The Experts below are selected from a list of 105384 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Noureddine Bouaicha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cyanobacterial toxins modes of actions fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Sylvain Corbel, Christian Mougin, Noureddine BouaichaAbstract:The occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters is often accompanied by the production of a variety of cyanotoxins. These toxins are designed to target in humans and animals specific organs on which they act: hepatotoxins (liver), neurotoxins (nervous system), cytotoxic alkaloids, and dermatotoxins (skin), but they often have important side effects too. When introduced into the Soil ecosystem by spray irrigation of crops they may affect the same molecular pathways in plants having identical or similar target organs, tissues, cells or biomolecules. There are also several indications that terrestrial plants, including food crop plants, can bioaccumulate cyanotoxins and present, therefore, potential health hazards for human and animals. The number of publications concerned with phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins on agricultural plants has increased recently. In this review, we first examine different cyanotoxins and their modes of actions in humans and mammals and occurrence of target biomolecules in vegetable organisms. Then we present environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in freshwaters and their fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems. Finally, we highlight bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins in plants used for feed and food and its consequences on animals and human health. Overall, our review shows that the information on the effects of cyanotoxins on non-target organisms in the terrestrial environment is particularly scarce, and that there are still serious gaps in the knowledge about the fate in the Soil Ecosystems and phytotoxicity of these toxins.
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Cyanobacterial toxins: modes of actions, fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops - a review
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Sylvain Corbel, Christian Mougin, Noureddine BouaichaAbstract:The occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters is often accompanied by the production of a variety of cyanotoxins. These toxins are designed to target in humans and animals specific organs on which they act: hepatotoxins (liver), neurotoxins (nervous system), cytotoxic alkaloids, and dermatotoxins (skin), but they often have important side effects too. When introduced into the Soil ecosystem by spray irrigation of crops they may affect the same molecular pathways in plants having identical or similar target organs, tissues, cells or biomolecules. There are also several indications that terrestrial plants, including food crop plants, can bioaccumulate cyanotoxins and present, therefore, potential health hazards for human and animals. The number of publications concerned with phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins on agricultural plants has increased recently. In this review, we first examine different cyanotoxins and their modes of actions in humans and mammals and occurrence of target biomolecules in vegetable organisms. Then we present environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in freshwaters and their fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems. Finally, we highlight bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins in plants used for feed and food and its consequences on animals and human health. Overall, our review shows that the information on the effects of cyanotoxins on non-target organisms in the terrestrial environment is particularly scarce, and that there are still serious gaps in the knowledge about the fate in the Soil Ecosystems and phytotoxicity of these toxins.
Sylvain Corbel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cyanobacterial toxins modes of actions fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Sylvain Corbel, Christian Mougin, Noureddine BouaichaAbstract:The occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters is often accompanied by the production of a variety of cyanotoxins. These toxins are designed to target in humans and animals specific organs on which they act: hepatotoxins (liver), neurotoxins (nervous system), cytotoxic alkaloids, and dermatotoxins (skin), but they often have important side effects too. When introduced into the Soil ecosystem by spray irrigation of crops they may affect the same molecular pathways in plants having identical or similar target organs, tissues, cells or biomolecules. There are also several indications that terrestrial plants, including food crop plants, can bioaccumulate cyanotoxins and present, therefore, potential health hazards for human and animals. The number of publications concerned with phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins on agricultural plants has increased recently. In this review, we first examine different cyanotoxins and their modes of actions in humans and mammals and occurrence of target biomolecules in vegetable organisms. Then we present environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in freshwaters and their fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems. Finally, we highlight bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins in plants used for feed and food and its consequences on animals and human health. Overall, our review shows that the information on the effects of cyanotoxins on non-target organisms in the terrestrial environment is particularly scarce, and that there are still serious gaps in the knowledge about the fate in the Soil Ecosystems and phytotoxicity of these toxins.
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Cyanobacterial toxins: modes of actions, fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops - a review
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Sylvain Corbel, Christian Mougin, Noureddine BouaichaAbstract:The occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters is often accompanied by the production of a variety of cyanotoxins. These toxins are designed to target in humans and animals specific organs on which they act: hepatotoxins (liver), neurotoxins (nervous system), cytotoxic alkaloids, and dermatotoxins (skin), but they often have important side effects too. When introduced into the Soil ecosystem by spray irrigation of crops they may affect the same molecular pathways in plants having identical or similar target organs, tissues, cells or biomolecules. There are also several indications that terrestrial plants, including food crop plants, can bioaccumulate cyanotoxins and present, therefore, potential health hazards for human and animals. The number of publications concerned with phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins on agricultural plants has increased recently. In this review, we first examine different cyanotoxins and their modes of actions in humans and mammals and occurrence of target biomolecules in vegetable organisms. Then we present environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in freshwaters and their fate in aquatic and Soil Ecosystems. Finally, we highlight bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins in plants used for feed and food and its consequences on animals and human health. Overall, our review shows that the information on the effects of cyanotoxins on non-target organisms in the terrestrial environment is particularly scarce, and that there are still serious gaps in the knowledge about the fate in the Soil Ecosystems and phytotoxicity of these toxins.
W. Nelson Beyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating Toxic Damage to Soil Ecosystems from Soil Organic Matter Profiles
Ecotoxicology, 2001Co-Authors: W. Nelson BeyerAbstract:Concentrations of particulate and total organic matter were measured in upper Soil profiles at 26 sites as a potential means to identify toxic damage to Soil Ecosystems. Because Soil organic matter plays a role in cycling nutrients, aerating Soil, retaining water, and maintaining tilth, a significant reduction in organic matter content in a Soil profile is not just evidence of a change in ecosystem function, but of damage to that Soil ecosystem. Reference sites were selected for comparison to contaminated sites, and additional sites were selected to illustrate how variables other than environmental contaminants might affect the Soil organic matter profile. The survey was undertaken on the supposition that environmental contaminants and other stressors reduce the activity of earthworms and other macrofauna, inhibiting the incorporation of organic matter into the Soil profile. The profiles of the unstressed Soils showed a continuous decrease in organic matter content from the uppermost mineral Soil layer (0–2.5 cm) down to 15 cm. Stressed Soils showed an abrupt decrease in Soil organic matter content below a depth of 2.5 cm. The 2.5–5.0 cm layer of stressed Soils–such as found in a pine barren, an orchard, sites contaminated with zinc, and a site with compacted Soil–had less than 4 % total organic matter and less than 1 % particulate organic matter. However, damaged Soil Ecosystems were best identified by comparison of their profiles to the profiles of closely matched reference Soils, rather than by comparison to these absolute values. The presence or absence of earthworms offered a partial explanation of observed differences in Soil organic matter profiles.
Nico Eisenhauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global vulnerability of Soil Ecosystems to erosion
Landscape Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Carlos A. Guerra, Isabel M. D. Rosa, Emiliana Valentini, Florian Wolf, Federico Filipponi, Dirk N. Karger, Alessandra Nguyen Xuan, Jerome Mathieu, Patrick Lavelle, Nico EisenhauerAbstract:Context Soil erosion is one of the main threats driving Soil degradation across the globe with important impacts on crop yields, Soil biota, biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately human nutrition. Objectives Here, using an empirical model, we present a global and temporally explicit assessment of Soil erosion risk according to recent (2001–2013) dynamics of rainfall and vegetation cover change to identify vulnerable areas for Soils and Soil biodiversity. Methods We used an adaptation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation together with state of the art remote sensing models to create a spatially and temporally explicit global model of Soil erosion and Soil protection. Finally, we overlaid global maps of Soil biodiversity to assess the potential vulnerability of these Soil communities to Soil erosion. Results We show a consistent decline in Soil erosion protection over time across terrestrial biomes, which resulted in a global increase of 11.7% in Soil erosion rates. Notably, Soil erosion risk systematically increased between 2006 and 2013 in relation to the baseline year (2001). Although vegetation cover is central to Soil protection, this increase was mostly driven by changes in rainfall erosivity. Globally, Soil erosion is expected not only to have an impact on the vulnerability of Soil conditions but also on Soil biodiversity with 6.4% (for Soil macrofauna) and 7.6% (for Soil fungi) of these vulnerable areas coinciding with regions with high Soil biodiversity. Conclusions Our results indicate that an increasing proportion of Soils are degraded globally, affecting not only livelihoods but also potentially degrading local and regional landscapes. Similarly, many degraded regions coincide with and may have impacted high levels of Soil biodiversity.
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Global vulnerability of Soil Ecosystems to erosion
Landscape Ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Guerra, Emiliana Valentini, Florian Wolf, Federico Filipponi, Alessandra Nguyen Xuan, Jerome Mathieu, Patrick Lavelle, Isabel Rosa, Dirk Karger, Nico EisenhauerAbstract:Context Soil erosion is one of the main threats driving Soil degradation across the globe with important impacts on crop yields, Soil biota, biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately human nutrition. Objectives Here, using an empirical model, we present a global and temporally explicit assessment of Soil erosion risk according to recent (2001–2013) dynamics of rainfall and vegetation cover change to identify vulnerable areas for Soils and Soil biodiversity. Methods We used an adaptation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation together with state of the art remote sensing models to create a spatially and temporally explicit global model of Soil erosion and Soil protection. Finally, we overlaid global maps of Soil biodiversity to assess the potential vulnerability of these Soil communities to Soil erosion. Results We show a consistent decline in Soil erosion protection over time across terrestrial biomes, which resulted in a global increase of 11.7% in Soil erosion rates. Notably, Soil erosion risk systematically increased between 2006 and 2013 in relation to the baseline year (2001). Although vegetation cover is central to Soil protection, this increase was mostly driven by changes in rainfall erosivity. Globally, Soil erosion is expected not only to have an impact on the vulnerability of Soil conditions but also on Soil biodiversity with 6.4% (for Soil macrofauna) and 7.6% (for Soil fungi) of these vulnerable areas coinciding with regions with high Soil biodiversity. Conclusions Our results indicate that an increasing proportion of Soils are degraded globally, affecting not only livelihoods but also potentially degrading local and regional landscapes. Similarly, many degraded regions coincide with and may have impacted high levels of Soil biodiversity.
Jayne Belnap - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disturbance to desert Soil Ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014Co-Authors: Stephen B. Pointing, Jayne BelnapAbstract:This review considers the regional scale of impacts arising from disturbance to desert Soil Ecosystems. Deserts occupy over one-third of the Earth’s terrestrial surface, and biological Soil covers are critical to stabilization of desert Soils. Disturbance to these can contribute to massive destabilization and mobilization of dust. This results in dust storms that are transported across inter-continental distances where they have profound negative impacts. Dust deposition at high altitudes causes radiative forcing of snowpack that leads directly to altered hydrological regimes and changes to freshwater biogeochemistry. In marine environments dust deposition impacts phytoplankton diazotrophy, and causes coral reef senescence. Increasingly dust is also recognized as a threat to human health.
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Disturbance to desert Soil Ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014Co-Authors: Stephen B. Pointing, Jayne BelnapAbstract:This review considers the regional scale of impacts arising from disturbance to desert Soil Ecosystems. Deserts occupy over one-third of the Earth’s terrestrial surface, and biological Soil covers are critical to stabilization of desert Soils. Disturbance to these can contribute to massive destabilization and mobilization of dust. This results in dust storms that are transported across inter-continental distances where they have profound negative impacts. Dust deposition at high altitudes causes radiative forcing of snowpack that leads directly to altered hydrological regimes and changes to freshwater biogeochemistry. In marine environments dust deposition impacts phytoplankton diazotrophy, and causes coral reef senescence. Increasingly dust is also recognized as a threat to human health.