify the contamination by Fusarium and its toxins in natural samples of malting barley in Argentina.
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Trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of Fusarium graminearum isolates obtained from barley cultivated in Argentina.
International journal of food microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Eliana Castañares, Diana Ramirez Albuquerque, María Inés Dinolfo, Virginia Fernández Pinto, Andrea Rosana Patriarca, Sebastian Alberto StengleinAbstract:Abstract Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important pathogens isolated from Small Cereal Grains with Fusarium Head Blight symptoms. The presence of this fungus is often linked to the occurrence of several mycotoxins in barley and wheat. The aim of our study was to characterize trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of F . graminearum sensu stricto isolates obtained from barley Grains in Argentina. A total of 110 F . graminearum s . s . isolates were analyzed by PCR assays to predict deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV) production, and all isolates were found to belong to the same molecular 15-ADON genotype. Trichothecene production in autoclaved rice was analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC) and confirmed by GC–MS. Of the 110 isolates, 95% were able to produce DON, 71% produced 15-ADON, 63% 3-ADON and 52% NIV. With the exception of a single isolate, all isolates that produced NIV, also produced DON. However, the NIV production was very low, ranging from 0.13 to 0.30 μg/g. Six different production profiles of DON and its acetyl-derivatives were detected, the predominant being simultaneous production of DON, 3-ADON and 15-ADON, followed by DON production, and DON and 15-ADON co-production. This work is the first attempt to characterize the trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of F . graminearum s . s . isolates from Argentinean barley.