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Marjorie Rhodes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • how does Social essentialism affect the development of inter group relations
    Developmental Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Marjorie Rhodes, Sarahjane Leslie, Katya Saunders, Yarrow Dunham, Andrei Cimpian
    Abstract:

    Psychological essentialism is a pervasive conceptual bias to view categories as reflecting something deep, stable, and informative about their members. Scholars from diverse disciplines have long theorized that psychological essentialism has negative ramifications for inter-group relations, yet little previous empirical work has experimentally tested the Social implications of essentialist beliefs. Three studies (N = 127, ages 4.5-6) found that experimentally inducing essentialist beliefs about a novel Social category led children to share fewer resources with category members, but did not lead to the out-group dislike that defines Social Prejudice. These findings indicate that essentialism negatively influences some key components of inter-group relations, but does not lead directly to the development of Prejudice.

  • the development and developmental consequences of Social essentialism
    Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Marjorie Rhodes, Tara M. Mandalaywala
    Abstract:

    People often view certain ways of classifying people (e.g., by gender, race, or ethnicity) as reflecting real distinctions found in nature. Such categories are viewed as marking meaningful, fundamental, and informative differences between distinct kinds of people. This article examines the development of these essentialist intuitive theories of how the Social world is structured, along with the developmental consequences of these beliefs. We first examine the processes that give rise to Social essentialism, arguing that essentialism emerges as children actively attempt to make sense of their environment by relying on several basic representational and explanatory biases. These developmental processes give rise to the widespread emergence of Social essentialist views in early childhood, but allow for vast variability across development and cultural contexts in the precise nature of these beliefs. We then examine what is known and still to be discovered about the implications of essentialism for stereotyping, inter-group interaction, and the development of Social Prejudice. We conclude with directions for future research, particularly on the theoretical payoff that could be gained by including more diverse samples of children in future developmental investigations. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1437. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1437 This article is categorized under: Psychology > Development and Aging Philosophy > Knowledge and Belief.

Andrei Cimpian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • how does Social essentialism affect the development of inter group relations
    Developmental Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Marjorie Rhodes, Sarahjane Leslie, Katya Saunders, Yarrow Dunham, Andrei Cimpian
    Abstract:

    Psychological essentialism is a pervasive conceptual bias to view categories as reflecting something deep, stable, and informative about their members. Scholars from diverse disciplines have long theorized that psychological essentialism has negative ramifications for inter-group relations, yet little previous empirical work has experimentally tested the Social implications of essentialist beliefs. Three studies (N = 127, ages 4.5-6) found that experimentally inducing essentialist beliefs about a novel Social category led children to share fewer resources with category members, but did not lead to the out-group dislike that defines Social Prejudice. These findings indicate that essentialism negatively influences some key components of inter-group relations, but does not lead directly to the development of Prejudice.

Hyunsuk Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • understanding the perspectives and experiences of employed older people on active ageing in their later working life biographical narrative approach
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
    Co-Authors: Yonglim You, Hyunsuk Lee
    Abstract:

    This thesis aims to understand the perspectives and experiences of older people regarding the concept of active ageing in their later working life with biographical narratives. This research adopted a biographical narrative interview for data collection. A total of 15 employed older people were interviewed by the researcher. The collected data were analysed using the biographical narrative analysis of Schutze (1983). The research findings are the following: in the first theme, the driving force to enable older people to choose active ageing in the workplace was their confidence in their work ability to include a challenging attitude at work. In the second theme, another driving force to enable older people to participate in economic activity that was considered was the individual workability of active older workers, including health rather than their chronological ageing in the labour market. However, in the third theme, research participants believed that the barrier of active ageing is a negative Social Prejudice on the working ability of older people. From this point of view, the research participants suggested that negative Social Prejudice for older workers should be overcome by active ageing experiences in age-friendly working environments as the fourth theme.

Fernandes P.t. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Epilepsy Stigma: What Do We Know And Where Next?
    'Elsevier BV', 2015
    Co-Authors: Fernandes P.t., Snape D.a., Beran R.g., Jacoby A.
    Abstract:

    Stigma is a major issue for people who develop epilepsy. Reducing stigma is a major focus of activity for the epilepsy patient support groups globally. In this paper, we introduce some key ideas and debates about the nature of and drivers for the stigma of epilepsy, including recent arguments about the need to frame analyses of the nature of epilepsy stigma within sociological debates about conflict and power. We then consider the role of the legislative process for redressing power imbalances that promote or maintain epilepsy stigma; and the value of tailored educational campaigns and programmes directed at stigma reduction. Finally, we consider the nature of 'difference' as experienced by people with epilepsy and how that difference translates into stigma; and provide evidence from a specific targeted intervention to combat epilepsy stigma that its reduction is an achievable goal. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.2215562(2001) Global Campaign Against Epilepsy. Out of the shadows: an introduction to the global campaign and its demonstration projects, , http://www.WHO.int, GCAE, Heemstede, Also accessible at:Goffman, E., (1963) Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity, , Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJTemkin, O., (1971) The falling sickness, , John Hopkins Press, BaltimoreCrocker, J., Major, B., Steele, C., Social stigma (1998) The handbook of Social psychology, pp. 504-553. , McGraw-Hill, Boston, D.T. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, L. Gardner (Eds.)Reidpath, D.D., Chan, K.Y., Gifford, S.M., 'He hath the 'French pox': stigma, Social value, and Social exclusion (2005) Sociol Health Illn, 27, pp. 468-489Bagley, C., Social Prejudice and the adjustment of people with epilepsy (1972) Epilepsia, 13, pp. 33-45Scambler, G., (1989) Epilepsy, , Tavistock Press, LondonJones, E.E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A.H., (1984) Social stigma: the psychology of marked relationships, , Freeman, New YorkFadiman, A., (1998) The spirit catches you and you fall down: a Hmong child, her American doctors and the collision of two cultures, , Farrar Straus & Giroux, New YorkIsmail, H., Wright, J., Rhodes, P., Small, N., Jacoby, A., South Asians and epilepsy: exploring health experiences, needs and beliefs of communities in the north of England (2005) Seizure, 14, pp. 497-503Allotey, J., Reidpath, D., Epilepsy, culture, identity and well-being: a study of the Social, cultural and environmental context of epilepsy in Cameroon (2007) J Health Psychol, 12, pp. 431-443Winkler, A.S., Mayer, M., Schnaitmann, S., Belief systems of epilepsy and attitudes toward people living with epilepsy in a rural community of northern Tanzania (2010) Epilepsy Behav, 19, pp. 596-601Kleinman, A., Wang, W., Li, S., The Social course of epilepsy: chronic illness as Social experience in interior China (1995) Soc Sci Med, 40, pp. 1319-1330Austin, J.K., Shafer, P.O., Deering, J.B., Epilepsy familiarity, knowledge and perceptions of stigma: report from a survey of adolescents in the general population (2002) Epilepsy Behav, 3, pp. 368-375Novotna, I., Rektor, I., The trend in public attitudes in the Czech Republic towards persons with epilepsy (2002) Eur J Neurol, 9, pp. 535-540Beran, R.G., Frith, J., Harris, M., Practices and perspectives of Australian general practitioners pertaining to epilepsy after a decade of intervention (1992) Seizure, 1, p. 13Shehata, G.A., Mahran, D.G., Knowledge, attitude and practice with respoct to epilepsy among school teachers in Assuit city, Egypt (2010) Epilepsy Res, 92, pp. 192-200Reis, R., Epilepsy and self-identity among the Dutch (2001) Med Anthropol, 19, pp. 355-382Jacoby, A., Gorry, J., Gamble, C., Baker, G., Public knowledge, private grief: a study of public attitudes to epilepsy in the UK and implications for stigma (2004) Epilepsia, 45, pp. 1405-1415Kleinman, A., Local worlds of suffering: an interpersonal focus for ethnographies of illness experience (1992) Qual Health Res, 2, pp. 127-134Jacoby, A., Wang, W., Dang Vu, T., Meanings of epilepsy in its sociocultural context and implications for stigma: findings from ethnographic studies in local communities in China and Vietnam (2008) Epilepsy Behav, 12, pp. 286-297Yang, R.R., Snape, D., Wang, W.Z., Stigma of people with epilepsy in China: views of health professionals, teachers, employers and community leaders (2011) Epilepsy Behav, 21, pp. 261-266Scambler, G., Hopkins, A., Being epileptic: coming to terms with stigma (1986) Sociol Health Illn, 8, pp. 26-43Jacoby, A., Felt versus enacted stigma: a concept revisited (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 269-274Baker, G.A., Jacoby, A., Buck, D., Stalgis, C., Monnet, D., Quality of life of people with epilepsy: a European study (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 353-362Baker, G.A., Brooks, J., Buck, D., The stigma of epilepsy: a European perspective (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 98-104Baker, G.A., Jacoby, T., Gorry, T., Doughty, J., Ellina, V., Quality of life of people with epilepsy in Iran, the Gulf, and Near East (2005) Epilepsia, 46, pp. 132-140Ratsepp, M., Oun, A., Haldre, S., Felt stigma and impact of epilepsy on employment status among Estonian people: exploratory study (2000) Seizure, 9, pp. 394-401Finch, B., Finch, B., Kolody, B., Vega, W., Perceived discrimination and depression among Mexican-origin adults in California (2000) J Health Soc Behav, 41, pp. 295-313Harrell, S., A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: implications for the well-being of people of color (2000) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 70, pp. 42-57Arnston, P., Drodge, D., Norton, R., The perceived psychoSocial consequences of having epilepsy (1986) Psychopathology in epilepsy: Social dimensions, pp. 143-161. , Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, S. Whitman, B. Hermann (Eds.)Hermann, B.P., Whitman, S., Wyler, A.R., Anton, M.T., Vanderzwagg, R., PsychoSocial predictors of psychopathology in epilepsy (1990) Br J Psychiatr, 156, pp. 98-105Smith, G., Ferguson, P.L., Saunders, L.L., PsychoSocial factors associated with stigma in adults with epilepsy (2009) Epilepsy Behav, 16, pp. 484-490Whatley, A.D., DiIorio, C.K., Yeager, K., Examining the relationships of depressive symptoms, stigma, Social support and regimen-specific support on QOL in adult patients with epilepsy (2010) Health Educ Res, 25, pp. 575-584Jacoby, A., Gorry, J., Baker, G.A., Employers' attitudes to employment of people with epilepsy: still the same old story? (2005) Epilepsia, 46, pp. 1978-1987Gade, E., Toutges, G., Employers' attitudes to hiring epileptics: implications for job placement (1983) Rehabil Couns Bull, pp. 353-356Roessler Sumner Roessler, R.T., Sumner, G., Employer opinions about accommodating employees with chronic illnesses (1997) J Appl Rehabil Couns, 28, pp. 29-34Lee, P., Has disability discrimination legislation changed the legal framework for epilepsy in the United Kingdom? (2010) Seizure, 19, pp. 619-622Robson, C., (2006), Examining the Social stigma of epilepsy: a qualitative analysis of attitudes, perceptions and understanding towards epilepsy and people with epilepsy among young adults in the undergraduate population. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Health Sciences, University of York;Reis, R., Meinardi, H., Stigma: does the flag identify the cargo? (2002) Epilepsy Behav, 3, pp. S33-S37Link, B.G., Understanding labelling effects in the area of mental-disorders: an assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection (1987) Am Sociol Rev, 52, pp. 96-112Kai, J., Crossland, A., Perspectives of people with enduring mental ill health from a community-based qualitative study (2001) Br J Gen Pract, 51, pp. 730-736Scambler, G., Re-framing stigma: felt and enacted stigma and challenges to the sociology of chronic and disabling conditions (2004) Soc Theory Health, 2, pp. 29-46Anspach, R.R., From stigma to identity politics: political activism among the physically disabled and former mental patients (1979) Soc Sci Med, 13 A, pp. 765-773De Boer, H.M., Out of the shadows: a global campaign against epilepsy (2002) Epilepsia, 43 (SUPPL. 6), pp. 7-8Dell, J.L., Social dimensions of epilepsy: stigma and response (1986) Psychopathology in epilepsy: Social dimensions, pp. 185-210. , Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, S. Whitman, B. Hermann (Eds.)Muhlbauer, S., Experience of stigma by families with mentally ill members (2002) J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 8, pp. 76-83(2006) Neurological disorders: public health challenges, , WHO, GenevaPaschal, A.M., Hawley, S.R., St.Romain, T., Epilepsy patients' perceptions about stigma, education and awareness: preliminary responses based on a community participatory approach (2007) Epilepsy Behav, 11, pp. 329-337Jilek-Aall, L., Jilek, M., Kaaya, J., Mkombachepa, L., Hillary, K., PsychoSocial study of epilepsy in Africa (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 783-795Editorial (2004) Epilepsy Behav, 5, pp. 275-276. , The Epilepsy FoundationDemissie, M., Getahun, H., Lindtørn, B., Community tuberculosis care through "TB clubs" in rural North Ethiopia (2003) Soc Sci Med, 56, pp. 2009-2018Krishnatray, P.K., Melkote, S.R., Public communication campaigns in the destigmatization of leprosy: a comparative analysis of diffusion and participatory approaches. A case study in Gwalior, India (1998) J Health Commun, 3, pp. 327-344Brown, L., Macintyre, K., Trujillo, L., Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: what have we learned? (2003) AIDS Educ Prev, 15, pp. 49-69Stuart, H., Stigmatisation: lessons from the program aimed at its reduction (2003) Ment Health Quebec, p. 28Brown, L., Trujillo, L., Macintyre, K., (2001) Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: what have we learned?, , Horizons Program, Shreveport, LAVan der Meij, S., The fight against stigma: stigma reduction strategies and interventions (2004) Paper prepared for the 1st Stigma Consortium meetingSoesterbergSchneider, J.W., Conrad, P., (1983) Having epilepsy: the experience and control of illness, , Temple Univ. Press, PhiladelphiaSander, J.W.A.S., Sillanpaa, M., Natural history and prognosis (1997) Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook, pp. 69-86. , Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, J. Engel, T.A. Pedley (Eds.)Polkinghorne, D.E., Narrative configuration in qualitative analysis (1995) Life history and narrative, pp. 5-23. , Falmer Press, London, J.A. Hatch, R. Wisniewski (Eds.)Mishler, E.G., (1986) Research interviewing context and narrative, , Harvard Univ. Press, LondonBruner, J., (1990) Acts of meaning: four lectures on mind and culture, , Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MAKleinman, A., Experience and its moral modes (1999) Tanner lectures on human values, pp. 357-420. , Univ. of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, G. Peterson (Ed.)Becker, G., (1999) Disrupted lives: how people create meaning in a chaotic world, , Univ. of California Press, Los Angeles/LondonBury, M.R., Chronic illness as biographical disruption (1982) Sociol Health Illn, 4, pp. 167-182Garro, L.C., Narrative representations of chronic illness experience: cultural models of illness, mind and body in stories concerning the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 775-788Kleinmann, A., (1988) The illness narratives: suffering, healing and the human condition, , Basic Books, New YorkWilliams, G., The genesis of chronic illness: narrative reconstruction (1984) Sociol Health Illn, 6, pp. 175-200Faircloth, C.A., Epilepsies, identities and difference: horizons of meaning for individuals with an epilepsy (1998) Qual Health Res, 8, pp. 602-617Faircloth, C.A., Revisiting themetisation in the narrative study of epilepsy (1999) Sociol Health Illn, 21, pp. 209-227Good, B.J., Good, M., In the subjunctive mode: epilepsy narratives in Turkey (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 835-842Nijhof, G., Heterogeneity in the interpretation of epilepsy (1998) Qual Health Res, 8, pp. 95-105Mishler, E.G., The analysis of interview narratives (1986) Narrative psychology: the storied nature of human conduct, pp. 233-255. , Praeger, New York, T.R. Sarbin (Ed.)Riessman, C.K., (1993) Narrative analysis, , Sage, Newbury Park, CAPolkinghorne, D.E., (1988) Narrative knowing and the human sciences, , State Univ. Press of New York, AlbanyYang, L.H., Kleinman, A., Link, B.G., Phelan, J.C., Lee, S., Good, B., Culture and stigma: adding moral experience to stigma theory (2007) Soc Sci Med, 64, pp. 1524-1535Fernandes, P.T., De Barros, N.F., Li, L.M., Stop saying epileptic (2009) Epilepsia, 50, pp. 1280-1283Fernandes, P.T., Noronha, A.L.A., Sander, J.W.A.S., Li, L.M., Stigma scale of epilepsy: the perception of epilepsy stigma in different cities in Brazil (2008) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 66, pp. 471-476Fernandes, P.T., Salgado, P.C.B., Noronha, A.L.A., Epilepsy stigma perception in an urban area of a limited resource country (2007) Epilepsy Behav, 11, pp. 25-32Fernandes, P.T., Salgado, P.C.B., Noronha, A.L.A., Barbosa, F.D., Souza, E.A.P., Li, L.M., Prejudice towards chronic diseases: comparison among AIDS, diabetes and epilepsy (2007) Seizure, 16, pp. 320-323Li, L.M., Fernandes, P.T., Noronha, A.L.A., Demonstration Project on Epilepsy in Brazil: situation assessment (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 5-13Fernandes, P.T., Noronha, A.L.A., Sander, J.W.A.S., Bell, G.S., Li, L.M., Training the trainers and disseminating information: a strategy to educate health professionals on epilepsy (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 14-22Noronha, A.L.A., Fernandes, P.T., Andrade, M.G.G., Santiago, S.M., Sander, J.W.A.S., Li, L.M., Training medical students to improve the management of people with epilepsy (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 23-27Fernandes, P.T., Noronha, A.L.A., Araujo, U., Teachers perception about epilepsy (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 28-34Fernandes, P.T., Salgado, P.C.B., Noronha, A.L.A., Sander, J.W.A.S., Li, L.M., Stigma Scale of Epilepsy: validation process (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 35-42Caixeta, J., Fernandes, P.T., Bell, G.S., Sander, J.W.A.S., Li, L.M., Epilepsy perception among university students: a survey (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 43-48Reno, B.A., Fernandes, P.T., Bell, G.S., Sander, J.W.A.S., Li, L.M., Stigma and attitudes on epilepsy: a study with secondary school students (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, pp. 49-54Fernandes, P.T., Noronha, A.L.A., Sander, J.W.A.S., Li, L.M., National epilepsy movement in Brazil (2007) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 65, p. 57Fernandes, P.T., Salgado, P.C.B., Noronha, A.L.A., Barbosa, F.D., Souza, E.A.P., Li, L.M., Prejudice towards chronic diseases: comparison among AIDS, diabetes and epilepsy (2007) Seizure, 16, pp. 320-323Fernandes, P.T., Li, L.M., Percepção de estigma na epilepsia (2006) J Epilepsy Clin Neurophysiol, 12, pp. 207-218Fernandes, P.T., Cabral, P., Araujo, U., Noronha, A.L., Li, L.M., Kids' perception about epilepsy (2005) Epilepsy Behav, 6, pp. 601-603Salgado, P.C.B., Fernandes, P.T., Noronha, A.L.A., Doretto, F., Souza, E.A.P., Li, L.M., The second step in the construction of a stigma scale of epilepsy (2005) Arq Neuro Psiquiatr, 63, pp. 395-39

  • Perception Epilepsy' Stigma [percepção De Estigma Na Epilepsia]
    2015
    Co-Authors: Fernandes P.t., Li M.l.
    Abstract:

    Introduction: People with epilepsy often need to deal with the stigma, usually worse than the epilepsy itself. In general, epilepsy is a condition that affects the behavior and the quality of life, not only for the person with epilepsy, but also for the entire family, especially because of stigma. For this reason, we can say that epilepsy has an bio-psycho-Social impact on the people's life. Paradoxically, this facet of epilepsy is not often studied, especially in resource-poor countries, as Brazil, where superstitions, negative attitudes and lack of knowledge impair the relation between the community and people with epilepsy. Purpose: This article has the objective to introduce important aspects of stigma in epilepsy: conceptualization and models of stigma in the medical and Social area; stigma and quality of life; neurobiological aspects and strategies to deal with it. Conclusions: This paper provides an overview of the stigma, including its different aspects. Stigma is a multifactorial concept and for this reason, to combat stigma it requires a broad intervention, involving medical, psychological and Social areas. The understanding of the process of stigma contributes to a change of the Social interpretation of the epilepsy, in a direction of a construction of a society more tolerant, where the differences are respected.124207218Opala, J., Boillot, F., Leprosy among the Limba: Illness and healing in the context of world view (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42 (1), pp. 3-19Fife, B.L., Wright, E.R., The dimensionality of stigma: A comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer (2000) J Health Soc Behav, 41 (1), pp. 50-67Link, B.G., Stigma and its public health implications (2001) Stigma and global health: Developing a research agendaCorrigan, P.W., Penn, D.L., Lessons from Social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma (1999) Am Psychol, 54 (9), pp. 765-776DiIorio, C., Osborne, S.P., Letz, R., Henry, T., Schomer, D.L., Yeager, K., The association of stigma with self-management and perceptions of health care among adults with epilepsy (2003) Epilepsy Behav, 4 (3), pp. 259-267Rusch, N., Angermeyer, M.A., Corrigan, P.W., Mental illness stigma: Concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma (2005) European Psychiatry, 20, pp. 529-539Suurmeijer, T.P., Reuvekamp, M.F., Aldenkamp, B.P., Social functioning, psychological functioning, and quality of life in epilepsy (2001) Epilepsia, 42 (9), pp. 1160-1168Fisher, R.S., Epilepsy from the Patient's Perspective: Review of Results of a Community-Based Survey (2000) Epilepsy Behav, 1 (4), pp. S9-S14Scambler, G., Hopkins, A., Generating a model of epileptic stigma: The role of qualitative analysis (1990) Soc Sci Med, 30 (11), pp. 1187-1194Baumann, R.J., Wilson, J.F., Wiese, H.J., Kentuckians' attitudes toward children with epilepsy (1995) Epilepsia, 36 (10), pp. 1003-1008Dicionário, F.A.B.H., Aurélio da Língua Portuguesa (1993) Rio de Janeiro: Editora, , Nova Fronteira;Associação de, A.D.E.P., (2004) Apoio aos doentes depressivos e bipolares, , www.admd.pt, Electronic CitationBallone, G.J., Relatório sobre a saúde no mundo (2001) OPAS-OMS-ONU, editor, , www.psiqueweb.med.br/acad/oms1.html, Electronic CitationAblon J. 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New York: Free Press1963Jones, E., Farina, A., Hastof, A., Markus, H., Miller, D.T., Scott, R.A., (1984) Social Stigma: The psychology of marked relationships, , New York: Freeman and Company;Sttaford, M.C., Scott, R.R., Stigma deviance and Social control: Some conceptual issues (1986) The Dilemma of Difference, , Ainlay SC, Becker G, Coleman LM, editors, New York: Plenum;Crocker, J., Major, B., Steele, C., Social Stigma (1998) The handbook of Social Psychology, pp. 504-553. , Gilbert DT, Fiske ST, editors, Boston: Mc Graw Hill;Reingold, A.L., The study of stimatizing conditions: An epidemiologic perspective (2001) Stigma and Global Health: Developing a research agenda, , AbstractRyan, R., Kempner, K., Emlen, A.C., The stigma of epilepsy as a self-concept (1980) Epilepsia, 21 (4), pp. 433-444Jacoby A. Stigma, epilepsy, and quality of life. 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  • “Femininity? It’s the Aesthetic of Subordination”: Examining Femmephobia, the Gender Binary, and Experiences of Oppression Among Sexual and Gender Minorities
    Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2020
    Co-Authors: Rhea Ashley Hoskin
    Abstract:

    The devaluing of femininity is a Social problem with serious consequences. Violence against women, men, transgender people, and racial minorities is often exacerbated when elements of femmephobia are present. Femmephobia refers to the devaluation and regulation of femininity and suggests a separate, perhaps overlapping, phenomenon specific to gender (e.g., femininity), rather than gender/sex (e.g., woman) or sex (e.g., female). Yet, despite growing evidence warranting the consideration of femmephobia, little research has considered femininity as an intersectional axis. Femmephobia has been examined in a fractured manner, isolating its various manifestations in specific, rather than overarching ways. The current paper explored how these systems are interrelated and argues that sources of oppression underlying many forms of violence today (e.g., anti-LGBTQ+ hate crimes, Incel attacks, sexual violence, transgender murders) are all symptoms of the same underlying Social Prejudice: femmephobia. While sexism, transphobia, homophobia, and racism also play a role, previous research tends to overlook or conflate the role of femmephobia in fueling Prejudice and violence. Using in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the current paper explored the intersecting role of femmephobia in experiences of oppression among sexual and gender minorities ( N  = 38). Two thematic networks are presented. The first network pertains to masculine themes: masculine privilege, masculinity as protective, and masculinity as the norm. The second network pertains to femininity: feminine inferiority, femininity as target, and femininity as inauthentic. The connection between these two thematic networks illustrates the symbiotic relationship between femmephobia and the gender binary. Finally, patterns identified from the thematic analysis were used to generate a model of femmephobia. This paper suggests that the gender binary is not merely a division; it is also hierarchical and regulated by femmephobia.