The Experts below are selected from a list of 62436 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Caroline Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review Article From Passive Overeating to ‘‘Food Addiction’’: A Spectrum of Compulsion and Severity
2016Co-Authors: Isrn Obesity, Caroline DavisAbstract:which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A psychobiological dimension of eating behaviour is proposed, which is anchored at the low end by energy intake that is relatively well matched to energy output and is reflected by a stable bodymass index (BMI) in the healthy range. Further along the continuum are increasing degrees of overeating (and BMI) characterized by more severe and more compulsive ingestive behaviours. In light of the many similarities between chronic binge eating and drug abuse, several authorities have adopted the perspective that an apparent dependence on highly palatable food—accompanied by emotional and Social Distress—can be best conceptualized as an addiction disorder. Therefore, this review also considers the overlapping symptoms and characteristics of binge eating disorder (BED) and models of food addiction, both in preclinical animal studies and in human research. It also presents this work in the context of the modern and “toxic ” food environment and therein the ubiquitous triggers for over-consumption. We complete the review by providing evidence that what we have come to call “food addiction ” may simply be a more acute and pathologically dense form of BED. Nothing would be more tiresome than eating and drinking if God had not made them a pleasure as well as a necessity. (Voltaire) 1
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from passive overeating to food addiction a spectrum of compulsion and severity
2013Co-Authors: Caroline DavisAbstract:A psychobiological dimension of eating behaviour is proposed, which is anchored at the low end by energy intake that is relatively well matched to energy output and is reflected by a stable body mass index (BMI) in the healthy range. Further along the continuum are increasing degrees of overeating (and BMI) characterized by more severe and more compulsive ingestive behaviours. In light of the many similarities between chronic binge eating and drug abuse, several authorities have adopted the perspective that an apparent dependence on highly palatable food—accompanied by emotional and Social Distress—can be best conceptualized as an addiction disorder. Therefore, this review also considers the overlapping symptoms and characteristics of binge eating disorder (BED) and models of food addiction, both in preclinical animal studies and in human research. It also presents this work in the context of the modern and “toxic” food environment and therein the ubiquitous triggers for over-consumption. We complete the review by providing evidence that what we have come to call “food addiction” may simply be a more acute and pathologically dense form of BED.
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compulsive overeating as an addictive behavior overlap between food addiction and binge eating disorder
2013Co-Authors: Caroline DavisAbstract:With the rise in worldwide rates of obesity in the past few decades, scientists and clinicians have focused considerable attention on trying to understand the causes of excessive and compulsive food intake – patterns of overeating that are highly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Given that prominent psycho-behavioral similarities exist between chronic binge eating and drug abuse, many have adopted the perspective that an apparent dependence on highly palatable food - accompanied by marked emotional and Social Distress and deficiency – is, in essence, an addiction disorder. This narrative review considers the overlapping symptoms and characteristics of binge eating disorder (BED), and models of food addiction, both in preclinical animal studies and in human research. It is concluded that overeating may best be viewed along a dimension reflecting degrees of severity and compulsiveness and that the high end of the continuum marks the clinically significant impairment seen in BED. We further suggest that what we have come to call ‘food addiction’ may simply be a more acute and pathologically-dense form of BED.
Daisy Fancourt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is google trends a useful tool for tracking mental and Social Distress during a public health emergency a time series analysis
2021Co-Authors: Duleeka Knipe, David Gunnell, Hannah Evans, Ann John, Daisy FancourtAbstract:Background: Google Trends data are increasingly used by researchers as an indicator of population mental health, but few studies have investigated the validity of this approach during a public health emergency. / Methods: Relative search volumes (RSV) for the topics depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicide, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and abuse were obtained from Google Trends. We used graphical and time-series approaches to compare daily trends in searches for these topics against population measures of these outcomes recorded using validated self-report scales (PHQ-9; GAD-7; UCLA-3) in a weekly survey (n = ~70,000) of the impact COVID-19 on psychological and Social experiences in the UK population (21/03/2020 to 21/08/ 2020). / Results: Self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, self-harm/suicidal ideation, self-harm, loneliness and abuse decreased during the period studied. There was no evidence of an association between self-reported anxiety, self-harm, abuse and RSV on Google Trends. Trends in Google topic RSV for depression and suicidal ideation were inversely associated with self-reports of these outcomes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). However, there was statistical and graphical evidence that self-report and Google searches for loneliness (p < 0.001) tracked one another. / Limitations: No age/sex breakdown of Google Trends data available. Survey respondents were not representative of the UK population and no pre-pandemic data were available. Conclusion: Google Trends data do not appear to be a useful indicator of changing levels of population mental health during a public health emergency, but may have some value as an indicator of loneliness.
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is google trends a useful tool for tracking mental and Social Distress during a public health emergency a time series analysis
2021Co-Authors: Duleeka Knipe, David Gunnell, Hannah Evans, Ann John, Daisy FancourtAbstract:BackgroundGoogle Trends data are increasingly used by researchers as an indicator of population mental health, but few studies have investigated the validity of this approach. MethodsRelative search volumes (RSV) for the topics depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicide, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and abuse were obtained from Google Trends. We used graphical and time-series approaches to compare daily trends in searches for these topics against population measures of these outcomes recorded using validated scales (PHQ-9; GAD-7; UCLA-3) in a weekly survey (n=[~]70,000) of the impact COVID-19 on psychological and Social experiences in the UK population (12/03/2020 to 21/08/ 2020). ResultsSelf-reported levels of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-harm, loneliness and abuse decreased during the period studied. There was no evidence of an association between self-reported anxiety, self-harm, abuse and RSV on Google Trends. Trends in reported depression symptoms and suicidal ideation declined over the study period, whereas Google topic RSV increased (p=0.03 and p=0.04 respectively). There was some evidence that suicidal ideation searches preceded reported self-harm (p=0.05), but graphical evidence suggested this was an inverse association. However, there was statistical and graphical evidence that self-report and Google searches for loneliness (p<0.001) tracked one another. LimitationsNo age/sex breakdown of Google Trends data are available. Survey respondents were not representative of the UK population and no pre-pandemic data were available. ConclusionGoogle Trends data do not appear to be a useful indicator of changing levels of population mental health during a public health emergency, but may have some value as an indicator of loneliness.
Derek Summerfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental health Social Distress and political oppression the case of the occupied palestinian territory
2011Co-Authors: Rita Giacaman, Yoke Rabaia, Viet Nguyengillham, Rajaie Batniji, Raijaleena Punamaki, Derek SummerfieldAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a brief history of Palestinian mental health care, a discussion of the current status of mental health and health services in the occupied Palestinian territory, and a critique of the biomedical Western-led discourse as it relates to the mental health needs of Palestinians. Medicalising Distress and providing psychological therapies for Palestinians offer little in the way of alleviating the underlying causes of ongoing collective trauma. This paper emphasises the importance of separating clinical responses to mental illness from the public health response to mass political violation and Distress. Palestinian academic research reframes the mental health paradigm utilising an approach based on the broader framework of Social justice, quality of life, human rights and human security. Recognising Social suffering as a public mental health issue requires a shift in the emphasis from narrow medical indicators, injury and illness to the lack of human security and human rights violat...
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mental health Social Distress and political oppression the case of the occupied palestinian territory
2011Co-Authors: Rita Giacaman, Yoke Rabaia, Viet Nguyengillham, Rajaie Batniji, Raijaleena Punamaki, Derek SummerfieldAbstract:This paper presents a brief history of Palestinian mental health care, a discussion of the current status of mental health and health services in the occupied Palestinian territory, and a critique of the biomedical Western-led discourse as it relates to the mental health needs of Palestinians. Medicalising Distress and providing psychological therapies for Palestinians offer little in the way of alleviating the underlying causes of ongoing collective trauma. This paper emphasises the importance of separating clinical responses to mental illness from the public health response to mass political violation and Distress. Palestinian academic research reframes the mental health paradigm utilising an approach based on the broader framework of Social justice, quality of life, human rights and human security. Recognising Social suffering as a public mental health issue requires a shift in the emphasis from narrow medical indicators, injury and illness to the lack of human security and human rights violations experienced by ordinary Palestinians. Such a change in perspective requires a parallel change in mental health policies from short-term emergency humanitarian aid to the development of a sustainable system of public mental health services, in combination with advocacy for human rights and the restoration of political, historical and moral justice.
Marco Colizzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of cross sex hormonal treatment on gender dysphoria individuals mental health a systematic review
2016Co-Authors: Rosalia Costa, Marco ColizziAbstract:Cross-sex hormonal treatment represents a main aspect of gender dysphoria health care pathway. However, it is still debated whether this intervention translates into a better mental well-being for the individual and which mechanisms may underlie this association. Although sex reassignment surgery has been the subject of extensive investigation, few studies have specifically focused on hormonal treatment in recent years. Here, we systematically review all studies examining the effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health and well-being in gender dysphoria. Research tends to support the evidence that hormone therapy reduces symptoms of anxiety and dissociation, lowering perceived and Social Distress and improving quality of life and self-esteem in both male-to-female and female-to-male individuals. Instead, compared to female-to-male individuals, hormone-treated male-to-female individuals seem to benefit more in terms of a reduction in their body uneasiness and personality-related psychopathology and an amelioration of their emotional functioning. Less consistent findings support an association between hormonal treatment and other mental health-related dimensions. In particular, depression, global psychopathology, and psychoSocial functioning difficulties appear to reduce only in some studies, while others do not suggest any improvement in these domains. Results from longitudinal studies support more consistently the association between hormonal treatment and improved mental health. On the contrary, a number of cross-sectional studies do not support this evidence. This review provides possible biological explanation vs psychological explanation (direct effect vs indirect effect) for the hormonal treatment-induced better mental well-being. In conclusion, this review indicates that gender dysphoria-related mental Distress may benefit from hormonal treatment intervention, suggesting a transient reaction to the nonsatisfaction connected to the incongruent body image rather than a stable psychiatric comorbidity. In this perspective, timely hormonal treatment intervention represents a crucial issue in gender dysphoria individuals' mental health-related outcome.
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hormonal treatment reduces psychobiological Distress in gender identity disorder independently of the attachment style
2013Co-Authors: Marco Colizzi, Rosalia Costa, Valeria Pace, Orlando TodarelloAbstract:Introduction. Gender identity disorder may be a stressful situation. Hormonal treatment seemed to improve the general health as it reduces psychological and Social Distress. The attachment style seemed to regulate Distress in insecure individuals as they are more exposed to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system dysregulation and subjective stress. Aim. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the presence of psychobiological Distress and insecure attachment in transsexuals and to study their stress levels with reference to the hormonal treatment and the attachment pattern. Methods. We investigated 70 transsexual patients. We measured the cortisol levels and the perceived stress before starting the hormonal therapy and after about 12 months. We studied the representation of attachment in transsexuals by a backward investigation in the relations between them and their caregivers. Main Outcome Measures. We used blood samples for assessing cortisol awakening response (CAR); we used the Perceived Stress Scale for evaluating self-reported perceived stress and the Adult Attachment Interview to determine attachment styles. Results. At enrollment, transsexuals reported elevated CAR; their values were out of normal. They expressed higher perceived stress and more attachment insecurity, with respect to normative sample data. When treated with hormone therapy, transsexuals reported significantly lower CAR (P < 0.001), falling within the normal range for cortisol levels. Treated transsexuals showed also lower perceived stress (P < 0.001), with levels similar to normative samples. The insecure attachment styles were associated with higher CAR and perceived stress in untreated transsexuals (P < 0.01). Treated transsexuals did not expressed significant differences in CAR and perceived stress by attachment. Conclusion. Our results suggested that untreated patients suffer from a higher degree of stress and that attachment insecurity negatively impacts the stress management. Initiating the hormonal treatment seemed to have a positive effect in reducing stress levels, whatever the attachment style may be. Colizzi M, Costa R, Pace V, and Todarello O. Hormonal treatment reduces psychobiological Distress in gender identity disorder, independently of the attachment style. J Sex Med 2013;10:3049–3058.
Duleeka Knipe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is google trends a useful tool for tracking mental and Social Distress during a public health emergency a time series analysis
2021Co-Authors: Duleeka Knipe, David Gunnell, Hannah Evans, Ann John, Daisy FancourtAbstract:Background: Google Trends data are increasingly used by researchers as an indicator of population mental health, but few studies have investigated the validity of this approach during a public health emergency. / Methods: Relative search volumes (RSV) for the topics depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicide, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and abuse were obtained from Google Trends. We used graphical and time-series approaches to compare daily trends in searches for these topics against population measures of these outcomes recorded using validated self-report scales (PHQ-9; GAD-7; UCLA-3) in a weekly survey (n = ~70,000) of the impact COVID-19 on psychological and Social experiences in the UK population (21/03/2020 to 21/08/ 2020). / Results: Self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, self-harm/suicidal ideation, self-harm, loneliness and abuse decreased during the period studied. There was no evidence of an association between self-reported anxiety, self-harm, abuse and RSV on Google Trends. Trends in Google topic RSV for depression and suicidal ideation were inversely associated with self-reports of these outcomes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). However, there was statistical and graphical evidence that self-report and Google searches for loneliness (p < 0.001) tracked one another. / Limitations: No age/sex breakdown of Google Trends data available. Survey respondents were not representative of the UK population and no pre-pandemic data were available. Conclusion: Google Trends data do not appear to be a useful indicator of changing levels of population mental health during a public health emergency, but may have some value as an indicator of loneliness.
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is google trends a useful tool for tracking mental and Social Distress during a public health emergency a time series analysis
2021Co-Authors: Duleeka Knipe, David Gunnell, Hannah Evans, Ann John, Daisy FancourtAbstract:BackgroundGoogle Trends data are increasingly used by researchers as an indicator of population mental health, but few studies have investigated the validity of this approach. MethodsRelative search volumes (RSV) for the topics depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicide, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and abuse were obtained from Google Trends. We used graphical and time-series approaches to compare daily trends in searches for these topics against population measures of these outcomes recorded using validated scales (PHQ-9; GAD-7; UCLA-3) in a weekly survey (n=[~]70,000) of the impact COVID-19 on psychological and Social experiences in the UK population (12/03/2020 to 21/08/ 2020). ResultsSelf-reported levels of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-harm, loneliness and abuse decreased during the period studied. There was no evidence of an association between self-reported anxiety, self-harm, abuse and RSV on Google Trends. Trends in reported depression symptoms and suicidal ideation declined over the study period, whereas Google topic RSV increased (p=0.03 and p=0.04 respectively). There was some evidence that suicidal ideation searches preceded reported self-harm (p=0.05), but graphical evidence suggested this was an inverse association. However, there was statistical and graphical evidence that self-report and Google searches for loneliness (p<0.001) tracked one another. LimitationsNo age/sex breakdown of Google Trends data are available. Survey respondents were not representative of the UK population and no pre-pandemic data were available. ConclusionGoogle Trends data do not appear to be a useful indicator of changing levels of population mental health during a public health emergency, but may have some value as an indicator of loneliness.