The Experts below are selected from a list of 66 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Chulhee Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Socioeconomic Differences in the Health of Black Union Soldiers during the American Civil War
    Social science history, 2009
    Co-Authors: Chulhee Lee
    Abstract:

    This article investigates patterns of Socioeconomic Difference in the wartime morbidity and mortality of black Union soldiers during the American Civil War. Among the factors that contributed to lower probabilities of contracting and dying of disease were lighter skin color, a nonfield occupation, residence on a large plantation, and residence in a rural area prior to enlistment. Patterns of disease-specific mortality and timing of death suggest that the Differences in the development of immunity to disease and in nutritional status prior to enlistment were responsible for the observed Socioeconomic Differences in wartime health. For example, the advantages of light-skinned soldiers over dark-skinned and of enlisted men formerly engaged in nonfield occupations over field hands resulted from Differences in nutritional status. The lower wartime mortality of ex-slaves from large plantations can be explained by their better-developed immunity and superior nutritional status. The results of this article suggest that there were substantial disparities in the health of the slave population on the eve of the Civil War.

  • Socioeconomic Differences in the Health of Black Union Army Soldiers
    Social Science Research Network, 2009
    Co-Authors: Chulhee Lee
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates patterns of Socioeconomic Difference in the wartime morbidity and mortality of black Union Army soldiers. Among the factors that contributed to a lower probability of contracting and dying from diseases were (1) lighter skin color, (2) a non-field occupation, (3) residence on a large plantation, and (4) residence in a rural area prior to enlistment. Patterns of disease-specific mortality and timing of death suggest that the Differences in the development of immunity against diseases and in nutritional status prior to enlistment were responsible for the observed Socioeconomic Differences in wartime health. For example, the advantages of light-skinned soldiers over dark-skinned and of enlisted men formerly engaged in non-field occupations over field hands resulted from Differences in nutritional status. The lower wartime mortality of ex-slaves from large plantations can be explained by their better-developed immunity as well as superior nutritional status. The results of this paper suggest that there were substantial disparities in the health of the slave population on the eve of the Civil War.

Diane Skorina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Caroline Méjean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Does diet quality explain Socioeconomic Difference in metabolic syndrome in French West Indies?
    2019
    Co-Authors: Zoé Colombet, Marlène Perignon, Benoit Salanave, Edwige Landais, Benjamin Allès, Sophie Drogue, Marie Josephe Amiot-carlin, Yves Martin-prével, Caroline Méjean
    Abstract:

    Background: Obesity and metabolic diseases represent a major health burden in the Caribbean, particularly since a large part of the population is disadvantaged. However, Socioeconomic inequalities in chronic diseases are poorly explored in this region, and the contribution of diet to explain these inequalities has not yet been studied. We investigated the association between Socioeconomic position and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and explored whether this association was mediated by diet quality among adults in the French West Indies. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 1,144 subjects (≥16 y) from a multistage sampling survey conducted in 2013-2014 on a representative sample of the Guadeloupean and Martinican population. The prevalence of MetS was assessed using the Joint Interim Statement. Dietary intakes were estimated using 24 hours dietary recalls, and diet quality was assessed through the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Associations between Socioeconomic indicators (education, employment status, social assistance benefits) and prevalence of MetS, and the potential mediating effect of diet quality in this association were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for location (Guadeloupe or Martinique), age, sex, single-parent household, presence of at least one child in the household and body mass index. Results: MetS prevalence adjusted for age and sex was 21% and 30% among Guadeloupean and Martinican, respectively. Compared to those with a high education level, low- and middle-educated subjects were more likely to be at risk of MetS (OR = 1.9; 95%CI = [1.0-3.6] and OR = 2.7; 95%CI = [1.4-5.1], respectively), as were recipients of social assistance benefits compared to non-recipients (OR = 2.2; 95%CI = [1.1-4.2]). The DQI-I explained 11% of the overall variation in MetS due to education. Conclusions: Socioeconomic inequalities in MetS prevalence, reflected by education and financial resources, were found in a Caribbean population. However, diet quality contributed only to Socioeconomic inequalities due to education. Further prospective studies are now needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of social inequalities in MetS in a context of high poverty rates. Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interest

  • Does diet quality explain Socioeconomic Difference in metabolic syndrome in French West Indies?
    2018
    Co-Authors: Zoé Colombet, Marlène Perignon, Benoit Salanave, Edwige Landais, Yves Martine-prevel, Benjamin Allès, Sophie Drogue, Marie Josephe Amiot-carlin, Caroline Méjean
    Abstract:

    Introduction and objective Obesity and chronic diseases represent a major health burden in the Caribbean, particularly since a large part of the population is disadvantaged. However, Socioeconomic inequalities in chronic diseases are poorly explored in the Caribbean and the contribution of diet to explain these inequalities has not been studied yet. We therefore investigated the association between Socioeconomic position and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the mediating effect of diet quality. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 1144 Guadeloupean and Martinican adults from the Kannari study. Dietary intakes were estimated from 24h dietary recalls and the diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). MetS was defined according to the 2009 harmonized definition, from biological data. Associations between Socioeconomic indicators (education, employment status, social assistance benefits, single-parent household, presence of child in the household) and prevalence of MetS, and the mediating effect of diet quality were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for area of residence (Guadeloupe or Martinique), age, sex and body mass index. Results Among Guadeloupean and Martinican adults, MetS prevalence was 23%. Low and middle educated subjects (ORlow vs. high=1.9; 95%CI=[1.0-3.6] and ORmiddle vs. high=2.7; 95%CI=[1.4-5.1]) and recipients of social assistance benefits (OR=2.2; CI95%=[1.1-4.2]) were more likely to be at risk of MetS compared with individuals with high education level and non-recipients. DQI-I explained 11% of the overall educational variation in MetS and only 2% of the overall variation due to social assistance benefits. Conclusions Diet quality slightly contributes to explain the Socioeconomic inequalities in MetS in these Caribbean populations. Mediating effect of other lifestyle factors such as smoking status and physical activity are needed to be investigated to better understand mechanisms of Socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and therefore to guide future public health measures.

Pekka Puska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • do changes in cardiovascular risk factors explain the increasing Socioeconomic Difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in finland
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 1998
    Co-Authors: Erkki Vartiainen, J Pekkanen, Seppo Koskinen, Pekka Jousilahti, Veikko Salomaa, Pekka Puska
    Abstract:

    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent to which changes in blood pressure, smoking, and serum cholesterol concentration explain the observed increase in Socioeconomic Differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Finland during the past 20 years. DESIGN: Predicted changes in mortality from IHD were calculated using logistic regression models with the risk factor levels assessed by cross sectional population surveys conducted in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987. The subjects included white collar and blue collar workers and farmers. The predicted changes were compared with the observed mortality changes in the same Socioeconomic groups in the total population of the same geographical area. SETTING: North Karelia and Kuopio provinces, eastern Finland. PARTICIPANTS: 16,741 men and 16,389 women aged 30-59 randomly drawn from the population registers of the study areas. Mortality data were obtained from the total population in the same areas. MAIN RESULTS: In men, the changes in diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and smoking predicted a 28% decline in the mortality from IHD among white collar workers, a 30% decline among blue collar workers, and a 33% decline in farmers. Observed declines in the same Socioeconomic groups were 61%, 40%, and 37%, respectively. In women, the predicted decline was 41% among white collar workers, 35% among blue collar workers, and 39% among farmers. The respective observed declines were 57%, 43%, and 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of the decline in IHD mortality among white collar men was explained by the risk factor changes, while they explained 75% of the decline among blue collar men and 89% of the decline among male farmers. Changes in risk factors did not explain the increasing Difference in IHD mortality between the Socioeconomic groups, especially among men.

Zoé Colombet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Does diet quality explain Socioeconomic Difference in metabolic syndrome in French West Indies?
    2019
    Co-Authors: Zoé Colombet, Marlène Perignon, Benoit Salanave, Edwige Landais, Benjamin Allès, Sophie Drogue, Marie Josephe Amiot-carlin, Yves Martin-prével, Caroline Méjean
    Abstract:

    Background: Obesity and metabolic diseases represent a major health burden in the Caribbean, particularly since a large part of the population is disadvantaged. However, Socioeconomic inequalities in chronic diseases are poorly explored in this region, and the contribution of diet to explain these inequalities has not yet been studied. We investigated the association between Socioeconomic position and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and explored whether this association was mediated by diet quality among adults in the French West Indies. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 1,144 subjects (≥16 y) from a multistage sampling survey conducted in 2013-2014 on a representative sample of the Guadeloupean and Martinican population. The prevalence of MetS was assessed using the Joint Interim Statement. Dietary intakes were estimated using 24 hours dietary recalls, and diet quality was assessed through the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Associations between Socioeconomic indicators (education, employment status, social assistance benefits) and prevalence of MetS, and the potential mediating effect of diet quality in this association were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for location (Guadeloupe or Martinique), age, sex, single-parent household, presence of at least one child in the household and body mass index. Results: MetS prevalence adjusted for age and sex was 21% and 30% among Guadeloupean and Martinican, respectively. Compared to those with a high education level, low- and middle-educated subjects were more likely to be at risk of MetS (OR = 1.9; 95%CI = [1.0-3.6] and OR = 2.7; 95%CI = [1.4-5.1], respectively), as were recipients of social assistance benefits compared to non-recipients (OR = 2.2; 95%CI = [1.1-4.2]). The DQI-I explained 11% of the overall variation in MetS due to education. Conclusions: Socioeconomic inequalities in MetS prevalence, reflected by education and financial resources, were found in a Caribbean population. However, diet quality contributed only to Socioeconomic inequalities due to education. Further prospective studies are now needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of social inequalities in MetS in a context of high poverty rates. Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interest

  • Does diet quality explain Socioeconomic Difference in metabolic syndrome in French West Indies?
    2018
    Co-Authors: Zoé Colombet, Marlène Perignon, Benoit Salanave, Edwige Landais, Yves Martine-prevel, Benjamin Allès, Sophie Drogue, Marie Josephe Amiot-carlin, Caroline Méjean
    Abstract:

    Introduction and objective Obesity and chronic diseases represent a major health burden in the Caribbean, particularly since a large part of the population is disadvantaged. However, Socioeconomic inequalities in chronic diseases are poorly explored in the Caribbean and the contribution of diet to explain these inequalities has not been studied yet. We therefore investigated the association between Socioeconomic position and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the mediating effect of diet quality. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 1144 Guadeloupean and Martinican adults from the Kannari study. Dietary intakes were estimated from 24h dietary recalls and the diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). MetS was defined according to the 2009 harmonized definition, from biological data. Associations between Socioeconomic indicators (education, employment status, social assistance benefits, single-parent household, presence of child in the household) and prevalence of MetS, and the mediating effect of diet quality were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for area of residence (Guadeloupe or Martinique), age, sex and body mass index. Results Among Guadeloupean and Martinican adults, MetS prevalence was 23%. Low and middle educated subjects (ORlow vs. high=1.9; 95%CI=[1.0-3.6] and ORmiddle vs. high=2.7; 95%CI=[1.4-5.1]) and recipients of social assistance benefits (OR=2.2; CI95%=[1.1-4.2]) were more likely to be at risk of MetS compared with individuals with high education level and non-recipients. DQI-I explained 11% of the overall educational variation in MetS and only 2% of the overall variation due to social assistance benefits. Conclusions Diet quality slightly contributes to explain the Socioeconomic inequalities in MetS in these Caribbean populations. Mediating effect of other lifestyle factors such as smoking status and physical activity are needed to be investigated to better understand mechanisms of Socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and therefore to guide future public health measures.