The Experts below are selected from a list of 216 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brady S Moffett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Nitroprusside induced cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2009Co-Authors: Christopher A Thomas, Lindsay Svehla, Brady S MoffettAbstract:Background: Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) is often used as a continuous infusion intravenous vasodilator in pediatric patients. However, cyanide toxicity can occur with SNP therapy. Scant literature is available determining the safety of SNP therapy, the incidence of cyanide toxicity or the risk factors for cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients. Objective: To review the literature concerning the safety of intravenous SNP with regard to cyanide toxicity in the pediatric patient population. Methods: A MedLine search was used to identify articles pertaining to SNP therapy and cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients. Conclusions: Sodium Nitroprusside seems to be safe when used in critically ill pediatric patients. Cyanide toxicity may occur in patients with specific risk factors. Routine monitoring of cyanide levels may not be warranted.
Y Hayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Nitroprusside-induced seizures and adenosine release in rat hippocampus.
European journal of pharmacology, 2001Co-Authors: T Kaku, M H Jiang, J Hada, K Morimoto, Y HayashiAbstract:In the present study, we examined the effects of nitric oxide (NO)-related compounds, i.e. Sodium Nitroprusside (NO donor), diethyldithiocarbamate (NO trapper) and dithiothreitol (superoxide radical scavenger) on release of aspartate and adenosine from rat hippocampus using electrophysiological and microdialysis methods. Perfusion with 0.05 or 0.5 mM Sodium Nitroprusside significantly reduced high K(+)-evoked release of aspartate during high K(+) perfusion. Perfusion with 0.5 mM Sodium Nitroprusside always induced seizures and significantly increased release of aspartate and adenosine during washout of Sodium Nitroprusside. Diethyldithiocarbamate (5 mM) reversed the effects of Sodium Nitroprusside. Dithiothreitol (1 mM) significantly reduced the increase in adenosine release by Sodium Nitroprusside. These findings indicate that adenosine release is closely related to development of seizures, which are triggered by an increase in both NO itself and in part peroxynitrite, which results in reaction with superoxide radicals.
Jesús Cisneros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prospective Comparative Study with Intracavernous Sodium Nitroprusside and Prostaglandin E1 in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
European urology, 1998Co-Authors: Luis Martínez-piñeiro, Ricardo Cortés, Ernesto Cuervo, Jorge López-tello, Jesús CisnerosAbstract:Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intracavernous administration of Sodium Nitroprusside and prostaglandin E1 to induce penile erection in men with erectile dysfunction. Material and Methods: 100 patients with erectile dysfunction entered the study prospectively. As part of the diagnostic workup, each patient received an intracavernous injection of 20 µg prostaglandin E1 and a second injection of 600 µg Sodium Nitroprusside 1–7 days later. A tourniquet was placed at the base of the penis before each injection. The data recorded included time required to initiate tumescence, local and systemic side effects, objective and subjective quality of erections, duration of tumescence and patient satisfaction by means of a personal questionnaire. Results: Prostaglandin E1 induced better overall responses than Sodium Nitroprusside, the difference being almost significant (p = 0.055). The overall duration of erections was also significantly longer with prostaglandin E1 (mean 81.3 min) than with Sodium Nitroprusside (mean 65.4 min; p 1 to be of better quality than those with Sodium Nitroprusside, and only 11% stated that Sodium Nitroprusside was superior. Side effects were minimal with both drugs, the most frequent side effect being systemic hypotension, which was induced by Sodium Nitroprusside in 7% of the patients. Conclusions: The moderate risk of systemic hypotension and the lower potency of Sodium Nitroprusside to induce erections compared to prostaglandin E1 rules out Sodium Nitroprusside as a routine alternative intracavernous drug in men with erectile dysfunction at the doses employed. Sodium Nitroprusside, however, could be used in patients who have intolerance or penile pain with intracavernous prostaglandin E1.
Denise Mulvihill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Nitroprusside infusion after bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection: preserved cerebral blood flow velocity and systemic oxygenation
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2003Co-Authors: Janet M. Simsic, Scott M Bradley, Denise MulvihillAbstract:Abstract Objective Systemic hypertension is common in patients after bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection. It can be treated with a vasodilator, such as Sodium Nitroprusside. However, it is possible that systemic hypertension is necessary to maintain cerebral blood flow in the face of cerebral venous hypertension. Furthermore, bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection places the cerebral and pulmonary vascular beds in series. Thus treatment of systemic hypertension by lowering blood pressure might decrease cerebral blood flow, pulmonary blood flow, and systemic oxygen levels. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow velocity and systemic oxygenation in patients after bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection. Methods This is a prospective patient-controlled study of 9 patients (median age, 7 months; age range, 4 to 12 months) undergoing bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection. Patients were studied in the intensive care unit within 6 hours of surgical intervention while sedated, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. Sodium Nitroprusside was infused to achieve a decrease in mean systemic blood pressure of approximately 20%. Cerebral blood flow velocity was measured by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of the middle cerebral artery. Results During Sodium Nitroprusside infusion, mean systemic blood pressure decreased (from 69 ± 6 mm Hg at baseline to 58 ± 6 mm Hg, P o 2 and systemic oxygen saturation were also preserved during Sodium Nitroprusside infusion. Conclusions Sodium Nitroprusside decreases systemic blood pressure in patients after bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection. This decrease occurs without accompanying changes in cerebral blood flow velocity or systemic oxygen levels. These findings suggest that cerebral and pulmonary blood flows are preserved during Sodium Nitroprusside infusion. Sodium Nitroprusside appears to be an appropriate agent for the treatment of systemic hypertension after bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection.
John M Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sodium Nitroprusside Infusion for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Bulletin Open, 2020Co-Authors: Mark Weiser, Daisy Zamora, Linda Levi, Valentin Matei, Ilan Gonen, Paull Radu, Michael Davidson, John M DavisAbstract:Abstract One previous small single-center clinical trial showed that a single intravenous administration of Sodium Nitroprusside added-on to antipsychotics improved a wide spectrum of schizophrenia (SCZ) symptoms more than placebo, and the improvement persisted for 4 weeks after infusion even though no additional drug was given. Our study attempted to replicate these data in a 4-week, add-on, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on 20 patients performed in a site in Romania and a site in Moldova. This study’s sample size and protocol were identical to the previous trial, including patients with a diagnosis of SCZ, within the first 5 years after diagnosis. Patients recruited needed to have a baseline total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score of 60 or above. Ten participants received a single dose of 0.5 µg/kg/min intravenous Sodium Nitroprusside over 4 hours, and 10 participants received matching placebo infusion, added-on to antipsychotics. The primary outcomes were the PANSS total score and the PANSS negative subscale. There were no significant between-group differences in PANSS total scores or negative subscale scores during the infusion on daily evaluations for the next 7 days nor on weekly evaluations at weeks 2, 3, and 4. No significant differences were found between the 2 study groups in adverse events. Meta-analyses including all 5 published randomized controlled trials on the topic, representing 155 subjects, do not show a statistically significant benefit of Sodium Nitroprusside. We conclude that the current evidence does not support the efficacy of Sodium Nitroprusside in the treatment of SCZ.
