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Mimi Abramovitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social work and Social Reform an arena of struggle
Social Work, 1998Co-Authors: Mimi AbramovitzAbstract:The twin pressures of containment and change have plagued Social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and Social change. At the same time, observers within and outside Social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the Social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles the profession has endured have ensured that Social work practice with individuals, families, groups, and communities is neither handed down from above nor written in stone. Rather, the design of Social work as we know it reflects internal and external political struggles. The presence of this tension becomes critically important, because with it comes opportunity for change. The centennial gives occasion to celebrations, critical reviews, and future visions for the profession. In this spirit, this article reviews the history of activism in Social work in a framework of the relationship between Social work and Social Reform as an arena of struggle. Most histories of Social work present the story chronologically. I use the history to bring the activist struggles in Social work into bold relief. More specifically, I have developed three parallel narratives centered on Social work as an arena of struggle: (1) the largely untold history of activism in the profession during the 20th century, (2) the effect of the process of professionalization on Social work activism, and (3) the ways the changing political climate shaped the relationship between the profession of Social work and its impulse for Social Reform. The Prochange Mandate in Social Work Social work's commitment to both individual and Social change stems from at least three sources: (1) the mandates of our professional organizations, (2) the professional literature, and (3) the long history of activism among Social workers themselves. Professional Mandates Since the mid-1960s both the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) have recognized Social work's role in Social Reform. The 1994 CSWE Curriculum Policy Statement (CSWE, 1994) and the 1996 NASW Code of Ethics continue to call for action to improve Social conditions as one way for Social work to honor its primary obligation to individual and community welfare. Review of the Literature Many Social worker scholars have articulated Social work's commitment to Social Reform (Galper, 1975; Haynes & Mickelson, 1997; Mahaffey & Hanks, 1982; Withorn, 1984). "Systems," "transactional," "person-in-situation," "empowerment," and other practice theories emphasize the relationship between Social conditions and the quality of life for individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. The theories assume that individuals grow, change, and develop a sense of mastery best when they can gain self-insight, have real choices, and secure access to the resources and power needed to realize these goals. The theories recognize that communities thrive when governments promote individual and collective responsibility, equal opportunities, and Social solidarity. In brief, Social work scholarship suggests that, although a focus on individuals is critically important, it may not be enough (Payne, 1991; Simon, 1994). History of Activism The third foundation of Social work's commitment to Social Reform stems from the long history of activism among Social workers themselves. Social work activism has had many strands. As is the case in any large group of people, the politics of Social workers range across the political spectrum. During the past 100 years, the most visible and documented activism of the organized profession has tended toward liberal Reform. The goals of the activist members, however, have ranged from liberal to radical, leading to both collaboration and conflict. …
Das Acevedo Deepa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sovereignty and Social Change in the Wake of India\u27s Recent Sodomy Cases
Alabama Law Scholarly Commons, 2016Co-Authors: Das Acevedo DeepaAbstract:American constitutional law scholars have long questioned whether courts can really drive Social Reform and this position remains largely unchallenged even in the wake of recent landmark decisions affecting the LGBT community In contrast court watchers in India ” spurred by developments in a special type of legal action developed in the late 1970s known as public interest litigation or PIL ” have only recently begun questioning the judiciary\u27s ability to promote progressive Social change Indian scholarship on this point has veered between despair that PIL cases no longer reliably produce good outcomes for India\u27s most disadvantaged and optimism that public interest litigation can be returned to its glory days of heroic judicial intervention And no pair of cases so nicely captures this dichotomy as the 2009 decision in Naz Foundation which decriminalized sodomy and the 2012 decision in Suresh Kumar Koushal which overruled Naz This paper uses public interest litigation and India\u27s recent sodomy cases to demonstrate that the relationship between state actors like courts and society is often far less stable than the democratic ideal of citizen sovereignty would suggestbrbrI argue first that supporters of public interest litigation should neither give up on PIL suits as a means of effecting Social Reform nor imagine that PIL suits can ever reliably produce desirable outcomes As a type of legal action public interest litigation simply cannot be reverse engineered in this way But second I reinterpret the documented and widely critiqued shift in PIL cases from protecting fundamental rights during the 1970s and ˜80s to protecting the interests of advantaged litigants in the 1990s and 2000s While earlier PIL cases reflect the Indian Constitution\u27s commitment to governmentled Social Reform and the sharing of sovereignty between citizens and the state contemporary PIL cases reflect the Constitution\u27s commitment to an agency theory of sovereignty whereby government merely acts on behalf of citizens Because neither vision of sovereignty is paramount over the long run shifts in public interest litigation reflect the productive and dynamic equilibrium between the tw
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Sovereignty Considerations and Social Change in the Wake of India\u27s Recent Sodomy Cases
Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 2016Co-Authors: Das Acevedo DeepaAbstract:American constitutional law scholars have long questioned whether courts can really drive Social Reform, and this position remains largely unchallenged even in the wake of recent landmark decisions affecting the LGBT community. In contrast, court watchers in India — spurred by developments in a special type of legal action developed in the late 1970s known as “public interest litigation,” or “PIL” — have only recently begun questioning the judiciary’s ability to promote progressive Social change. Indian scholarship on this point has veered between despair that PIL cases no longer reliably produce good outcomes for India’s most disadvantaged, and optimism that public interest litigation can be returned to its glory days of heroic judicial intervention. And no pair of cases so nicely captures this dichotomy as the 2009 decision in Naz Foundation, which decriminalized sodomy, and the 2012 decision in Suresh Kumar Koushal, which overruled Naz. This paper uses public interest litigation and India’s recent sodomy cases to demonstrate that the relationship between state actors (like courts) and society is often far less stable than the democratic ideal of “citizen sovereignty” would suggest. I argue, first, that supporters of public interest litigation should neither give up on PIL suits as a means of effecting Social Reform nor imagine that PIL suits can ever reliably produce desirable outcomes. As a type of legal action, public interest litigation simply cannot be reverse engineered in this way. But second, I reinterpret the documented and widely critiqued shift in PIL cases from protecting fundamental rights during the 1970s and ‘80s to protecting the interests of advantaged litigants in the 1990s and 2000s. While earlier PIL cases reflect the Indian Constitution’s commitment to government-led Social Reform and the sharing of sovereignty between citizens and the state, contemporary PIL cases reflect the Constitution’s commitment to an agency theory of sovereignty whereby government merely acts on behalf of citizens. Because neither vision of sovereignty is paramount over the long run, shifts in public interest litigation reflect the productive and dynamic equilibrium between the two
Nan Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social alienation in a transitional economy antecedents and impact on attitude toward Social Reform
Journal of Business Research, 2006Co-Authors: Yeqing Bao, Kevin Zheng Zhou, Nan ZhouAbstract:According to this investigation, factors at the institutional, organizational, and personal levels have direct impacts on Social alienation, as well as indirect impacts through job satisfaction. Furthermore, people with high Social alienation tend to hold a negative attitude toward Reforms taking place in China. The findings suggest that the Social system should not be regarded as the major cause of Social alienation; rather institutional, organizational, and personal factors contribute to people's feeling of alienation in a society.
John M Conley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Social Reform of banking
The Journal of Corporation Law, 2015Co-Authors: Cynthia A Williams, John M ConleyAbstract:Recent developments in banking, including high-profile prosecutions for illegal activities, suggest further regulatory interventions on both sides of the Atlantic. Yet the structure of much banking regulation requires banks to make good faith determinations of the type of risks to which their loans give rise—determinations that can be and, in some cases have been, manipulated. Rather than evaluating specific regulatory interventions, this chapter will focus on the culture within financial institutions themselves, particularly the global entities that are explicitly or implicitly too big to fail, and on approaches to regulation that might affect and be affected by that culture. Our analysis is informed by the perspectives of anthropology, organizational and Social psychology, and new governance regulatory theory.
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the Social Reform of banking
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Cynthia A Williams, John M ConleyAbstract:Recent developments in banking, including high-profile prosecutions for illegal activities, portend further regulatory interventions on both sides of the Atlantic. Yet the structure of much banking regulation requires banks to make good faith determinations of the kinds of risks to which their loans and investments give rise -- determinations that can be, and in some cases have been, manipulated. Rather than evaluating specific regulatory interventions, this Article focuses on the culture within financial institutions themselves, particularly the global entities that are explicitly or implicitly too-big-to-fail, and on approaches to regulation that might affect and be affected by that culture. Our analysis is informed by the perspectives of anthropology, organizational and Social psychology, and new governance regulatory theory. Weaving these strands of prior research together, the Article concludes with suggestions for Reform, emphasizing structural Reforms, accounting Reforms (informed by ideas derived from both organizational psychology and transnational private regulation), and other regulatory approaches that might encourage cultural Reforms within banking.
Ahn Soohyun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How Non-Epistemic Values Can Be Epistemically Beneficial in Scientific Classification
2020Co-Authors: Ahn SoohyunAbstract:The boundaries of Social categories are frequently altered to serve normative projects, such as Social Reform. Griffiths and Khalidi argue that the value-driven modification of categories diminishes the epistemic value of Social categories. I argue that concerns over value-modified categories are an endorsement of problematic assumptions of the value-free ideal of science. Contrary to those concerns, non-epistemic value considerations can increase the epistemic success of a scientific category. For example, the early history of the category infantile autism shows how non-epistemic value considerations can contribute to delimiting and establishing infantile autism as a distinct category in mainstream psychiatry. In the case of infantile autism, non-epistemic considerations have led to a new interpretation of existing data, the expansion of research to include biology, and the creation of diagnostic criteria that further contribute to collecting relevant data. Given this case study, we see that non-epistemic considerations may not be epistemically detrimental but can be epistemically beneficial in scientific classification
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How non-epistemic values can be epistemically beneficial in scientific classification
2020Co-Authors: Ahn SoohyunAbstract:The boundaries of Social categories are frequently altered to serve normative projects, such as Social Reform. Griffiths and Khalidi argue that the value-driven modification of categories diminishes the epistemic value of Social categories. I argue that concerns over value-modified categories stem from problematic assumptions of the value-free ideal of science. Contrary to those concerns, non-epistemic value considerations can contribute to the epistemic improvement of a scientific category. For example, the early history of the category infantile autism shows how non-epistemic value considerations can contribute to delimiting and establishing infantile autism as a distinct category in mainstream psychiatry. In the case of infantile autism, non-epistemic considerations have led to a new interpretation of existing data, the expansion of research to include biology, and the creation of diagnostic criteria that further contribute to collecting relevant data. Given this case study, it can be argued that non-epistemic values can improve our knowledge of scientific categories
