The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cedric Luiz De Carvalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Winter Simulation Conference - Small-scale: a new model of Social networks
2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC), 2013Co-Authors: Ericsson Santana Marin, Cedric Luiz De CarvalhoAbstract:Despite Social network analysis has been subject to scientific interest, further study of the dynamics of networks have been recently developed by a new interdisciplinary science, rooted in sociological research and in the evolution of Graph Theory: the Science of Networks. Researches in this area subverted predefined concepts, presenting revelations about the interconnected Social Universe, highlighting the demystification of six degrees of separation with the confirmation of "small world" phenomenon. Grounded on these findings, we propose in this paper a new model of Social networks called small-scale networks, engendered by the improvement of existing models. As a way of validation, we have built the Fluzz application, able to simulate the generation of Social networks through this new model, and through other major literature models (random, small-world and scale-free networks), graphing the networks conceived. The simulation results have shown that small-scale networks are a real alternative to the evolution of society.
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Small-scale: A new model of Social networks
2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC), 2013Co-Authors: Ericsson Santana Marin, Cedric Luiz De CarvalhoAbstract:Despite Social network analysis has been subject to scientific interest, further study of the dynamics of networks have been recently developed by a new interdisciplinary science, rooted in sociological research and in the evolution of Graph Theory: the Science of Networks. Researches in this area subverted predefined concepts, presenting revelations about the interconnected Social Universe, highlighting the demystification of six degrees of separation with the confirmation of “small world” phenomenon. Grounded on these findings, we propose in this paper a new model of Social networks called small-scale networks, engendered by the improvement of existing models. As a way of validation, we have built the Fluzz application, able to simulate the generation of Social networks through this new model, and through other major literature models (random, small-world and scale-free networks), graphing the networks conceived. The simulation results have shown that small-scale networks are a real alternative to the evolution of society.
Jonathan H. Turner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biology and American Sociology, Part I: the Rise of Evolutionary Thinking, its Rejection, and Potential Resurrection
The American Sociologist, 2019Co-Authors: Russell K. Schutt, Jonathan H. TurnerAbstract:Despite long-standing prejudices against doing so, it is time for sociology to reconnect with its roots in biological and evolutionary thinking. Sociology emerged as a discipline when the notion of evolution was actively used in biology, geology, and emerging Social sciences. Throughout the nineteenth century, many of the most prominent early European sociologists examined the Social Universe from an evolutionary perspective; and this perspective was borrowed in much of early American sociology in the last decades of the nineteenth century and in the first decades of the twentieth century. By the end of the second decade of the twentieth Century, however, evolutionary analysis was rapidly disappearing in sociology in the United States, and by the 1930s, it was pretty much dead. And for the remainder of the twentieth century, it was viewed with a great suspicion, especially evolutionary approaches that sought to incorporate ideas from biology into the field. Despite the revival of stage models of societal evolution and the emergence of new ecological approaches in the 1960s and 1970s, evolutionary ideas from biology were still rejected by most American sociologists though much of the twentieth century. In this paper, we first present the history of this rejection of evolutionary, with the goal of encouraging sociologists today to recognize the distortions and misrepresentations of Darwinian and Spencerian ideas that fueled intellectual prejudices for so many decades. These prejudices only get in the way of sociology in the twenty-first century, where biological ideas have begun to pervade the Social sciences. Thus, American sociologists should now take stock and reconsider how much evolutionary and biological analysis can help sociology and, equally if not more important, how an informed evolutionary sociology can influence those in the other Social sciences and even those in the biological sciences.
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the problem with too much fidelity to the modern synthesis when explaining the origins and evolution of the Social Universe
The Journal of Cognitive Science, 2018Co-Authors: Jonathan H. TurnerAbstract:Religion emerged as a cognitive capacity and behavioral propensity by virtue of Darwinian natural selection on hominins and then humans to become more Social and group oriented. The capacity to be religious is only a modest extension of the Darwinian selection on cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal propensities of all great apes and, hence, early hominins. However, other forms of natural selection need to be added to the explanation of why religion became institutionalized in early human societies, why religious organizations arise and die from competition, and why violence is so often a part of religious revolution. These additional types of natural selection do not obviate Darwinian selection on the human brain, but they become a necessary supplement to Darwinian analysis if the early institutionalization and subsequent evolution of religion are to be more fully explained.
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Principles of Meso Dynamics
Theoretical Principles of Sociology Volume 3, 2012Co-Authors: Jonathan H. TurnerAbstract:This last chapter summarizes all of the abstract principles that have been developed from Chaps. 4 to 8. Thirty-six principles have been enumerated in these chapters, and the goal of this third volume of Theoretical Principles of Sociology has been, as the title implies, to develop high abstract principles or laws of sociology. These explain the dynamics of the Social Universe as it unfolds at the macro-, micro-, and mesolevels of organization. They demonstrate that it is possible to have a natural science of the Social Universe, just like all other natural sciences.
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The Micro Basis of the Meso and Macro Social Realms
Theoretical Principles of Sociology Volume 2, 2010Co-Authors: Jonathan H. TurnerAbstract:For the last 50 years, sociological theory has been trying to “solve” the riddle of how to connect theoretically the micro and macro realms of Social reality. For many years, I argued that this riddle would solve itself with the development of more formal theorizing across a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from face-to-face interaction through groups, communities, organizations, and Social categories to institutions, class systems, societies and inter-societal systems. As I look back on the past four decades, the discipline has made enormous strides in theorizing virtually all phenomena in the Social Universe. Surprisingly, we continues to beat itself up over the lack of progress in explanatory theory but, in fact, there has been a great deal of theoretical cumulation since, say, the height of Parsonsian theorizing of the 1950s and early 1960s to the present. It is this cumulation that has given me the confidence (some would say “arrogance”) to write a set of volumes like Theoretical Principles of Sociology.
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Principles of Macrodynamics
Theoretical Principles of Sociology Volume 1, 2010Co-Authors: Jonathan H. TurnerAbstract:The macro-level Social Universe evolved under selection pressures that forced individual and corporate actors to find solutions to these pressures or face the disintegrative consequences. These pressures have not disappeared with the evolution of complexity; indeed, complexity itself generates second-, perhaps third- and n-order selection pressures. The first human societies were not very “macro” but as sets of bands developed common culture and inter-band relations, the first steps to building a more macro Social Universe were taken. Once population as a force pushed actors to form communities, the structural base of macro-level Social reality was firmly established.
Ericsson Santana Marin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Winter Simulation Conference - Small-scale: a new model of Social networks
2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC), 2013Co-Authors: Ericsson Santana Marin, Cedric Luiz De CarvalhoAbstract:Despite Social network analysis has been subject to scientific interest, further study of the dynamics of networks have been recently developed by a new interdisciplinary science, rooted in sociological research and in the evolution of Graph Theory: the Science of Networks. Researches in this area subverted predefined concepts, presenting revelations about the interconnected Social Universe, highlighting the demystification of six degrees of separation with the confirmation of "small world" phenomenon. Grounded on these findings, we propose in this paper a new model of Social networks called small-scale networks, engendered by the improvement of existing models. As a way of validation, we have built the Fluzz application, able to simulate the generation of Social networks through this new model, and through other major literature models (random, small-world and scale-free networks), graphing the networks conceived. The simulation results have shown that small-scale networks are a real alternative to the evolution of society.
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Small-scale: A new model of Social networks
2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC), 2013Co-Authors: Ericsson Santana Marin, Cedric Luiz De CarvalhoAbstract:Despite Social network analysis has been subject to scientific interest, further study of the dynamics of networks have been recently developed by a new interdisciplinary science, rooted in sociological research and in the evolution of Graph Theory: the Science of Networks. Researches in this area subverted predefined concepts, presenting revelations about the interconnected Social Universe, highlighting the demystification of six degrees of separation with the confirmation of “small world” phenomenon. Grounded on these findings, we propose in this paper a new model of Social networks called small-scale networks, engendered by the improvement of existing models. As a way of validation, we have built the Fluzz application, able to simulate the generation of Social networks through this new model, and through other major literature models (random, small-world and scale-free networks), graphing the networks conceived. The simulation results have shown that small-scale networks are a real alternative to the evolution of society.
Ilaria Lotufo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Images of the natural (and Social) Universe in Rétif De La Bretonne’s La découverte australe
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Ilaria LotufoAbstract:Abstract As many cultural historians of the sciences have recently indicated, eighteenth-century illustrations of natural historical works represent an important source that can be used to explore the ways in which nature and the study of nature were regarded in the period. Naturalistic illustrations, however, are not the only genre of images that may help the historian in this investigation. Another interesting source is represented by images of nature and natural objects connected with fictional literature. Yet, little attention has been devoted so far to this genre of images. In this paper I analyse some of the engravings which illustrate Retif de la Bretonne’s imaginary voyage La Decouverte australe par un homme volant (1781). My aim is to show that these illustrations convey a well-defined image of the natural Universe, and that their analysis may contribute to our understanding of the various significances and roles attached to Nature in the period—particularly bringing to the fore its moral and political uses. Further, by analysing the ways in which they connect and integrate a variety of artistic and discursive traditions related to fiction, travel, and natural history, I hope to suggest some of the ways in which this genre of images may be used to shed light on the eighteenth-century interplay between spheres of knowledge later assigned to such distinct disciplines as ‘science’, ‘literature’, or ‘art’.
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images of the natural and Social Universe in retif de la bretonne s la decouverte australe
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Ilaria LotufoAbstract:Abstract As many cultural historians of the sciences have recently indicated, eighteenth-century illustrations of natural historical works represent an important source that can be used to explore the ways in which nature and the study of nature were regarded in the period. Naturalistic illustrations, however, are not the only genre of images that may help the historian in this investigation. Another interesting source is represented by images of nature and natural objects connected with fictional literature. Yet, little attention has been devoted so far to this genre of images. In this paper I analyse some of the engravings which illustrate Retif de la Bretonne’s imaginary voyage La Decouverte australe par un homme volant (1781). My aim is to show that these illustrations convey a well-defined image of the natural Universe, and that their analysis may contribute to our understanding of the various significances and roles attached to Nature in the period—particularly bringing to the fore its moral and political uses. Further, by analysing the ways in which they connect and integrate a variety of artistic and discursive traditions related to fiction, travel, and natural history, I hope to suggest some of the ways in which this genre of images may be used to shed light on the eighteenth-century interplay between spheres of knowledge later assigned to such distinct disciplines as ‘science’, ‘literature’, or ‘art’.
Gerhard Lenski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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societal taxonomies mapping the Social Universe
Review of Sociology, 1994Co-Authors: Gerhard LenskiAbstract:Taxonomies have played a much more important role in the development of the sciences than is generally recognized by sociologists. They have provided both a foundation for the formulation of basic theory and a spur to innovative research. This paper traces the development from ancient times to the present of efforts to create a taxonomy of human societies, the most basic and inclusive of all Social systems. It concludes with a discussion of the question of whether there are compelling reasons for preferring any one of the various taxonomies that have been devised. Four principles for evaluating taxonomies are proposed and applied.