The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Toni E Ziegler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social Effects via olfactory sensory stimuli on reproductive function and dysfunction in cooperative breeding marmosets and tamarins
American Journal of Primatology, 2013Co-Authors: Toni E ZieglerAbstract:Most primates are Social species whose reproduction is influenced by their Social relationships. The cotton-top tamarin, Saguinus oedipus, and the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, are cooperative breeding species where the family structure alters reproductive function in many ways. While primates receive Social Effects on reproduction via all sensory stimuli, the marmosets and tamarins are particularly influenced by olfactory/chemosensory stimuli. The olfactory sensory processing is the “Social glue” that keeps the family together. This review describes a number of studies using the marmosets and tamarins at the University of Wisconsin to demonstrate how odor cues are used for altering reproductive function and dysfunction. Several key studies will be discussed to show the role of odor signaling of the female reproductive state. The suppressive Effects of odors are mediated by priming odors and can cause a suppressive influence on ovulation in young females via their mother's scents. Additionally, odor cues from the infant function as priming odors to ensure that fathers and mothers are present and receptive to their parental care duties. Neural pathways occur via the processing of priming odors that consequently stimulate alterations in the behavioral and endocrine response to the stimuli. The dynamics of the cooperative breeding system ensure that offspring have essential needs met and that they develop in a family environment. Olfactory communication plays a key role in maintenance of the Social system of Callitrichid monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 75:202-211, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Social Effects via olfactory sensory stimuli on reproductive function and dysfunction in cooperative breeding marmosets and tamarins
American Journal of Primatology, 2013Co-Authors: Toni E ZieglerAbstract:Most primates are Social species whose reproduction is influenced by their Social relationships. The cotton-top tamarin, Saguinus oedipus, and the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, are cooperative breeding species where the family structure alters reproductive function in many ways. While primates receive Social Effects on reproduction via all sensory stimuli, the marmosets and tamarins are particularly influenced by olfactory/chemosensory stimuli. The olfactory sensory processing is the "Social glue" that keeps the family together. This review describes a number of studies using the marmosets and tamarins at the University of Wisconsin to demonstrate how odor cues are used for altering reproductive function and dysfunction. Several key studies will be discussed to show the role of odor signaling of the female reproductive state. The suppressive Effects of odors are mediated by priming odors and can cause a suppressive influence on ovulation in young females via their mother's scents. Additionally, odor cues from the infant function as priming odors to ensure that fathers and mothers are present and receptive to their parental care duties. Neural pathways occur via the processing of priming odors that consequently stimulate alterations in the behavioral and endocrine response to the stimuli. The dynamics of the cooperative breeding system ensure that offspring have essential needs met and that they develop in a family environment. Olfactory communication plays a key role in maintenance of the Social system of Callitrichid monkeys.
David N Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social Effects of territorial neighbours on the timing of spring breeding in north american red squirrels
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2019Co-Authors: David N Fisher, Alastair J Wilson, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E Lane, David W Coltman, Jamie C Gorrell, Andrew G McadamAbstract:Organisms can affect one another's phenotypes when they Socially interact. Indirect genetic Effects occur when an individual's phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable Effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these Social Effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic Effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and their covariance with direct Effects, for the date of spring breeding in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated indirect Effects and the strength of selection at low and high population densities. Social Effects of neighbours on the date of spring breeding were different from zero at high population densities but not at low population densities. Indirect phenotypic Effects accounted for a larger amount of variation in the date of breeding than differences attributable to the among-individual variance, suggesting Social interactions are important for determining breeding dates. The genetic component to these indirect Effects was however not statistically significant. We therefore showcase a powerful and flexible method that will allow researchers working in organisms with a range of Social systems to estimate indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and demonstrate the degree to which Social interactions can influence phenotypes, even in a solitary species.
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Social Effects of territorial neighbours on the timing of spring breeding in north american red squirrels
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: David N Fisher, Alastair J Wilson, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E Lane, David W Coltman, Jamie C Gorrell, Andrew G McadamAbstract:Abstract Organisms can affect one another’s phenotypes when they Socially interact. Indirect genetic Effects occur when an individual’s phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable Effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these Social Effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic Effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and their covariance with direct Effects, for the date of spring breeding in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated variance parameters and the strength of selection at low and high population densities. Social Effects of neighbours on the date of spring breeding were weak at low, but stronger at high population densities. Indirect phenotypic Effects accounted for a larger amount of variation in the date of breeding than direct differences among-individuals, although the genetic component to these indirect Effects was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the estimated effect size was large enough to suggest that indirect genetic Effects could alter evolutionary change, resulting in less change at high densities despite stronger selection. Despite the difficulty in estimating them precisely, indirect genetic Effects have clear potential to alter evolutionary trajectories in any natural systems where organisms interact.
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indirect Effects of territorial neighbors on the timing of spring breeding may counteract changes in selection in north american red squirrels
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: David N Fisher, Alastair J Wilson, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E Lane, David W Coltman, Jamie C Gorrell, Andrew G McadamAbstract:Organisms can affect one another9s phenotypes when they Socially interact. Indirect genetic Effects occur when an individual9s phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable Effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these Social Effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic Effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and their covariance with direct Effects, in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated variance parameters and the strength of selection at high and low population densities. Social Effects of neighbors on date of spring breeding were weak at low population densities, but stronger at high population densities. Although indirect phenotypic Effects were detected, the genetic component to these was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the estimated effect size was large enough to suggest that indirect genetic Effects would alter evolutionary change, giving less change at high densities despite stronger selection. The (uncertain) potential for indirect genetic Effects to alter evolution suggests that they have potentially important consequences for any natural systems where organisms interact.
Andrew G Mcadam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social Effects of territorial neighbours on the timing of spring breeding in north american red squirrels
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2019Co-Authors: David N Fisher, Alastair J Wilson, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E Lane, David W Coltman, Jamie C Gorrell, Andrew G McadamAbstract:Organisms can affect one another's phenotypes when they Socially interact. Indirect genetic Effects occur when an individual's phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable Effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these Social Effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic Effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and their covariance with direct Effects, for the date of spring breeding in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated indirect Effects and the strength of selection at low and high population densities. Social Effects of neighbours on the date of spring breeding were different from zero at high population densities but not at low population densities. Indirect phenotypic Effects accounted for a larger amount of variation in the date of breeding than differences attributable to the among-individual variance, suggesting Social interactions are important for determining breeding dates. The genetic component to these indirect Effects was however not statistically significant. We therefore showcase a powerful and flexible method that will allow researchers working in organisms with a range of Social systems to estimate indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and demonstrate the degree to which Social interactions can influence phenotypes, even in a solitary species.
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Social Effects of territorial neighbours on the timing of spring breeding in north american red squirrels
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: David N Fisher, Alastair J Wilson, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E Lane, David W Coltman, Jamie C Gorrell, Andrew G McadamAbstract:Abstract Organisms can affect one another’s phenotypes when they Socially interact. Indirect genetic Effects occur when an individual’s phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable Effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these Social Effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic Effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and their covariance with direct Effects, for the date of spring breeding in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated variance parameters and the strength of selection at low and high population densities. Social Effects of neighbours on the date of spring breeding were weak at low, but stronger at high population densities. Indirect phenotypic Effects accounted for a larger amount of variation in the date of breeding than direct differences among-individuals, although the genetic component to these indirect Effects was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the estimated effect size was large enough to suggest that indirect genetic Effects could alter evolutionary change, resulting in less change at high densities despite stronger selection. Despite the difficulty in estimating them precisely, indirect genetic Effects have clear potential to alter evolutionary trajectories in any natural systems where organisms interact.
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indirect Effects of territorial neighbors on the timing of spring breeding may counteract changes in selection in north american red squirrels
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: David N Fisher, Alastair J Wilson, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E Lane, David W Coltman, Jamie C Gorrell, Andrew G McadamAbstract:Organisms can affect one another9s phenotypes when they Socially interact. Indirect genetic Effects occur when an individual9s phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable Effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these Social Effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic Effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic Effects, and their covariance with direct Effects, in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated variance parameters and the strength of selection at high and low population densities. Social Effects of neighbors on date of spring breeding were weak at low population densities, but stronger at high population densities. Although indirect phenotypic Effects were detected, the genetic component to these was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the estimated effect size was large enough to suggest that indirect genetic Effects would alter evolutionary change, giving less change at high densities despite stronger selection. The (uncertain) potential for indirect genetic Effects to alter evolution suggests that they have potentially important consequences for any natural systems where organisms interact.
Kazuyoshi Wada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and preliminary evaluation of a caregiver s manual for robot therapy using the therapeutic seal robot paro
Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2010Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Wada, Yousuke Ikeda, Kaoru Inoue, Reona UeharaAbstract:Robot therapy is expected to have psychological, physiological and Social Effects similar to animal therapy. The use of a therapeutic seal robot, Paro, in various facilities for the elderly is spreading around the world. However, caregivers use Paro freely, and the ways in which they use Paro differ among them. Therefore, the Effects are influenced by their skills. A manual that shows effective ways to use Paro is needed. In this paper, such a manual that shows effective methods for robot therapy is developed and its effectiveness is evaluated in a preliminary study with one caregiver and two patients.
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Social Effects of robot therapy in a care house change of Social network of the residents for two months
International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2007Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Wada, T. ShibataAbstract:Robot therapy for elderly residents in a care house has been conducted since June 2005. Two therapeutic seal robots were introduced and activated for over 9 hours every day to interact with the residents. This paper presents a progress report of this experiment. In order to investigate the psychological and Social Effects of the robots, each subject was interviewed by using the free pile sort method, and their subjective Social network was analysed. In addition, the activities of the residents in public areas were recorded by video cameras during daytime hours (8:30-18:00) for over 2 months. Then, their Social network was analysed from the video data objectively. The results showed that the density of the Social networks was increased through interaction with the robots subjectively and objectively.
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psychological and Social Effects of robot assisted activity to elderly people who stay at a health service facility for the aged
International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2003Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Wada, Takanori Shibata, T Saito, K TanieAbstract:We have been developing mental commit robots that provide psychological, physiological, and Social Effects to human beings through physical interaction. The appearances of these robots look like real animals such as cat and seal. The seal robot was developed especially for therapy. We have applied seal robots to assisting activity of elderly people at a health service facility for the aged. In order to investigate psychological and Social Effects of seal robots to the elderly people, we evaluated elderly people's moods by face scales (which express person's moods by illustration of person's faces) and Profile of Mood States (which measures person's moods by questionnaires). Seal robots were provided into the facility for three weeks. As the results, feelings of elderly people were improved by interaction with the seal robots.
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Effects of robot assisted activity to elderly people who stay at a health service facility for the aged
Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Wada, Takanori Shibata, T Saito, K TanieAbstract:We have been developing mental commit robots that provide psychological, physiological, and Social Effects to human beings through physical interaction. The appearances of these robots look like real animals such as cat and seal. The seal robot was developed especially for therapy. We have applied seal robots to assisting activity of elderly people at a health service facility for the aged. In order to investigate psychological, physiological and Social Effects of seal robots to the elderly people, we evaluated elderly people's moods by Profile of Mood States (which measures person's moods by questionnaires) and urinary tests. Seal robots were provided into the facility for three weeks. As the results, moods of elderly people were improved by interaction with the seal robots.
K Tanie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychological and Social Effects of robot assisted activity to elderly people who stay at a health service facility for the aged
International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2003Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Wada, Takanori Shibata, T Saito, K TanieAbstract:We have been developing mental commit robots that provide psychological, physiological, and Social Effects to human beings through physical interaction. The appearances of these robots look like real animals such as cat and seal. The seal robot was developed especially for therapy. We have applied seal robots to assisting activity of elderly people at a health service facility for the aged. In order to investigate psychological and Social Effects of seal robots to the elderly people, we evaluated elderly people's moods by face scales (which express person's moods by illustration of person's faces) and Profile of Mood States (which measures person's moods by questionnaires). Seal robots were provided into the facility for three weeks. As the results, feelings of elderly people were improved by interaction with the seal robots.
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Effects of robot assisted activity to elderly people who stay at a health service facility for the aged
Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Wada, Takanori Shibata, T Saito, K TanieAbstract:We have been developing mental commit robots that provide psychological, physiological, and Social Effects to human beings through physical interaction. The appearances of these robots look like real animals such as cat and seal. The seal robot was developed especially for therapy. We have applied seal robots to assisting activity of elderly people at a health service facility for the aged. In order to investigate psychological, physiological and Social Effects of seal robots to the elderly people, we evaluated elderly people's moods by Profile of Mood States (which measures person's moods by questionnaires) and urinary tests. Seal robots were provided into the facility for three weeks. As the results, moods of elderly people were improved by interaction with the seal robots.
