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Michael F Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adapting Social Neuroscience measures for schizophrenia clinical trials part 3 fathoming external validity
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Charles M Olbert, David L Penn, Robert S Kern, Junghee Lee, William P Horan, Steven P Reise, Kevin N Ochsner, Stephen R Marder, Michael F GreenAbstract:It is unknown whether measures adapted from Social Neuroscience linked to specific neural systems will demonstrate relationships to external variables. Four paradigms adapted from Social Neuroscience were administered to 173 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia to determine their relationships to functionally meaningful variables and to investigate their incremental validity beyond standard measures of Social and nonSocial cognition. The 4 paradigms included 2 that assess perception of nonverbal Social and action cues (basic biological motion and emotion in biological motion) and 2 that involve higher level inferences about self and others’ mental states (self- referential memory and empathic accuracy). Overall, Social Neuroscience paradigms showed significant relationships to functional capacity but weak relationships to community functioning; the paradigms also showed weak correlations to clinical symptoms. Evidence for incremental validity beyond standard measures of Social and nonSocial cognition was mixed with additional predictive power shown for functional capacity but not community functioning. Of the newly adapted paradigms, the empathic accuracy task had the broadest external validity. These results underscore the difficulty of translating developments from Neuroscience into clinically useful tasks with functional significance.
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adapting Social Neuroscience measures for schizophrenia clinical trials part 1 ferrying paradigms across perilous waters
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Michael F Green, Junghee Lee, Kevin N OchsnerAbstract:Social cognitive impairment is prominent in schizophrenia, and it is closely related to functional outcome. Partly for these reasons, it has rapidly become a target for both training and psychopharmacological interventions. However, there is a paucity of reliable and valid Social cognitive endpoints that can be used to evaluate treatment response in clinical trials. Also, clinical studies in schizophrenia have benefited rather little from the surge of activity and knowledge in nonclinical Social Neuroscience. The National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored study, “Social Cognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia” (SCAF), attempted to address this translational challenge by selecting paradigms from Social Neuroscience that could be adapted for use in schizophrenia. The project also evaluated the psychometric properties and external validity of the tasks to determine their suitability for multisite clinical trials. This first article in the theme section presents the goals, conceptual background, and rationale for the SCAF project.
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Going From Social Neuroscience to Schizophrenia Clinical Trials
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Michael F Green, David L PennAbstract:The goals of the project Social Cognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia (SCAF) were to (1) identify the domains to target from Social Neuroscience for translation to clinical schizophrenia research, (2) identify the paradigms that represent these domains for which the neural substrates are well documented, (3) adapt these paradigms for use in schizophrenia clinical trials, (4) assess the psychometric properties of these measures, and (5) assess the external validity of these measures. The articles in this theme section present the initial findings from the SCAF project. As more training and psychopharmacological studies evaluate interventions for Social cognition, the articles in this theme section are intended to serve as a guide for informed design decisions about possible endpoints in clinical trials.
David L Penn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adapting Social Neuroscience measures for schizophrenia clinical trials part 3 fathoming external validity
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Charles M Olbert, David L Penn, Robert S Kern, Junghee Lee, William P Horan, Steven P Reise, Kevin N Ochsner, Stephen R Marder, Michael F GreenAbstract:It is unknown whether measures adapted from Social Neuroscience linked to specific neural systems will demonstrate relationships to external variables. Four paradigms adapted from Social Neuroscience were administered to 173 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia to determine their relationships to functionally meaningful variables and to investigate their incremental validity beyond standard measures of Social and nonSocial cognition. The 4 paradigms included 2 that assess perception of nonverbal Social and action cues (basic biological motion and emotion in biological motion) and 2 that involve higher level inferences about self and others’ mental states (self- referential memory and empathic accuracy). Overall, Social Neuroscience paradigms showed significant relationships to functional capacity but weak relationships to community functioning; the paradigms also showed weak correlations to clinical symptoms. Evidence for incremental validity beyond standard measures of Social and nonSocial cognition was mixed with additional predictive power shown for functional capacity but not community functioning. Of the newly adapted paradigms, the empathic accuracy task had the broadest external validity. These results underscore the difficulty of translating developments from Neuroscience into clinically useful tasks with functional significance.
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Going From Social Neuroscience to Schizophrenia Clinical Trials
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Michael F Green, David L PennAbstract:The goals of the project Social Cognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia (SCAF) were to (1) identify the domains to target from Social Neuroscience for translation to clinical schizophrenia research, (2) identify the paradigms that represent these domains for which the neural substrates are well documented, (3) adapt these paradigms for use in schizophrenia clinical trials, (4) assess the psychometric properties of these measures, and (5) assess the external validity of these measures. The articles in this theme section present the initial findings from the SCAF project. As more training and psychopharmacological studies evaluate interventions for Social cognition, the articles in this theme section are intended to serve as a guide for informed design decisions about possible endpoints in clinical trials.
Kevin N Ochsner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adapting Social Neuroscience measures for schizophrenia clinical trials part 3 fathoming external validity
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Charles M Olbert, David L Penn, Robert S Kern, Junghee Lee, William P Horan, Steven P Reise, Kevin N Ochsner, Stephen R Marder, Michael F GreenAbstract:It is unknown whether measures adapted from Social Neuroscience linked to specific neural systems will demonstrate relationships to external variables. Four paradigms adapted from Social Neuroscience were administered to 173 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia to determine their relationships to functionally meaningful variables and to investigate their incremental validity beyond standard measures of Social and nonSocial cognition. The 4 paradigms included 2 that assess perception of nonverbal Social and action cues (basic biological motion and emotion in biological motion) and 2 that involve higher level inferences about self and others’ mental states (self- referential memory and empathic accuracy). Overall, Social Neuroscience paradigms showed significant relationships to functional capacity but weak relationships to community functioning; the paradigms also showed weak correlations to clinical symptoms. Evidence for incremental validity beyond standard measures of Social and nonSocial cognition was mixed with additional predictive power shown for functional capacity but not community functioning. Of the newly adapted paradigms, the empathic accuracy task had the broadest external validity. These results underscore the difficulty of translating developments from Neuroscience into clinically useful tasks with functional significance.
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adapting Social Neuroscience measures for schizophrenia clinical trials part 1 ferrying paradigms across perilous waters
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Michael F Green, Junghee Lee, Kevin N OchsnerAbstract:Social cognitive impairment is prominent in schizophrenia, and it is closely related to functional outcome. Partly for these reasons, it has rapidly become a target for both training and psychopharmacological interventions. However, there is a paucity of reliable and valid Social cognitive endpoints that can be used to evaluate treatment response in clinical trials. Also, clinical studies in schizophrenia have benefited rather little from the surge of activity and knowledge in nonclinical Social Neuroscience. The National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored study, “Social Cognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia” (SCAF), attempted to address this translational challenge by selecting paradigms from Social Neuroscience that could be adapted for use in schizophrenia. The project also evaluated the psychometric properties and external validity of the tasks to determine their suitability for multisite clinical trials. This first article in the theme section presents the goals, conceptual background, and rationale for the SCAF project.
Facundo Manes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social Neuroscience undoing the schism between neurology and psychiatry
Social Neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Agustin Ibanez, Adolfo M Garcia, Sol Esteves, Adrian Yoris, Edinson Munoz, Lucila Reynaldo, Marcos Pietto, Federico Adolfi, Facundo ManesAbstract:ABSTRACTMultiple disorders once jointly conceived as “nervous diseases” became segregated by the distinct institutional traditions forged in neurology and psychiatry. As a result, each field specialized in the study and treatment of a subset of such conditions. Here we propose new avenues for interdisciplinary interaction through a triangulation of both fields with Social Neuroscience. To this end, we review evidence from five relevant domains (facial emotion recognition, empathy, theory of mind, moral cognition, and Social context assessment), highlighting their common disturbances across neurological and psychiatric conditions and discussing their multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Our proposal is anchored in multidimensional evidence, including behavioral, neurocognitive, and genetic findings. From a clinical perspective, this work paves the way for dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches, new pharmacological treatments, and educational innovations rooted in a combined neuropsychiatric training...
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bridging psychiatry and neurology through Social Neuroscience
Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Agustin Ibanez, Rodrigo O Kuljis, Diana Matallana, Facundo ManesAbstract:Social Neuroscience launched a novel multilevel (neural, hormonal, molecular and genetic) explanation of Social cognition in psychiatry. In particular, the use of different levels of scientific inquiry assessing a) behavioral Social cognition sensitivity to psychiatric impairment, b) neural networks engaged in Social behaviors, c) the genetic underpinning of Social phenomena, and d) the influence of the Social environment on biological processes, have been outstandingly addressed by Cacioppo et al's paper 1. Neuroscientific progress suggests that the separation between psychiatry and neurology is counterproductive. Classical neurological conditions present a range of Social cognition impairments that are often underrecognized and frequently undertreated. Social Neuroscience has made important progress in elucidating the neurobiology of the Social brain, but has not focused sufficiently on neurological disorders. Here we consider the implications of Social Neuroscience research for a specific neuropsychiatric condition, the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Moreover, we highlight the importance of Social Neuroscience for the cross-talk among psychiatry and neurology. BvFTD is a neurodegenerative disease whose initial symptoms are often confused with several psychiatric conditions. It is characterized by early decline in Social interpersonal behavior, personality changes, and progressive deterioration in Social functioning 2. Conventional neuropsychological assessment as well as clinical routine neuroimaging have been not been very useful for early diagnosis 2. The Social Neuroscience approach has raised new opportunities for research and translational applications in bvFTD. First, Social cognition assessment in bvFTD has allowed the detection of early and subtle behavioral impairments, appearing even before imaging signatures of brain atrophy, or a clear decline in formal cognitive status 3. In particular, Social cognition tasks that resemble everyday behavior seem to be a far more adequate assessment for this purpose 4. Social cognition assessment may soon become part of the clinical screening for bvFTD. Second, it has been proposed that models of Social cognition associated with a degeneration of the fronto-insulo-temporal (Social context network model) or fronto-insular (salience network) regions may explain the myriad of bvFTD Social cognition impairments 2. For instance, Von Economo neurons are large spindle-shaped cells, abundant in the insular and anterior cingulate cortex. Among primates, these neurons have evolved only in hominids, and seem to be particularly vulnerable in neuropsychiatric conditions resulting in Social cognition impairments. In bvFTD, a specific loss of these neurons within fronto-temporo-insular atrophy, at early stages, has been associated clinically with changes in empathy, Social awareness, and other Social cognition domains 5. Third, an important genetic component of bvFTD has been related with Social cognition impairment. There are three main genes for bvFTD: MAPT, GRN, and C9ORF72. Patients with C9ORF72 mutations exhibit widespread frontotemporal atrophy, associated with psychiatric presentations as well as with Social neglect 6. In a similar way, animal models and clinical studies of GRN have shown early Social and emotional changes, without gross impairment in overall health 6. Fourth, the potential role of the Social world, and its interaction with brain changes in bvFTD, deserves consideration. For instance, feeling lonely is associated with increased risk for dementia 7 and with a wish to hasten death in FTD 8. An inter-level Social Neuroscience approach combining the study of Social behavior, neural networks, genetic influences, and the interactions between Social behaviors and Social cognition would help to provide a more in-depth understanding of bvFTD, as well as of the overlaps of this disorder with the symptomatology and Social cognition impairments of several psychiatric conditions 9. A new form of cross-talk between psychiatry and neurology may thus be developed in the Social Neuroscience arena, spearheaded by work on bvFTD as perhaps the clearest example of the bridges between the two disciplines. Stimulating this cross-talk between neurological and psychiatric research seems to be one of the most promising roles for Social Neuroscience. Several neurological conditions with mental health manifestations (e.g., neurodegenerative conditions, prosopagnosia, tuberous sclerosis, and Angelman, Heller, Prader-Willi, Williams, Turner and Klinefelter syndromes) present impaired Social functioning 10. Here, we have highlighted the multilevel Social Neuroscience approach to bvFTD, but the understanding of several other neurological conditions could benefit from this approach. Many Social cognition domains (Social emotions, decision making, theory of mind, empathy, moral cognition, and Social norms) may be impacted differentially in various psychiatric and neurological conditions, and the differences in such parameters could be built into technologies for diagnosis and measurement of treatment efficacy. Psychiatrists and neurologists within this novel Social Neuroscience approach may be able to contribute a powerful multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach 11, that would be both clinically and theoretically relevant to major advances in contemporary neuropsychiatry.
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The emerging impact of Social Neuroscience on neuropsychiatry and clinical Neuroscience.
Social neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Mario F. Mendez, Facundo ManesAbstract:Social Neuroscience has made great strides toward clarifying the neural basis of brain–behavior relationships. In the last 25 years, Social Neuroscience has made contributions to many fields, including cognitive Neuroscience, Social psychology, ethology, economics, and even philosophy. The field has spawned a highly productive collaboration between investigators in these areas, many of whom have profited from the great leap forward in functional neuroimaging. It is now time for Social Neuroscience to make similar contributions to neuropsychiatry. Social behavior is integral to all brain–behavior disorders. Neuropsychiatry, and an understanding of the topics in this special issue, depend upon the basic neural correlates of Social behavior. It begins with Social perception, or the ability to detect the presence of another mental agent, including the critical roles of face recognition and the fusiform face area (Kanwisher & Yovel, 2006), and the superior temporal gyrus or sulcus (STG/STS) for observed biological motion. Mechanisms for Social simulation of not only others’ movements but also their intentions and emotions have emerged in conjunction with discoveries in a mirrorneuron system. Areas of socioemotional significance include the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior temporal cortex, and, especially pertinent to the articles in this issue, the amygdala, which plays a role in emotional salience and significance. Our brains are primed for thinking about the minds of others. Making inferences about others’ mental states, or theory of mind (ToM), produces increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and medial parietal cortex (Frith & Frith, 2006). In this special edition, we view neuropsychiatry in the context of these advances in Social Neuroscience. Nearly every neuropsychiatric illness involves Social behavioral disturbances (Adolphs, 2010), and much of the promise and justification for the investment in this burgeoning field is its possible clinical implications. To what extent do neuropsychiatric illnesses result from neural impairments in Social perception, Social simulation and the appreciation of Social salience, mental state attribution, or disturbances in Social regulation? Psychiatric illness may be a continuum with variability in the healthy population, as reflected in one article in this issue. Finally, understanding the Social neurocognitive source of symptoms such as suspiciousness and apathy can be a step toward the development of therapies for these disorders.
John T. Cacioppo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social Neuroscience of the Twenty-First Century
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Necka, Stephanie Cacioppo, John T. CacioppoAbstract:Social species are so characterized because they form organizations that extend beyond the individual. The goal of Social Neuroscience is to investigate the biological mechanisms that underlie these Social structures, processes, and behaviors and the influences between Social and neural structures and processes. Such an endeavor is challenging because it necessitates the integration of multiple levels. Mapping across systems and levels (from genome to Social groups and cultures) requires interdisciplinary expertise, comparative studies, innovative methods, and integrative conceptual analysis.
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Social Neuroscience and its potential contribution to psychiatry
Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 2014Co-Authors: John T. Cacioppo, Stephanie Cacioppo, Stephanie C Dulawa, Abraham A PalmerAbstract:Most mental disorders involve disruptions of normal Social behavior. Social Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding the biological systems underlying Social processes and behavior, and the influence of the Social environment on biological processes, health and well-being. Research in this field has grown dramatically in recent years. Active areas of research include brain imaging studies in normal children and adults, animal models of Social behavior, studies of stroke patients, imaging studies of psychiatric patients, and research on Social determinants of peripheral neural, neuroendocrine and immunological processes. Although research in these areas is proceeding along largely independent trajectories, there is increasing evidence for connections across these trajectories. We focus here on the progress and potential of Social Neuroscience in psychiatry, including illustrative evidence for a rapid growth of neuroimaging and genetic studies of mental disorders. We also argue that neuroimaging and genetic research focused on specific component processes underlying Social living is needed.
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Social Neuroscience and Social genomics: the emergence of multi-level integrative analyses
International Journal of Psychological Research, 2013Co-Authors: John T. Cacioppo, Stephanie Cacioppo, Steven W. ColeAbstract:Social Neuroscience emerged more than 20 years ago and has grown into a mature interdisciplinary scientific field. Research now provides compelling evidence that the structure and function of the nervous system are influenced by the Social environment. Recent work in Social genomics further underscores the importance of the Social environment by demonstrating the influence of the Social environment on gene expression. The multi-level, interdisciplinary approach and the integration of animal models and human research in Social Neuroscience have proven synergistic and promise continued advances in the delineation of the Social brain across species and generations.
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Social Neuroscience: The Social brain, oxytocin, and health
Social neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Greg J. Norman, Louise C. Hawkley, Steve W. Cole, Gary G. Berntson, John T. CacioppoAbstract:Complex Social behaviors allow various Social organisms to create emergent organizations that extend beyond the individual. Social Neuroscience is a burgeoning field that strives to understand the genetic, hormonal, and neural mechanisms responsible for these Social structures and behaviors. Consequently, Social Neuroscience is highly interdisciplinary in nature and embraces the application of methods ranging from the molecular to the molar to investigate the reciprocal interactions between biological, cognitive, and Social levels of analysis. The broad scope of such an endeavor introduces particular challenges associated with the integration of multiple levels of analysis. In the present mini-review, we highlight some recent findings in the field of Social Neuroscience and demonstrate the potential benefits of applying multilevel integrative analysis to the study of Social behavior and its influence on physiology and health.
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Social Neuroscience: challenges and opportunities in the study of complex behavior
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: John T. Cacioppo, Jean DecetyAbstract:Social species are so characterized because they form organizations that extend beyond the individual. The goal of Social Neuroscience is to investigate the biological mechanisms that underlie these Social structures, processes, and behavior and the influences between Social and neural structures and processes. Such an endeavor is challenging because it necessitates the integration of multiple levels. Mapping across systems and levels (from genome to Social groups and cultures) requires interdisciplinary expertise, comparative studies, innovative methods, and integrative conceptual analysis. Examples of how Social Neuroscience is contributing to our understanding of the functions of the brain and nervous system are described, and societal implications of Social Neuroscience are considered.