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K P Goudswaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Private Social expenditure and the redistributive impact of the welfare state
2014Co-Authors: K P Goudswaard, Koen CaminadaAbstract:Most analyses of Social protection are focussed on public arrangements. However, Social effort is not restricted to the public domain; all kinds of private arrangements can be substitutes to public programs. In fact, in several countries there has been a shift from public towards private Social arrangements. OECD-data indicate that accounting for private Social benefits has an equalising effect on levels of Social effort across a number of countries. This suggests that public and private Social Expenditures are complementary to some extent. But their distributional effects differ. In all OECD countries, the Social protection system causes a more equal distribution of incomes. Indeed, using cross-country data, we find a negative relationship between public Social Expenditures and income inequality and a positive relationship between public Social expenditure and income redistribution. But we do not find a significant positive relationship between private Social Expenditures and income inequality or income redistribution. Consequently, changes in the public/private-mix in the provision of Social protection may affect the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
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the redistributive effect of public and private Social programmes a cross country empirical analysis
International Social Security Review, 2010Co-Authors: K P Goudswaard, Koen CaminadaAbstract:A function of many national Social protection systems is to substantially redistribute income. However, the size and nature of Social protection programmes are changing. In a number of countries there has been a shift from public towards private Social protection arrangements, with the latter substituting for, or complementing, public programmes. Developing earlier work, this present article analyses the redistributive impact on income of public versus private Social protection programmes. Using recent data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, we find a strong positive relationship between public Social Expenditures and income redistribution across countries. For private Social Expenditures, we find a weak, but statistically significant, negative relationship with the level of redistribution. In countries where a larger share of total Social expenditure is accorded to private arrangements there is less income redistribution. We conclude that the choice between the relative weight of public and private provision of Social protection affects the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
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How Well is Social Expenditure Targeted to the Poor
2010Co-Authors: Koen Caminada, K P GoudswaardAbstract:Some countries are more effective in poverty reduction than others. What can explain these variations in effectiveness? This paper analyzes the effectiveness of Social transfers in alleviating poverty. We focus especially on EU countries, but also include other OECD countries into our analysis. We compare poverty rates at the levels of market and disposable incomes, that is before and after transfers, in order to analyze the effect of tax and transfer policies in reducing poverty, i.e. to determine the target efficiency of Social transfers. We perform several tests with the most recent data. In case pensions are treated as transfers, we find a strong relationship between levels of Social spending and antipoverty effects of Social transfers and taxes. Social spending seems to be an important determinant of a country’s poverty outcome. Our analysis highlights some cross-country differences in targeting of Social Expenditures on poverty alleviation in EU15 and non-EU15 countries around 2005. We introduce an indicator of Public Policy Effectiveness on Poverty Alleviation across countries. Each percentage point of Social expenditure alleviates poverty in both EU15 and non-EU15 countries by .7 percentage points on average. Relatively high scores in EU15 countries are found for Ireland and the Scandinavian countries, while Italy, Greece and Spain score lowest. Outside Europe the poorest scores are reported for Korea and the United States. Country ranking appears to be rather stable over time when outcomes for 1995 and 2005 are compared, although some of our results may be sensitive to cyclical factors.
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The redistributive impact of public and private Social expenditure
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008Co-Authors: K P Goudswaard, Koen CaminadaAbstract:Most analyses of Social protection are focussed on public arrangements. However, Social effort is not restricted to the public domain; all kinds of private arrangements can be substitutes to public programs. In fact, in several countries there has been a shift from public towards private Social arrangements. OECD-data indicate that accounting for private Social benefits has an equalising effect on levels of Social effort across a number of countries. This suggests that public and private Social Expenditures are complementary to some extent. But their distributional effects differ. In all OECD countries, the Social protection system causes a more equal distribution of incomes. Indeed, using cross-country data, we find a negative relationship between public Social Expenditures and income inequality and a positive relationship between public Social expenditure and income redistribution. But we do not find a significant positive relationship between private Social Expenditures and income inequality or income redistribution. Consequently, changes in the public/private-mix in the provision of Social protection may affect the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
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Are Public and Private Social Expenditures Complementary
International Advances in Economic Research, 2005Co-Authors: Koen Caminada, K P GoudswaardAbstract:Most analyses of Social protection are focussed on public arrangements. However, Social effort is not restricted to the public domain; all kinds of private arrangements can be substitutes to public programs. OECD-data indicate that accounting for private Social benefits has an equalising effect on levels of Social effort across a number of countries. This suggests complementarity between public and private Social Expenditures. But their distributional effects differ. Using cross-country data, we find a negative relationship between net public Social Expenditures and income inequality, but a positive relationship between net private Social Expenditures and income inequality. We conclude that changes in the public/private mix in the provision of Social protection may affect the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
Koen Caminada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Private Social expenditure and the redistributive impact of the welfare state
2014Co-Authors: K P Goudswaard, Koen CaminadaAbstract:Most analyses of Social protection are focussed on public arrangements. However, Social effort is not restricted to the public domain; all kinds of private arrangements can be substitutes to public programs. In fact, in several countries there has been a shift from public towards private Social arrangements. OECD-data indicate that accounting for private Social benefits has an equalising effect on levels of Social effort across a number of countries. This suggests that public and private Social Expenditures are complementary to some extent. But their distributional effects differ. In all OECD countries, the Social protection system causes a more equal distribution of incomes. Indeed, using cross-country data, we find a negative relationship between public Social Expenditures and income inequality and a positive relationship between public Social expenditure and income redistribution. But we do not find a significant positive relationship between private Social Expenditures and income inequality or income redistribution. Consequently, changes in the public/private-mix in the provision of Social protection may affect the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
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the redistributive effect of public and private Social programmes a cross country empirical analysis
International Social Security Review, 2010Co-Authors: K P Goudswaard, Koen CaminadaAbstract:A function of many national Social protection systems is to substantially redistribute income. However, the size and nature of Social protection programmes are changing. In a number of countries there has been a shift from public towards private Social protection arrangements, with the latter substituting for, or complementing, public programmes. Developing earlier work, this present article analyses the redistributive impact on income of public versus private Social protection programmes. Using recent data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, we find a strong positive relationship between public Social Expenditures and income redistribution across countries. For private Social Expenditures, we find a weak, but statistically significant, negative relationship with the level of redistribution. In countries where a larger share of total Social expenditure is accorded to private arrangements there is less income redistribution. We conclude that the choice between the relative weight of public and private provision of Social protection affects the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
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How Well is Social Expenditure Targeted to the Poor
2010Co-Authors: Koen Caminada, K P GoudswaardAbstract:Some countries are more effective in poverty reduction than others. What can explain these variations in effectiveness? This paper analyzes the effectiveness of Social transfers in alleviating poverty. We focus especially on EU countries, but also include other OECD countries into our analysis. We compare poverty rates at the levels of market and disposable incomes, that is before and after transfers, in order to analyze the effect of tax and transfer policies in reducing poverty, i.e. to determine the target efficiency of Social transfers. We perform several tests with the most recent data. In case pensions are treated as transfers, we find a strong relationship between levels of Social spending and antipoverty effects of Social transfers and taxes. Social spending seems to be an important determinant of a country’s poverty outcome. Our analysis highlights some cross-country differences in targeting of Social Expenditures on poverty alleviation in EU15 and non-EU15 countries around 2005. We introduce an indicator of Public Policy Effectiveness on Poverty Alleviation across countries. Each percentage point of Social expenditure alleviates poverty in both EU15 and non-EU15 countries by .7 percentage points on average. Relatively high scores in EU15 countries are found for Ireland and the Scandinavian countries, while Italy, Greece and Spain score lowest. Outside Europe the poorest scores are reported for Korea and the United States. Country ranking appears to be rather stable over time when outcomes for 1995 and 2005 are compared, although some of our results may be sensitive to cyclical factors.
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The redistributive impact of public and private Social expenditure
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008Co-Authors: K P Goudswaard, Koen CaminadaAbstract:Most analyses of Social protection are focussed on public arrangements. However, Social effort is not restricted to the public domain; all kinds of private arrangements can be substitutes to public programs. In fact, in several countries there has been a shift from public towards private Social arrangements. OECD-data indicate that accounting for private Social benefits has an equalising effect on levels of Social effort across a number of countries. This suggests that public and private Social Expenditures are complementary to some extent. But their distributional effects differ. In all OECD countries, the Social protection system causes a more equal distribution of incomes. Indeed, using cross-country data, we find a negative relationship between public Social Expenditures and income inequality and a positive relationship between public Social expenditure and income redistribution. But we do not find a significant positive relationship between private Social Expenditures and income inequality or income redistribution. Consequently, changes in the public/private-mix in the provision of Social protection may affect the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
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Are Public and Private Social Expenditures Complementary
International Advances in Economic Research, 2005Co-Authors: Koen Caminada, K P GoudswaardAbstract:Most analyses of Social protection are focussed on public arrangements. However, Social effort is not restricted to the public domain; all kinds of private arrangements can be substitutes to public programs. OECD-data indicate that accounting for private Social benefits has an equalising effect on levels of Social effort across a number of countries. This suggests complementarity between public and private Social Expenditures. But their distributional effects differ. Using cross-country data, we find a negative relationship between net public Social Expenditures and income inequality, but a positive relationship between net private Social Expenditures and income inequality. We conclude that changes in the public/private mix in the provision of Social protection may affect the redistributive impact of the welfare state.
Yuriy Timofeyev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how corruption affects Social Expenditures evidence from russia
The Global Journal of Business Research, 2011Co-Authors: Yuriy TimofeyevAbstract:This paper clarifies the main theoretical issues of corruption. An estimate and branch analysis of corruption in Russia is offered. The research concentrates on effects produced by corruption on Social Expenditures. The analysis demonstrates how corruption influences the poverty situation after Social transfers and on the general efficiency of Social payments. Using the European Commission method and a corrected method, indicators of efficiency of Social spending are calculated for Russia. Also, the existence of correlation between efficiency of Social spending and corruption perception index calculated by Transparency International Agency is estimated for European Union countries and Russia. A few policy recommendations aimed at controlling corruption in modern Russia and optimization of public Expenditures are offered.
Olaf Van Vliet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The political economy of Social assistance and minimum income benefits: a comparative analysis across 26 OECD countries
Comparative European Politics, 2019Co-Authors: Olaf Van Vliet, Jinxian WangAbstract:Social assistance benefit schemes are a peculiar type of welfare state program. As the electoral costs are relatively low, this program forms an obvious target for cost reduction in times of austerity. The aim of this study is to examine the determinants of the developments in Social assistance benefits. We seek to make two contributions. First, this paper provides insight into the role of economic, political, and institutional determinants of the variation in Social assistance benefits. Second, cross-national data on Social Expenditures and income replacement rates are available for several welfare state programs, but not for Social assistance benefits. Presenting minimum income benefit replacement rates, this study analyzes the developments of Social assistance benefits across 26 OECD countries over the past two decades. The analysis leads to the conclusion that budgetary pressure stemming from increased exposure to international trade and soaring levels of unemployment is associated with benefit cuts.
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Divergence within Convergence: Europeanization of Social and Labour Market Policies
Journal of European Integration, 2010Co-Authors: Olaf Van VlietAbstract:Since the adoption of the European Employment Strategy and the Lisbon strategy, convergence of Social protection goals and labour market policies across EU countries features prominently on the European agenda. Embedded in convergence, Europeanisation and welfare state literature, this paper examines the role of European integration in changing Social policies. It shows that since 1995, Social Expenditures of EU member states have converged and increased on average, whereas those of non-EU countries have diverged, corrected for cyclical and demographic effects. This EU-specific convergence pattern of Social Expenditures leads to the subsequent question whether or not national policies also have converged. Relying on disaggregated expenditure data and policy indicators, this study shows an EU-specific trend of increasing activation of labour market policies. However, within this scope of activation, countries have opted for different mixes of policy instruments.
Eduardo Lora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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LA VULNERABILIDAD FISCAL DEL GASTO Social: ¿ES DIFERENTE AMERICA LATINA? The Fiscal VulnerabiliTy oF Public Social Expenditures: is laTin america diFFerenT?
2009Co-Authors: Eduardo LoraAbstract:An unbalanced panel data of around fifty countries between 1985 and 2003 is used to estimate the vulnerability of public Social Expenditures (health and education) to other fiscal variables. The database allows comparisons between Latin America and the rest of developing countries. Public Social expenditure is significantly lower in Latin America as share of GDP, although it has a higher share in primary expenditure. Public Social Expenditures in Latin America are more vulnerable to debt service, but are less sensible to changes in other types of public expenditure. As in other regions in the developing world, public Social expenditure in Latin America shrinks when public debt stock increases. This effect is higher with multilateral debt obligations. In Latin America, debt defaults reduce the share of public Social Expenditures in total primary public expenditure.
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The Fiscal Vulnerability of Public Social Expenditures: Is Latin America Different? (La Vulnerabilidad Fiscal Del Gasto Social: ¿Es Diferente América Latina?)
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Eduardo LoraAbstract:An unbalanced panel data of around fifty countries between 1985 and 2003 is used to estimate the vulnerability of public Social Expenditures (health and education) to other fiscal variables. The database allows comparisons between Latin America and the rest of developing countries. Public Social expenditure is significantly lower in Latin America as share of GDP, although it has a higher share in primary expenditure. Public Social Expenditures in Latin America are more vulnerable to debt service, but are less sensible to changes in other types of public expenditure. As in other regions in the developing world, public Social expenditure in Latin America shrinks when public debt stock increases. This effect is higher with multilateral debt obligations. In Latin America, debt defaults reduce the share of public Social Expenditures in total primary public expenditure.
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Public Debt and Social Expenditure: Friends or Foes?
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Eduardo Lora, Mauricio OliveraAbstract:This paper assesses the effects of total public debt (external and domestic) on Social expenditure worldwide and in Latin America using an unbalanced panel of around 50 countries for the period 1985-2003. The most robust and important finding is that higher debt ratios do reduce Social Expenditures, as popular opinion holds. This effect comes mostly from the stock of debt and not from debt service payments, indicating that debt displaces Social Expenditures not so much because it raises the debt burden, but because it reduces the room (or the appetite) for further indebtedness. Loans from multilateral organizations like the World Bank or the Inter-American Development Bank do not seem to ameliorate the adverse consequences of debt on Social Expenditures. In accordance with popular wisdom, our results indicate that defaulting on debt obligations does help to increase Social Expenditures. Nonetheless, Latin America is different in some respects. The adverse effects of debt and debt-interest payments are significantly stronger in the region, which makes defaults more beneficial to Social Expenditures. While many of these conclusions are very heterodox, their main policy implication is not; there is no better way to protect Social Expenditures than to avoid overindebtedness, especially in Latin America.