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Andy Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regimes of Social Cohesion - Regimes of Social Cohesion
2011Co-Authors: Andy Green, Germ Janmaat, Christine HanAbstract:This paper explores the different meanings of Social Cohesion in historical and contemporary societies and identifies some different ‘regimes of Social Cohesion’, and their characteristics, that can be found in western and east Asian societies. It adopts a mixed-method and interdisciplinary approach, drawing on the literatures in comparative historical sociology and comparative political economy, and using both qualitative, logical comparative methods, and quantitative statistical analysis. In the first section of the paper we analyse the constituents of Social Cohesion which are specified in different definitions-in-use in policy and contemporary academic writing. This leads to a definition of Social Cohesion which is non-normative and non-exclusive and which can be used in empirical analysis. The second section seeks to identify the major historical traditions of writings about Social Cohesion and the Social order in western sociology and political philosophy and the logics they imply as to the forces which bind society together. Sections three and four review some historical evidence for Social origins of different traditions of Social Cohesion in the West, and their subsequent patterns of evolution, based on ‘longue duree’ accounts of historical development and on ‘non-absolute’ notions of path dependency. Section five uses the literature on ‘varieties of capitalism’ and ‘welfare state regimes’ to develop some provisional theories about different contemporary forms of Social Cohesion which may be found in particular regions – or clusters of countries in the West and east Asia. We call these ‘regimes of Social Cohesion’, in the same way that Esping-Andersen (1990) refers to ‘welfare regimes’ and Michael Walzer (1997) to ‘regimes of toleration’. The last section of the paper uses international data on Social attitudes and institutional characteristics to test empirically whether such regimes can be identified in terms of regions or country clusters which display particular sets of institutional characteristics and aggregate Social attitudes.
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regimes of Social Cohesion
Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies Institute of Education University of London: London. (2009), 2011Co-Authors: Andy Green, Germ Janmaat, Christine HanAbstract:This paper explores the different meanings of Social Cohesion in historical and contemporary societies and identifies some different ‘regimes of Social Cohesion’, and their characteristics, that can be found in western and east Asian societies. It adopts a mixed-method and interdisciplinary approach, drawing on the literatures in comparative historical sociology and comparative political economy, and using both qualitative, logical comparative methods, and quantitative statistical analysis. In the first section of the paper we analyse the constituents of Social Cohesion which are specified in different definitions-in-use in policy and contemporary academic writing. This leads to a definition of Social Cohesion which is non-normative and non-exclusive and which can be used in empirical analysis. The second section seeks to identify the major historical traditions of writings about Social Cohesion and the Social order in western sociology and political philosophy and the logics they imply as to the forces which bind society together. Sections three and four review some historical evidence for Social origins of different traditions of Social Cohesion in the West, and their subsequent patterns of evolution, based on ‘longue duree’ accounts of historical development and on ‘non-absolute’ notions of path dependency. Section five uses the literature on ‘varieties of capitalism’ and ‘welfare state regimes’ to develop some provisional theories about different contemporary forms of Social Cohesion which may be found in particular regions – or clusters of countries in the West and east Asia. We call these ‘regimes of Social Cohesion’, in the same way that Esping-Andersen (1990) refers to ‘welfare regimes’ and Michael Walzer (1997) to ‘regimes of toleration’. The last section of the paper uses international data on Social attitudes and institutional characteristics to test empirically whether such regimes can be identified in terms of regions or country clusters which display particular sets of institutional characteristics and aggregate Social attitudes.
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Regimes of Social Cohesion: Societies and the Crisis of Globalization
2011Co-Authors: Andy Green, Jan Germen JanmaatAbstract:List of Tables and Figures Introduction Defining Social Cohesion Western Intellectual Traditions of Social Cohesion The Social Origins and Development of Social Cohesion Traditions Contemporary Regimes of Social Cohesion and their Institutional Foundations Quantitative Analysis of Regimes of Social Cohesion Value Diversity and Social Cohesion Regimes of Social Cohesion and the Global Crisis Appendix I: Sources and Survey Items Appendix II: Dataset Used for Statistical Analyses References
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Education, equality and Social Cohesion: a comparative analysis
2006Co-Authors: Andy Green, John Preston, Jan Germen JanmaatAbstract:List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction: Education and the Rediscovery of Social Cohesion Education and Social Cohesion: Re-Centring the Debate Educational Inequality and Social Cohesion: An Over-Time Analysis Education, Tolerance and Social Cohesion Ethno-Linguistic Diversity, Citizenship Education and Civic Attitudes Comprehensive Schooling and Educational Inequality Models of Lifelong Learning and the 'Knowledge Society' Conclusion: Some Remarks on Future Research Notes and References Appendix: Data Tables Bibliography Index
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Education, Tolerance and Social Cohesion
Education Equality and Social Cohesion, 2006Co-Authors: Andy Green, John Preston, Jan Germen JanmaatAbstract:In the two previous chapters, we examined the effects of inequality in the distribution of skill and education across adult populations. We found that at a national level there are cross-sectional and over-time associations between educational inequality and a range of Social Cohesion outcomes. Perhaps surprisingly, educational (and not just income) inequality is important in terms of Social Cohesion. In this chapter we shift our concern to what many would consider to be another key element of Social Cohesion — tolerance. Here the relationship between education, equality and Social Cohesion is not as straightforward as might be expected.
Frederic Bouchon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developing a framework for assessing Social Cohesion via tourism
Tourism Review, 2016Co-Authors: Zilmiyah Kamble, Frederic BouchonAbstract:Purpose Multicultural nation-states face an added layer of challenge to Social Cohesion when countries already face various degrees of political, socio-economic and religious divide. Communalism has been a dividing threat, and some societies have encountered civil wars. Reconstructing Social fabric in post-war countries is a challenge, and there is a need for a catalyst that can reinforce Social Cohesion. Although post-war countries use tourism, tourism is also perceived as a hegemonic activity, which still needs to be verified. This paper aims to analyze the relevance of tourism as a catalyst for Social Cohesion of post-war societies. This study discusses the notion of Social Cohesion and debates the prospect of tourism to act as a catalyst. The paper provides new insights on how tourism can be used to reflect on the society and Social Cohesion. This study contributes to theory and practice by developing a framework for assessing Social Cohesion via tourism, using a qualitative approach. The methodology uses a review of literature and policies in tourism and Social Cohesion. Findings support the validity of tourism as a catalyst, and this study proposes a framework for assessing Social Cohesion via tourism. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the notion of Social Cohesion is discussed and the prospects of tourism to act as a catalyst are debated upon. A review of literature and policies in tourism and Social Cohesion are used. Findings Findings support the validity of tourism as a catalyst, and a framework for assessing Social Cohesion via tourism is proposed. Originality/value This study proposes a framework for assessing Social Cohesion via tourism.
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Reinforcing Social Cohesion in a post-war destination via tourism
2014Co-Authors: Zilmiyah Kamble, Frederic BouchonAbstract:Multicultural societies within nation-states framework have encountered sectarian divides, ethnic conflicts, civil wars and often face the complex challenge of upholding and strengthening Social Cohesion. The notion of Social Cohesion is complex, multidimensional and needs to be fostered and maintained through good governance and community involvement. Social Cohesion in a post-war or post conflict country is very fragile depending on the extent of the period of war and destruction. In order to encourage Social Cohesion in post-war country, there is a need for a catalyst that can kick start the process of Social Cohesion. Post war countries use tourism in a reconstruction stage, as tourism is also a contemporary form of acculturation and specifically specialised forms of tourism has been recommended by many researchers as well. However, tourism impacts may be positive or negative. Hence the possibility of tourism to act as a catalyst in a post-war context still needs to be verified. The aim of this conceptual paper is to analyse the relevance of tourism as a catalyst for Social Cohesion in the context of a post-war scenario. It provides an understanding of the notion of Social Cohesion; questions the prospect of tourism to act as a catalyst in a post war scenario and talks about the assessing of Social Cohesion via tourism. The methodology uses content analysis based on literature and policies in relation with tourism and Social Cohesion. Findings support the validity of tourism as a catalyst and propose a framework for assessing Social Cohesion via tourism.
Jacqui Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion and myocardial infarction
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2014Co-Authors: Eric S. Kim, Armani M Hawes, Jacqui SmithAbstract:Background The main strategy for alleviating heart disease has been to target individuals and encourage them to change their health behaviours. Although important, emphasis on individuals has diverted focus and responsibility away from neighbourhood characteristics, which also strongly influence people9s behaviours. Although a growing body of research has repeatedly demonstrated strong associations between neighbourhood characteristics and cardiovascular health, it has typically focused on negative neighbourhood characteristics. Only a few studies have examined the potential health enhancing effects of positive neighbourhood characteristics, such as perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion. Methods Using multiple logistic regression models, we tested whether higher perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion was associated with lower incidence of myocardial infarction. Prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study—a nationally representative panel study of American adults over the age of 50—were used to analyse 5276 participants with no history of heart disease. Respondents were tracked for 4 years and analyses adjusted for relevant sociodemographic, behavioural, biological and psychoSocial factors. Results In a model that adjusted for age, gender, race, marital status, education and total wealth, each SD increase in perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion was associated with a 22% reduced odds of myocardial infarction (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.94. The association between perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion and myocardial infarction remained even after adjusting for behavioural, biological and psychoSocial covariates. Conclusions Higher perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion may have a protective effect against myocardial infarction.
Justine Burns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Building Social Cohesion in South Africa
2019Co-Authors: Lindokuhle Njozela, Justine BurnsAbstract:This paper uses data collected across the five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), covering 2008-2017, to update a measure of Social Cohesion for South Africa. This updating exercise is important in validating the measure and establishing its credibility and potential use amongst policymakers. The index suggests that Social Cohesion has been improving over time in South Africa, albeit the gains have been small. These gains have been driven primarily by improvements in perceived trust, and more recently, as shown in the data for Wave 5, by reduced perceptions of inequality. Conversely, our results suggest that a sense of belonging has been eroded over time. Controlling for individual and time fixed effects, we examine the underlying individual and household characteristics that are correlated with these changes in dimensions of the Social Cohesion index. Our key results suggest that access to employment and earned income are positively associated with individual perceptions of trust, equality and a sense of belonging. Moreover, service delivery, particularly electrification, street lights, and refuse collection, has contributed positively towards building Social Cohesion. We also consider the use of national symbols and holidays to promote Social Cohesion. The results show that individuals interviewed soon after Freedom Day report significantly lower levels of trust but significantly higher levels of perceived equality than individuals interviewed later. Conversely, individuals interviewed soon after Heritage Day report significantly higher levels of trust than those interviewed later. Since public holidays are exogenously given, and interview date is, for the most part, also exogenous, these results certainly suggest that there may be short-term effects associated with the experience of a particular public holiday that undermine or promote Social Cohesion.
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Defining Social Cohesion
2018Co-Authors: Justine Burns, George Hull, Kate Lefko-everett, Lindokuhle NjozelaAbstract:Promoting Social Cohesion is one of the most difficult, yet one of the most important, challenges facing South Africa. However, while there is a widespread agreement that Social Cohesion influences economic and Social development, and that nurturing a more cohesive society is an important policy goal in itself, little progress has been made in trying to measure it and track progress in this domain over time. One of the most severe limitations to this progress is the lack of definitional consensus on Social Cohesion. It may seem intuitive to describe it as the glue that binds us together, or the forging of a common sense of identity and belonging. To others, it may speak to a willingness to extend trust to outsiders, to respect fellow citizens and uphold their dignity, and to be moved to action in the face of persistent inequality on behalf of those who are marginalised. Alternatively, specifically in the South African context, its very essence may be seen as common humanity embodied in the notion of ubuntu.
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Towards measuring Social Cohesion in South Africa
2016Co-Authors: Lindokuhle Njozela, Ingrid Shaw, Justine BurnsAbstract:This paper uses data collected across the four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) to construct a measure of Social Cohesion for South Africa. We compare our index to one derived using the Afrobarometer data and find a large degree of consistency in trends in the index and its constituent components over time across the two datasets. However, there is less consistency in the measures once one moves to lower levels of geographic disaggregation. We also find far less variability in the constructed index relying on NIDS panel data as opposed to the repeated cross-sections from Afrobarometer. Having derived the index, we then correlate it with a variety of indicators of Social and economic well-being. We show that higher levels of education, per capita income and employment are positively associated with higher Social Cohesion while Social Cohesion is negatively associated with poverty, service delivery protest and perceptions of crime. In addition, municipal policy and competence are closely associated with higher Social Cohesion. While this work is exploratory, it is encouraging, and suggests new opportunities for future research to begin to take seriously the link between Social Cohesion and economic and Social development.
Eric S. Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion and myocardial infarction
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2014Co-Authors: Eric S. Kim, Armani M Hawes, Jacqui SmithAbstract:Background The main strategy for alleviating heart disease has been to target individuals and encourage them to change their health behaviours. Although important, emphasis on individuals has diverted focus and responsibility away from neighbourhood characteristics, which also strongly influence people9s behaviours. Although a growing body of research has repeatedly demonstrated strong associations between neighbourhood characteristics and cardiovascular health, it has typically focused on negative neighbourhood characteristics. Only a few studies have examined the potential health enhancing effects of positive neighbourhood characteristics, such as perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion. Methods Using multiple logistic regression models, we tested whether higher perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion was associated with lower incidence of myocardial infarction. Prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study—a nationally representative panel study of American adults over the age of 50—were used to analyse 5276 participants with no history of heart disease. Respondents were tracked for 4 years and analyses adjusted for relevant sociodemographic, behavioural, biological and psychoSocial factors. Results In a model that adjusted for age, gender, race, marital status, education and total wealth, each SD increase in perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion was associated with a 22% reduced odds of myocardial infarction (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.94. The association between perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion and myocardial infarction remained even after adjusting for behavioural, biological and psychoSocial covariates. Conclusions Higher perceived neighbourhood Social Cohesion may have a protective effect against myocardial infarction.
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Perceived neighborhood Social Cohesion and stroke.
Social Science & Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Eric S. Kim, Nansook Park, Christopher PetersonAbstract:Research in the last three decades has shown that negative neighborhood factors such as neighborhood violence, noise, traffic, litter, low neighborhood socioeconomic status, and poor air quality increase the risk of poor health. Fewer studies have examined the potential protective effect that neighborhood factors can have on health, particularly stroke. We examined whether higher perceived neighborhood Social Cohesion was associated with lower stroke incidence after adjusting for traditional risk and psychological factors that have been linked with stroke risk. Prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study—a nationally representative panel study of American adults over the age of 50—were used. Analyses were conducted on a subset of 6740 adults who were stroke-free at baseline. Analyses adjusted for chronic illnesses and relevant sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychoSocial factors. Over a four-year follow-up, higher perceived neighborhood Social Cohesion was associated with a lower risk of stroke. Each standard deviation increase in perceived neighborhood Social Cohesion was associated with a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (O.R.) of 0.85 for stroke incidence (95% CI, 0.75–0.97, p < 0.05). The effect of perceived neighborhood Social Cohesion remained significant after adjusting for a comprehensive set of risk factors. Therefore, perceived neighborhood Social Cohesion plays an important role in protecting against stroke.
