Soil Microorganisms

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Jose Javier Pueyo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • water stress responses of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium
    Tree Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Rincon, Fernando Valladares, Teresa E Gimeno, Jose Javier Pueyo
    Abstract:

    Summary Soil Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play crucial roles in plant growth, but their influence on plant water relations remains poorly explored. We studied the effects of native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with the PGPR strain Aur6 of Pseudomonas fluorescenson water stress responses of seedlings of the drought-avoiding Pinus halepensis Mill. and the drought-tolerant Quercus coccifera L. Plant growth, nutrient concentrations and physiology (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs) and predawn shoot water potential (Ψ PD)) were measured in well-watered plants, and in plants under moderate or severe water stress. Inoculation with PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms improved tree growth, and their interactions had either additive or synergistic effects. Both Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly affected by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms. Marked differences in gs and Ψ PD were found between species, confirming that they differ in mechanisms of response to water stress. A complex tree species × treatment interactive response to drought was observed. In P. halepensis, Fv/Fm and ETR were enhanced by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms under well-watered conditions, but the effects of PGPR on Ψ PD and gs were negative during a period of water stress. In Q. coccifera, Fv/Fm and ETR were unaffected or even reduced by inoculation under well-watered conditions, whereas Ψ PD and gs were increased by PGPR during a period of water stress. Our results indicate that microbial asso ciates of roots can significantly influence the response of tree seedlings to drought, but the magnitude and sign of this effect seems to depend on the water-use strategy of the species.

  • water stress responses of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium
    Tree Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Rincon, Fernando Valladares, Teresa E Gimeno, Jose Javier Pueyo
    Abstract:

    Summary Soil Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play crucial roles in plant growth, but their influence on plant water relations remains poorly explored. We studied the effects of native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with the PGPR strain Aur6 of Pseudomonas fluorescenson water stress responses of seedlings of the drought-avoiding Pinus halepensis Mill. and the drought-tolerant Quercus coccifera L. Plant growth, nutrient concentrations and physiology (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs) and predawn shoot water potential (Ψ PD)) were measured in well-watered plants, and in plants under moderate or severe water stress. Inoculation with PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms improved tree growth, and their interactions had either additive or synergistic effects. Both Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly affected by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms. Marked differences in gs and Ψ PD were found between species, confirming that they differ in mechanisms of response to water stress. A complex tree species × treatment interactive response to drought was observed. In P. halepensis, Fv/Fm and ETR were enhanced by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms under well-watered conditions, but the effects of PGPR on Ψ PD and gs were negative during a period of water stress. In Q. coccifera, Fv/Fm and ETR were unaffected or even reduced by inoculation under well-watered conditions, whereas Ψ PD and gs were increased by PGPR during a period of water stress. Our results indicate that microbial asso ciates of roots can significantly influence the response of tree seedlings to drought, but the magnitude and sign of this effect seems to depend on the water-use strategy of the species.

Ana Rincon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • water stress responses of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium
    Tree Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Rincon, Fernando Valladares, Teresa E Gimeno, Jose Javier Pueyo
    Abstract:

    Summary Soil Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play crucial roles in plant growth, but their influence on plant water relations remains poorly explored. We studied the effects of native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with the PGPR strain Aur6 of Pseudomonas fluorescenson water stress responses of seedlings of the drought-avoiding Pinus halepensis Mill. and the drought-tolerant Quercus coccifera L. Plant growth, nutrient concentrations and physiology (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs) and predawn shoot water potential (Ψ PD)) were measured in well-watered plants, and in plants under moderate or severe water stress. Inoculation with PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms improved tree growth, and their interactions had either additive or synergistic effects. Both Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly affected by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms. Marked differences in gs and Ψ PD were found between species, confirming that they differ in mechanisms of response to water stress. A complex tree species × treatment interactive response to drought was observed. In P. halepensis, Fv/Fm and ETR were enhanced by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms under well-watered conditions, but the effects of PGPR on Ψ PD and gs were negative during a period of water stress. In Q. coccifera, Fv/Fm and ETR were unaffected or even reduced by inoculation under well-watered conditions, whereas Ψ PD and gs were increased by PGPR during a period of water stress. Our results indicate that microbial asso ciates of roots can significantly influence the response of tree seedlings to drought, but the magnitude and sign of this effect seems to depend on the water-use strategy of the species.

  • water stress responses of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium
    Tree Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Rincon, Fernando Valladares, Teresa E Gimeno, Jose Javier Pueyo
    Abstract:

    Summary Soil Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play crucial roles in plant growth, but their influence on plant water relations remains poorly explored. We studied the effects of native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with the PGPR strain Aur6 of Pseudomonas fluorescenson water stress responses of seedlings of the drought-avoiding Pinus halepensis Mill. and the drought-tolerant Quercus coccifera L. Plant growth, nutrient concentrations and physiology (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs) and predawn shoot water potential (Ψ PD)) were measured in well-watered plants, and in plants under moderate or severe water stress. Inoculation with PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms improved tree growth, and their interactions had either additive or synergistic effects. Both Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly affected by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms. Marked differences in gs and Ψ PD were found between species, confirming that they differ in mechanisms of response to water stress. A complex tree species × treatment interactive response to drought was observed. In P. halepensis, Fv/Fm and ETR were enhanced by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms under well-watered conditions, but the effects of PGPR on Ψ PD and gs were negative during a period of water stress. In Q. coccifera, Fv/Fm and ETR were unaffected or even reduced by inoculation under well-watered conditions, whereas Ψ PD and gs were increased by PGPR during a period of water stress. Our results indicate that microbial asso ciates of roots can significantly influence the response of tree seedlings to drought, but the magnitude and sign of this effect seems to depend on the water-use strategy of the species.

Nico Eisenhauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • root exudate cocktails the link between plant diversity and Soil Microorganisms
    Ecology and Evolution, 2016
    Co-Authors: Katja Steinauer, Antonis Chatzinotas, Nico Eisenhauer
    Abstract:

    Higher plant diversity is often associated with higher Soil microbial biomass and diversity, which is assumed to be partly due to elevated root exudate diversity. However, there is little experimental evidence that diversity of root exudates shapes Soil microbial communities. We tested whether higher root exudate diversity enhances Soil microbial biomass and diversity in a plant diversity gradient, thereby negating significant plant diversity effects on Soil microbial properties. We set up plant monocultures and two- and three-species mixtures in microcosms using functionally dissimilar plants and Soil of a grassland biodiversity experiment in Germany. Artificial exudate cocktails were added by combining the most common sugars, organic acids, and amino acids found in root exudates. We applied four different exudate cocktails: two exudate diversity levels (low- and high-diversity) and two nutrient-enriched levels (carbon- and nitrogen-enriched), and a control with water only. Soil Microorganisms were more carbon- than nitrogen-limited. Cultivation-independent fingerprinting analysis revealed significantly different Soil microbial communities among exudate diversity treatments. Most notably and according to our hypothesis, adding diverse exudate cocktails negated the significant plant diversity effect on Soil microbial properties. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that root exudate diversity is a crucial link between plant diversity and Soil Microorganisms.

  • Plant diversity effects on Soil Microorganisms: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of plant inputs increase Soil biodiversity
    Pedobiologia, 2016
    Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer
    Abstract:

    Soil Microorganisms are the functional backbone of terrestrial ecosystems. Empirical evidence has accumulated highlighting the role of Soil biodiversity for the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of vital ecosystem services. How can biodiversity in Soil be maintained? Recent plant diversity experiments, intercropping approaches, and monitoring studies suggest that plant diversity is a crucial determinant of Soil biodiversity, underlining the saying ‘biodiversity begets biodiversity’. While local plant diversity is likely to mainly increase the spatial heterogeneity of organic inputs into the Soil, a review paper in this issue utilizes a meta-analysis to investigate temporal plant diversity effects on Soil microbial diversity: Venter and colleagues (2016) compared crop monocultures with crop rotations and studied microbial diversity. Across studies, they found significantly higher microbial diversity in crop rotation than in crop monocultures providing some of the first synthetic empirical evidence of the beneficial effects of temporal heterogeneity in plant inputs into the Soil for Soil Microorganisms. Future studies should investigate how ‘spatial and temporal plant diversity’ effects on Soil biodiversity translate into ecosystem services on which humankind relies.

  • Plant diversity effects on Soil Microorganisms support the singular hypothesis.
    Ecology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer, Holger Beßler, Christof Engels, Gerd Gleixner, Maike Habekost, Alexandru Milcu, Stephan Partsch, Alexander C.w. Sabais, Christoph Scherber, Sibylle Steinbeiss
    Abstract:

    The global decline in biodiversity has generated concern over the consequences for ecosystem functioning and services. Although ecosystem functions driven by Soil Microorganisms such as plant productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling are of particular importance, interrelationships between plant diversity and Soil Microorganisms are poorly understood. We analyzed the response of Soil Microorganisms to variations in plant species richness (1-60) and plant functional group richness (1-4) in an experimental grassland system over a period of six years. Major abiotic and biotic factors were considered for exploring the mechanisms responsible for diversity effects. Further, microbial growth characteristics were assessed following the addition of macronutrients. Effects of plant diversity on Soil Microorganisms were most pronounced in the most diverse plant communities though differences only became established after a time lag of four years. Differences in microbial growth characteristics indicate successional changes from a disturbed (zymogeneous) to an established (autochthonous) microbial community four years after establishment of the experiment. Supporting the singular hypothesis for plant diversity, the results suggest that plant species are unique, each contributing to the functioning of the belowground system. The results reinforce the need for long-term biodiversity experiments to fully appreciate consequences of current biodiversity loss for ecosystem functioning.

Françoise Binet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Responses of active Soil Microorganisms facing to a Soil biostimulant input compared to plant legacy effects
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Eve Hellequin, Cécile Monard, Marion Chorin, Nathalie Le Bris, Virginie Daburon, Olivier Klarzynski, Françoise Binet
    Abstract:

    Agriculture is changing to rely on agroecological practices that take into account biodiversity, and the ecological processes occurring in Soils. The use of agricultural biostimulants has emerged as a valid alternative to chemicals to indirectly sustain plant growth and productivity. Certain BS have been shown to select and stimulate plant beneficial Soil Microorganisms. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects and way of action of the biostimulants operating on Soil functioning as well as on the extent and dynamic of these effects. In this study we aimed to decipher the way of action of a seaweed and amino-acids based biostimulant intended to be applied on Soil crop residues to increase their microbial mineralization and the further release of nutrients. By setting-up a two-phase experiment (Soil plant-growing and Soil incubation), our objectives were to (1) determine the effects of the Soil biostimulant over time on the active Soil bacteria and fungi and the consequences on the organic carbon mineralization in bare Soils, and (2) assess the biostimulant effects on Soil Microorganisms relatively to plant legacy effects in planted Soils. We demonstrated that the Soil biostimulant had a delayed effect on the active Soil Microorganisms and activated both plant growth promoting bacteria and saprophytes Microorganisms at the medium-term of 49 days. However, the changes in the abundances of active microbial decomposers were not associated to a higher mineralization rate of organic carbon derived from Soil and/or litter. The present study assessed the biostimulant beneficial effect on active Soil microbial communities as similar as or even higher than the legacy effects of either A. thaliana or T. aestivum plants. We specifically showed that the biostimulant increased the active fungal richness to a higher extent than observed in Soils that previously grew the two plants tested.

Fernando Valladares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • water stress responses of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium
    Tree Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Rincon, Fernando Valladares, Teresa E Gimeno, Jose Javier Pueyo
    Abstract:

    Summary Soil Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play crucial roles in plant growth, but their influence on plant water relations remains poorly explored. We studied the effects of native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with the PGPR strain Aur6 of Pseudomonas fluorescenson water stress responses of seedlings of the drought-avoiding Pinus halepensis Mill. and the drought-tolerant Quercus coccifera L. Plant growth, nutrient concentrations and physiology (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs) and predawn shoot water potential (Ψ PD)) were measured in well-watered plants, and in plants under moderate or severe water stress. Inoculation with PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms improved tree growth, and their interactions had either additive or synergistic effects. Both Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly affected by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms. Marked differences in gs and Ψ PD were found between species, confirming that they differ in mechanisms of response to water stress. A complex tree species × treatment interactive response to drought was observed. In P. halepensis, Fv/Fm and ETR were enhanced by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms under well-watered conditions, but the effects of PGPR on Ψ PD and gs were negative during a period of water stress. In Q. coccifera, Fv/Fm and ETR were unaffected or even reduced by inoculation under well-watered conditions, whereas Ψ PD and gs were increased by PGPR during a period of water stress. Our results indicate that microbial asso ciates of roots can significantly influence the response of tree seedlings to drought, but the magnitude and sign of this effect seems to depend on the water-use strategy of the species.

  • water stress responses of two mediterranean tree species influenced by native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium
    Tree Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Rincon, Fernando Valladares, Teresa E Gimeno, Jose Javier Pueyo
    Abstract:

    Summary Soil Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), play crucial roles in plant growth, but their influence on plant water relations remains poorly explored. We studied the effects of native Soil Microorganisms and inoculation with the PGPR strain Aur6 of Pseudomonas fluorescenson water stress responses of seedlings of the drought-avoiding Pinus halepensis Mill. and the drought-tolerant Quercus coccifera L. Plant growth, nutrient concentrations and physiology (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs) and predawn shoot water potential (Ψ PD)) were measured in well-watered plants, and in plants under moderate or severe water stress. Inoculation with PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms improved tree growth, and their interactions had either additive or synergistic effects. Both Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly affected by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms. Marked differences in gs and Ψ PD were found between species, confirming that they differ in mechanisms of response to water stress. A complex tree species × treatment interactive response to drought was observed. In P. halepensis, Fv/Fm and ETR were enhanced by PGPR and native Soil Microorganisms under well-watered conditions, but the effects of PGPR on Ψ PD and gs were negative during a period of water stress. In Q. coccifera, Fv/Fm and ETR were unaffected or even reduced by inoculation under well-watered conditions, whereas Ψ PD and gs were increased by PGPR during a period of water stress. Our results indicate that microbial asso ciates of roots can significantly influence the response of tree seedlings to drought, but the magnitude and sign of this effect seems to depend on the water-use strategy of the species.