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Šarauskis Egidijus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of Soil Tillage and sowing systems on sugar beet production under the climatic conditions of Lithuania
    2020
    Co-Authors: Šarauskis Egidijus, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Sakalauskas Antanas, Godlinski Frauke, Schlegel Mathias, Kanswohl Norbert, Jasinskas Algirdas, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    As a result of the advancing globalisation high-quality agricultural products must be produced within ecological and economic parameters. In 2005 to 2007 field experiments on a light loam in central Lithuania were carried out, to determine the effects of four different Soil Tillage and sowing methods on Soil parameters, sowing quality and the main sugar beet production parameters. The four sowing methods were direct drilling, mulch seeding after Tillage with a rotovator, mulch seeding after Tillage with a rotary harrow and conventional drilling. Additionally, laboratory experiments were carried out with traditional shoe coulters and experimental two discs and shoe coulters in a Soil bin, considering Soil conditions and the amount of straw on the Soil surface. To assess the economic performance the power demand, fuel consumption and labour time were evaluated as a function of the different Soil Tillage and sowing methods. In Lithuania similar results can be obtained with mulch and conventional seeding. Best results in terms of the number of plants and beet yields up to 79.1 t ha"1 were achieved using the rotary harrow or rotovator while sowing. In comparison to mulch and direct seeding, conventional seeding resulted in significantly lower Soil water content and Soil bulk density. Methods of Soil preparation without ploughs and mulch and direct seeding resulted in 48 % and 88 % reduced both energy and fuel costs compared to conventional methods. This reveals scope for considerable savings in machine costsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Impact of primary Soil Tillage intensity on maize (Zea mays L.) seedbed formation and productivity parameters
    2020
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus, Adamavičienė Aida, Pilipavičius Vytautas, Avižienytė Dovilė
    Abstract:

    The demonstrational field trials were carried out on a silty loam Soils at the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture (Kaunas reg.) and agricultural farm “Grūduva” (Šakiai reg.) in 2003. The aim of investigations was to establish the influence of primary Soil Tillage intensity on maize seedbed formation, productivity parameters and energy balance of technologies. In both trials Soils were deep ploughed (20-22 cm) with a mouldboard plough “Kverneland” in autumn (control treatment), also shallow loosened with cultivator “Horsch” (5-8 cm, Experimental Station) or disc harrow “Kuhn” (10-12 cm, farm) in autumn. According to the results of investigations, the decrease of primary Soil Tillage intensity had positive influence on maize seedbed moisture content (up to 20-26% in seedbed surface and up to 9-17% in seedbed down) and structural compositions, therefore these influenced on denser crop formation (up to 0.7-0.9 plants m-2). The highest maize productivity parameters were found in the crop of 80 thousand plants per ha but this increased tillering of stems. The increase of crop density up to 120-125 thousand plants per ha decreased average mass of kernels, number of kernels per row of cob and yield of grain. Tillering of stems was not found. In condition of wellbalanced even mineral fertilization the decrease of Soil Tillage intensity had no influence on maize productivity parameters. Organic fertilization was more effective in autumn than in spring, especially in conditions of minimal Soil Tillage. Organic fertilization of maize increased (by 30-35%) input of energy; however, total balance of energy was similar in both Tillage conditions because of yield differenceVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • The influence of biopreparations on the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in shallow and deep Soil Tillage
    2020
    Co-Authors: Naujokienė Vilma, Šarauskis Egidijus, Adamavičienė Aida, Buragienė Sidona, Lekavičienė Kristina, Kriaučiūnienė Zita
    Abstract:

    The application of innovation in agriculture technologies is very important for increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, ensuring the high productivity of plants, production quality, farm profitability, the positive balance of used energy, and the requirements of environmental protection. Therefore, it is a scientific problem that solid and Soil surfaces covered with plant residue have a negative impact on the work, traction resistance, energy consumption, and environmental pollution of Tillage machines. The objective of this work was to determine the dependence of the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 gas emissions on different biopreparations. Experimental research was carried out in a control (SC1) and seven different biopreparations using scenarios (SC2–SC8) using bacterial and non-bacterial biopreparations in different consistencies (with essential and mineral oils, extracts of various grasses and sea algae, phosphorus, potassium, humic and gibberellic acids, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, and calcium), estimating discing and plowing as the energy consumption parameters of shallow and deep Soil Tillage machines, respectively. CO2 emissions were determined by evaluating Soil characteristics (such as hardness, total porosity and density). Meteorological conditions such average daily temperatures (2015–20.3°C; 2016–16.90°C) and precipitations (2015–6.9mm; 2016–114.9mm) during the month strongly influenced different results in 2015 and 2016. Substantial differences between the averages of energy consumption identified in approximately 62% of biological preparation combinations created usage scenarios. Experimental research established that crop field treatments with biological preparations at the beginning of vegetation could reduce the energy consumption of shallow Tillage machines by up to approximately 23%, whereas the energy consumption of deep Tillage could be reduced by up to approximately 19.2%Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Evaluation of Soil Tillage process to improve seedbed preparation and crop density
    2019
    Co-Authors: Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Čekanauskas Sigitas, Butkevičienė, Lina Marija, Masilionytė Laura, Šarauskis Egidijus, Karayel D, Lazauskas, Petras Algimantas
    Abstract:

    The humidity of the Soil and the quality of seedbed preparation is an important factor influencing crop density and early establishment. It largely depends on weather conditions, but partly it can be controlled by Soil management system. Field experiments of different Soil Tillage methods were carried out at Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2009. Treatments involved: 1) direct drilling, 2) shallow ploughing (10 cm depth), and 3) deep ploughing (20 cm depth). In the experiment spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety ‘Simba’ was cultivated. The Soil of experimental site – Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (Drainic). The aim of the research was to estimate the influence of Soil management system on seedbed parameters and crop density. It was estimated, that the highest roughness of the Soil surface (31.8 mm) was, when the Soil was ploughed at 20 cm depth, but contrarily the seedbed roughness was the lowest (15.2 mm). Estimated direct drilling depth was 15.6 mm and in ploughed Soil it was 51.7–57.4 mm. In ploughed Soil at 20 cm depth the seeds were sown too deep – 88.4 % of them were below sowing depth. When direct drilling was used – too shallow – 57.8 % of seeds were above sowing depth. The highest accuracy was estimated in shallow ploughed Soil – 43.8 % of the seeds were at sowing depth. Nevertheless in the dry weather conditions spring barley germinated faster when direct drilling was used, later on, experimental results showed, that spring barley crop density was significantly thinner (180 plants per m2) compared to deep or shallow ploughing, whereas depth of the ploughing did not influence thickness of crop stand: it was 431–445 plants per m2Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Žemdirbystės institutas, Joniškėlio bandymų stotisVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under an intensive and conservation Soil Tillage pattern: II. Crop productivity
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adamavičienė Aida, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus
    Abstract:

    The experiment was conducted with a silty loam (Hipogleyic Luvisol (Calcaric)) at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture during 2004-2005. The Soil was of neutral pH, medium rich in humus, phosphorus and with a low content of potassium. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on sugar beet yield and quality: root ramification, sucrose, sodium, potassium and alpha amino nitrogen contents. The Soil of the trial was tilled (factor A) intensively (loosening, ploughing) (IT) and minimally (conservation Tillage-loosening) (CT). Non-chemical weed control (factor B) was applied: hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); spring barley (SBM), annual ryegrass (ARM), white mustard (WMM), spring oilseed rape (SRM) living mulches and winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of the experiment, at lower temperature and average precipitation vegetation conditions (2004), a significantly higher yield of sugar beet roots was found in intensively tilled Soils. In conditions of higher temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution (2005) we observed converse results. Different Soil Tillage had no significant influence on the quality of the roots; however, sugar beet roots were more ramified in the intensively tilled Soil. The allopathic and choking properties of annual ryegrass decreased sugar beet crop yield, sucrose content and increased the amount of sodium in the roots. The highest sugar beet crop productivity was observed in the following conditions: hand weeded, covered by straw or in the plots with oil seed rape living mulchVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Romaneckas Kęstutis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of Soil Tillage and sowing systems on sugar beet production under the climatic conditions of Lithuania
    2020
    Co-Authors: Šarauskis Egidijus, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Sakalauskas Antanas, Godlinski Frauke, Schlegel Mathias, Kanswohl Norbert, Jasinskas Algirdas, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    As a result of the advancing globalisation high-quality agricultural products must be produced within ecological and economic parameters. In 2005 to 2007 field experiments on a light loam in central Lithuania were carried out, to determine the effects of four different Soil Tillage and sowing methods on Soil parameters, sowing quality and the main sugar beet production parameters. The four sowing methods were direct drilling, mulch seeding after Tillage with a rotovator, mulch seeding after Tillage with a rotary harrow and conventional drilling. Additionally, laboratory experiments were carried out with traditional shoe coulters and experimental two discs and shoe coulters in a Soil bin, considering Soil conditions and the amount of straw on the Soil surface. To assess the economic performance the power demand, fuel consumption and labour time were evaluated as a function of the different Soil Tillage and sowing methods. In Lithuania similar results can be obtained with mulch and conventional seeding. Best results in terms of the number of plants and beet yields up to 79.1 t ha"1 were achieved using the rotary harrow or rotovator while sowing. In comparison to mulch and direct seeding, conventional seeding resulted in significantly lower Soil water content and Soil bulk density. Methods of Soil preparation without ploughs and mulch and direct seeding resulted in 48 % and 88 % reduced both energy and fuel costs compared to conventional methods. This reveals scope for considerable savings in machine costsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Impact of primary Soil Tillage intensity on maize (Zea mays L.) seedbed formation and productivity parameters
    2020
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus, Adamavičienė Aida, Pilipavičius Vytautas, Avižienytė Dovilė
    Abstract:

    The demonstrational field trials were carried out on a silty loam Soils at the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture (Kaunas reg.) and agricultural farm “Grūduva” (Šakiai reg.) in 2003. The aim of investigations was to establish the influence of primary Soil Tillage intensity on maize seedbed formation, productivity parameters and energy balance of technologies. In both trials Soils were deep ploughed (20-22 cm) with a mouldboard plough “Kverneland” in autumn (control treatment), also shallow loosened with cultivator “Horsch” (5-8 cm, Experimental Station) or disc harrow “Kuhn” (10-12 cm, farm) in autumn. According to the results of investigations, the decrease of primary Soil Tillage intensity had positive influence on maize seedbed moisture content (up to 20-26% in seedbed surface and up to 9-17% in seedbed down) and structural compositions, therefore these influenced on denser crop formation (up to 0.7-0.9 plants m-2). The highest maize productivity parameters were found in the crop of 80 thousand plants per ha but this increased tillering of stems. The increase of crop density up to 120-125 thousand plants per ha decreased average mass of kernels, number of kernels per row of cob and yield of grain. Tillering of stems was not found. In condition of wellbalanced even mineral fertilization the decrease of Soil Tillage intensity had no influence on maize productivity parameters. Organic fertilization was more effective in autumn than in spring, especially in conditions of minimal Soil Tillage. Organic fertilization of maize increased (by 30-35%) input of energy; however, total balance of energy was similar in both Tillage conditions because of yield differenceVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under intensive and conservation Soil Tillage: I. Crop weediness
    2019
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Romaneckienė Regina
    Abstract:

    The effect of non-chemical weed control under different Soil Tillage on sugar beet crop weediness was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2004-2005. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on the number and dry mass of weeds in the sugar beet crop. Treatments of the trial were the following: I. Soil Tillage (factor A): 1. intensive (straw loosening, moldboard ploughing; control variant) (IT); 2. conservation (straw loosening) (CT); II. Non-chemical weed control (factor B): 1. hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); 2. spring barley living mulch (SBM); 3. annual ryegrass living mulch (ARM); 4. white mustard living mulch (WMM); 5. spring oilseed rape living mulch (SRM); 6. winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of investigations, in conditions of intensive Soil Tillage the highest choking of weeds was observed by annual ryegrass (ARM) and white mustard (WMM) living mulches. In sugar beet row spaces, which were mulched with winter wheat straw mulch (WSM) there was a large number of weeds but their mass was not high. Conversely, in conservation Soil Tillage conditions the lowest weed infestation and dry mass of weeds were observed in straw mulch (WSM) up to 4 cm. White mustard living mulch (WMM) also influenced weed dry mass decrease though its number was highVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under an intensive and conservation Soil Tillage pattern: II. Crop productivity
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adamavičienė Aida, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus
    Abstract:

    The experiment was conducted with a silty loam (Hipogleyic Luvisol (Calcaric)) at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture during 2004-2005. The Soil was of neutral pH, medium rich in humus, phosphorus and with a low content of potassium. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on sugar beet yield and quality: root ramification, sucrose, sodium, potassium and alpha amino nitrogen contents. The Soil of the trial was tilled (factor A) intensively (loosening, ploughing) (IT) and minimally (conservation Tillage-loosening) (CT). Non-chemical weed control (factor B) was applied: hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); spring barley (SBM), annual ryegrass (ARM), white mustard (WMM), spring oilseed rape (SRM) living mulches and winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of the experiment, at lower temperature and average precipitation vegetation conditions (2004), a significantly higher yield of sugar beet roots was found in intensively tilled Soils. In conditions of higher temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution (2005) we observed converse results. Different Soil Tillage had no significant influence on the quality of the roots; however, sugar beet roots were more ramified in the intensively tilled Soil. The allopathic and choking properties of annual ryegrass decreased sugar beet crop yield, sucrose content and increased the amount of sodium in the roots. The highest sugar beet crop productivity was observed in the following conditions: hand weeded, covered by straw or in the plots with oil seed rape living mulchVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Energy and environment friendly Soil Tillage and sowing : monograph
    Saarbrücken : LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2019
    Co-Authors: Šarauskis Egidijus, Masilionytė Laura, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Buragienė Sidona
    Abstract:

    This monograph presents theoretical and experimental analyses of different intensities of Soil Tillage and sowing technologies, the dynamics of the main physical-mechanical Soil properties and seedbed preparation quality, and sowing, germination, growth, yield and cultivated plant quality parameters The work discusses the construction and operation technological parameters of Tillage machinery, and describes the technological processes of sowing machinery working parts interacting with the Soil and plant residues under the influence of different environmental factors. This book introduces the readers to environmentally friendly and energy saving Tillage and sowing technologies which reduce negative mechanical and chemical impacts on Soil and protects the environment, minimizes labour costs and fuel consumption, reduces the costs of technological operations and reduces CO2 emissions from the Soil and agricultural machineryLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centrasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

V Pilipavicius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • impact of different Tillage methods on silty loam luvisol water content in sugar beet beta vulgaris l crop
    Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013
    Co-Authors: K Romaneckas, Egidijus Sarauskis, Laura Masilionytė, Antanas Sakalauskas, V Pilipavicius
    Abstract:

    The regulation of water regime in the Soil is the most important task in semi-humid climate with not even precipitation distribution conditions. Reduced or minimum Tillage may change Soil hydrological properties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibilities to manage Soil water regime during the whole Soil Tillage system for sugar beet, which are especially sensitive for water deficit or abundance. Five field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture (Aleksandras Stulginskis University since 2011) (54°52'N, 23°49'E) during 1995-2010. The Soil of the experiments was silty loam Luvisol. In this study we highlighted the reduction of primary Soil Tillage from deep annual Soil ploughing to shallow ploughing, deep and shallow cultivation and no till, comparison of Soil ploughing and subSoiling, presowing ploughed or unploughed Soil Tillage with different cultivators—S-tine, complex, rotary and others, Soil compressing with Cambridge and spur rollers before and after sugar beet sowing investigations. According to the results of experiments, reduction of primary Soil Tillage conserved Soil water. The highest storage of Soil water in spring was observed in non-reversibly tilled or not tilled Soil. SubSoiling led higher water infiltration rate, and top layer of subSoiled Soil consisted less moisture content than ploughed. Sugar beet seedbed moisture mostly depended on Soil Tillage intensity and depth. Presowing rotary tilling was the top Tillage method in the case of water preservation in ploughed or unploughed Soil. Soil compressing with rollers mostly had negative or low influence on light loam Luvisol moisture content. Rolling with Cambridge roller effected on more rapid water transport from deeper to top sugar beet seedbed layers and higher evaporation rate.

  • non chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under intensive and conservation Soil Tillage i crop weediness
    Agronomy research, 2009
    Co-Authors: K Romaneckas, R Romaneckiene, V Pilipavicius
    Abstract:

    The effect of non-chemical weed control under different Soil Tillage on sugar beet crop weediness was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2004-2005. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on the number and dry mass of weeds in the sugar beet crop. Treatments of the trial were the following: I. Soil Tillage (factor A): 1. intensive (straw loosening, moldboard ploughing; control variant) (IT); 2. conservation (straw loosening) (CT); II. Non-chemical weed control (factor B): 1. hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); 2. spring barley living mulch (SBM); 3. annual ryegrass living mulch (ARM); 4. white mustard living mulch (WMM); 5. spring oilseed rape living mulch (SRM); 6. winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of investigations, in conditions of intensive Soil Tillage the highest choking of weeds was observed by annual ryegrass (ARM) and white mustard (WMM) living mulches. In sugar beet row spaces, which were mulched with winter wheat straw mulch (WSM) there was a large number of weeds but their mass was not high. Conversely, in conservation Soil Tillage conditions the lowest weed infestation and dry mass of weeds were observed in straw mulch (WSM) up to 4 cm. White mustard living mulch (WMM) also influenced weed dry mass decrease though its number was high.

  • non chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under an intensive and conservation Soil Tillage pattern ii crop productivity
    Agronomy research, 2009
    Co-Authors: A Adamaviciene, K Romaneckas, Egidijus Sarauskis, V Pilipavicius
    Abstract:

    The experiment was conducted with a silty loam (Hipogleyic Luvisol (Calcaric)) at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture during 2004-2005. The Soil was of neutral pH, medium rich in humus, phosphorus and with a low content of potassium. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on sugar beet yield and quality: root ramification, sucrose, sodium, potassium and alpha amino nitrogen contents. The Soil of the trial was tilled (factor A) intensively (loosening, ploughing) (IT) and minimally (conservation Tillage - loosening) (CT). Non-chemical weed control (factor B) was applied: hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); spring barley (SBM), annual ryegrass (ARM), white mustard (WMM), spring oilseed rape (SRM) living mulches and winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of the experiment, at lower temperature and average precipitation vegetation conditions (2004), a significantly higher yield of sugar beet roots was found in intensively tilled Soils. In conditions of higher temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution (2005) we observed converse results. Different Soil Tillage had no significant influence on the quality of the roots; however, sugar beet roots were more ramified in the intensively tilled Soil. The allopathic and choking properties of annual ryegrass decreased sugar beet crop yield, sucrose content and increased the amount of sodium in the roots. The highest sugar beet crop productivity was observed in the following conditions: hand weeded, covered by straw or in the plots with oil seed rape living mulch.

  • the effect of conservation primary and zero Tillage on Soil bulk density water content sugar beet growth and weed infestation
    Agronomy research, 2009
    Co-Authors: K Romaneckas, R Romaneckiene, V Pilipavicius, Egidijus Sarauskis, Antanas Sakalauskas
    Abstract:

    The effect of different conservation primary Soil Tillage on sugar beet was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2001 - 2006. The aim of the trial was to establish the influence of reduced Soil Tillage intensity on some Soil physical properties, sugar beet yield and quality, and weed infestation. Treatments of the trial: 1. conventional (22-25 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (CP); 2. shallow (12-15 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (SP); 3.deep (25-30 cm) cultivation with a chisel cultivator (DC); 4. shallow (10-12 cm) loosening with a disc harrow (SL); 5. zero Tillage (ZT). Reduction of primary Soil Tillage intensity increased the amount of moisture and level of Soil bulk density in the Soil upper layer (0-10 cm). According to the average data of 2001-2006, the highest amounts of moisture and Soil bulk density were observed in no tilled Soil (ZT) before pre-sowing Soil Tillage (25.8% and 1.40 Mg m -3 ) and after sowing until sugar beet germination (23.6% and 1.40 Mg m -3 ). Soil Tillage intensity had no significant influence on Soil moisture content and bulk density in a deeper (10-20 cm) layer. Sugar beet seed germination in shallow loosened Soil (SL) was higher in comparison with control treatment (CP) fourfold per 6 years; this influence was significant in two experimental years. Average data showed that germination of directly sowed seeds was less by 37% in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Reducing of Soil Tillage intensity to zero Tillage had no significant influence on sugar beet yield, ramification and sucrose content of root-crop. The reduction of Soil Tillage intensity and refusal to use full-scale herbicides had negative, but not significant influence on weed infestation in the sugar beet crop, except in the no-Tillage pattern. The data of the beginning of the second rotation showed a significantly higher number of annual (32%) and all (29%) weeds in no-tilled (ZT) Soil in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Generally, the number of weed species increased from 22 to 26. The number of Chenopodium album increased from 11.3 to 22.1, Poa annua - from 5.6 to 14.2, Taraxacum officinalis - from 0.66 to 6.1 plants per m 2 . Elytrigia repens became a widespread weed.

K Romaneckas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • impact of different Tillage methods on silty loam luvisol water content in sugar beet beta vulgaris l crop
    Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013
    Co-Authors: K Romaneckas, Egidijus Sarauskis, Laura Masilionytė, Antanas Sakalauskas, V Pilipavicius
    Abstract:

    The regulation of water regime in the Soil is the most important task in semi-humid climate with not even precipitation distribution conditions. Reduced or minimum Tillage may change Soil hydrological properties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibilities to manage Soil water regime during the whole Soil Tillage system for sugar beet, which are especially sensitive for water deficit or abundance. Five field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture (Aleksandras Stulginskis University since 2011) (54°52'N, 23°49'E) during 1995-2010. The Soil of the experiments was silty loam Luvisol. In this study we highlighted the reduction of primary Soil Tillage from deep annual Soil ploughing to shallow ploughing, deep and shallow cultivation and no till, comparison of Soil ploughing and subSoiling, presowing ploughed or unploughed Soil Tillage with different cultivators—S-tine, complex, rotary and others, Soil compressing with Cambridge and spur rollers before and after sugar beet sowing investigations. According to the results of experiments, reduction of primary Soil Tillage conserved Soil water. The highest storage of Soil water in spring was observed in non-reversibly tilled or not tilled Soil. SubSoiling led higher water infiltration rate, and top layer of subSoiled Soil consisted less moisture content than ploughed. Sugar beet seedbed moisture mostly depended on Soil Tillage intensity and depth. Presowing rotary tilling was the top Tillage method in the case of water preservation in ploughed or unploughed Soil. Soil compressing with rollers mostly had negative or low influence on light loam Luvisol moisture content. Rolling with Cambridge roller effected on more rapid water transport from deeper to top sugar beet seedbed layers and higher evaporation rate.

  • impact of conventional and sustainable Soil Tillage and sowing technologies on physical mechanical Soil properties
    Environmental Research Engineering and Management, 2009
    Co-Authors: Egidijus Sarauskis, K Romaneckas, Sidona Buragienė
    Abstract:

    Application of sustainable Tillage and sowing technologies are rapidly increasing all over the world stimulating an interest in new technologies and their possibilities to reduce an impact of agricultural machinery on natural processes in Lithuania. This work aims to investigate the impact of different Soil Tillage and sowing technologies on physical-mechanical Soil properties. Research was carried out in the periods of 2000-2002 and 2005-2007 in three Lithuanian districts with different Soil properties: Kaunas, Marijampolė and Pasvalys. The interest was concentrated on the impact of conventional and sustainable Soil Tillage and sowing technologies on Soil hardness, Soil moisture and distribution of clods in the upper Soil layers. The experimental studies have established that irrespective of Soil heaviness, Soil hardness in nonploughed Soils is greater than that after conventional ploughing. The increasing Soil hardness changes the conditions for seed insertion into Soil. Research results show that under Lithuanian conditions reduction in Soil Tillage intensity can save a considerably higher amount of Soil moisture, which enables the improvement of seed germination. Analysis of clods distribution in the upper Soil layers (< 15 mm) shows that the quantity of fine (< 2 mm) clods in non-ploughed Soil is lower than that in the ploughed one which reduces the crust formation on the Soil surface and the possible consequences of Soil erosion.

  • non chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under intensive and conservation Soil Tillage i crop weediness
    Agronomy research, 2009
    Co-Authors: K Romaneckas, R Romaneckiene, V Pilipavicius
    Abstract:

    The effect of non-chemical weed control under different Soil Tillage on sugar beet crop weediness was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2004-2005. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on the number and dry mass of weeds in the sugar beet crop. Treatments of the trial were the following: I. Soil Tillage (factor A): 1. intensive (straw loosening, moldboard ploughing; control variant) (IT); 2. conservation (straw loosening) (CT); II. Non-chemical weed control (factor B): 1. hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); 2. spring barley living mulch (SBM); 3. annual ryegrass living mulch (ARM); 4. white mustard living mulch (WMM); 5. spring oilseed rape living mulch (SRM); 6. winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of investigations, in conditions of intensive Soil Tillage the highest choking of weeds was observed by annual ryegrass (ARM) and white mustard (WMM) living mulches. In sugar beet row spaces, which were mulched with winter wheat straw mulch (WSM) there was a large number of weeds but their mass was not high. Conversely, in conservation Soil Tillage conditions the lowest weed infestation and dry mass of weeds were observed in straw mulch (WSM) up to 4 cm. White mustard living mulch (WMM) also influenced weed dry mass decrease though its number was high.

  • non chemical weed control in sugar beet crop under an intensive and conservation Soil Tillage pattern ii crop productivity
    Agronomy research, 2009
    Co-Authors: A Adamaviciene, K Romaneckas, Egidijus Sarauskis, V Pilipavicius
    Abstract:

    The experiment was conducted with a silty loam (Hipogleyic Luvisol (Calcaric)) at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture during 2004-2005. The Soil was of neutral pH, medium rich in humus, phosphorus and with a low content of potassium. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of Soil Tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on sugar beet yield and quality: root ramification, sucrose, sodium, potassium and alpha amino nitrogen contents. The Soil of the trial was tilled (factor A) intensively (loosening, ploughing) (IT) and minimally (conservation Tillage - loosening) (CT). Non-chemical weed control (factor B) was applied: hand weeding, twice (control variant) (HW); spring barley (SBM), annual ryegrass (ARM), white mustard (WMM), spring oilseed rape (SRM) living mulches and winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of the experiment, at lower temperature and average precipitation vegetation conditions (2004), a significantly higher yield of sugar beet roots was found in intensively tilled Soils. In conditions of higher temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution (2005) we observed converse results. Different Soil Tillage had no significant influence on the quality of the roots; however, sugar beet roots were more ramified in the intensively tilled Soil. The allopathic and choking properties of annual ryegrass decreased sugar beet crop yield, sucrose content and increased the amount of sodium in the roots. The highest sugar beet crop productivity was observed in the following conditions: hand weeded, covered by straw or in the plots with oil seed rape living mulch.

  • the effect of conservation primary and zero Tillage on Soil bulk density water content sugar beet growth and weed infestation
    Agronomy research, 2009
    Co-Authors: K Romaneckas, R Romaneckiene, V Pilipavicius, Egidijus Sarauskis, Antanas Sakalauskas
    Abstract:

    The effect of different conservation primary Soil Tillage on sugar beet was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2001 - 2006. The aim of the trial was to establish the influence of reduced Soil Tillage intensity on some Soil physical properties, sugar beet yield and quality, and weed infestation. Treatments of the trial: 1. conventional (22-25 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (CP); 2. shallow (12-15 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (SP); 3.deep (25-30 cm) cultivation with a chisel cultivator (DC); 4. shallow (10-12 cm) loosening with a disc harrow (SL); 5. zero Tillage (ZT). Reduction of primary Soil Tillage intensity increased the amount of moisture and level of Soil bulk density in the Soil upper layer (0-10 cm). According to the average data of 2001-2006, the highest amounts of moisture and Soil bulk density were observed in no tilled Soil (ZT) before pre-sowing Soil Tillage (25.8% and 1.40 Mg m -3 ) and after sowing until sugar beet germination (23.6% and 1.40 Mg m -3 ). Soil Tillage intensity had no significant influence on Soil moisture content and bulk density in a deeper (10-20 cm) layer. Sugar beet seed germination in shallow loosened Soil (SL) was higher in comparison with control treatment (CP) fourfold per 6 years; this influence was significant in two experimental years. Average data showed that germination of directly sowed seeds was less by 37% in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Reducing of Soil Tillage intensity to zero Tillage had no significant influence on sugar beet yield, ramification and sucrose content of root-crop. The reduction of Soil Tillage intensity and refusal to use full-scale herbicides had negative, but not significant influence on weed infestation in the sugar beet crop, except in the no-Tillage pattern. The data of the beginning of the second rotation showed a significantly higher number of annual (32%) and all (29%) weeds in no-tilled (ZT) Soil in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Generally, the number of weed species increased from 22 to 26. The number of Chenopodium album increased from 11.3 to 22.1, Poa annua - from 5.6 to 14.2, Taraxacum officinalis - from 0.66 to 6.1 plants per m 2 . Elytrigia repens became a widespread weed.

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  • Effects of Soil Tillage and sowing systems on sugar beet production under the climatic conditions of Lithuania
    2020
    Co-Authors: Šarauskis Egidijus, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Sakalauskas Antanas, Godlinski Frauke, Schlegel Mathias, Kanswohl Norbert, Jasinskas Algirdas, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    As a result of the advancing globalisation high-quality agricultural products must be produced within ecological and economic parameters. In 2005 to 2007 field experiments on a light loam in central Lithuania were carried out, to determine the effects of four different Soil Tillage and sowing methods on Soil parameters, sowing quality and the main sugar beet production parameters. The four sowing methods were direct drilling, mulch seeding after Tillage with a rotovator, mulch seeding after Tillage with a rotary harrow and conventional drilling. Additionally, laboratory experiments were carried out with traditional shoe coulters and experimental two discs and shoe coulters in a Soil bin, considering Soil conditions and the amount of straw on the Soil surface. To assess the economic performance the power demand, fuel consumption and labour time were evaluated as a function of the different Soil Tillage and sowing methods. In Lithuania similar results can be obtained with mulch and conventional seeding. Best results in terms of the number of plants and beet yields up to 79.1 t ha"1 were achieved using the rotary harrow or rotovator while sowing. In comparison to mulch and direct seeding, conventional seeding resulted in significantly lower Soil water content and Soil bulk density. Methods of Soil preparation without ploughs and mulch and direct seeding resulted in 48 % and 88 % reduced both energy and fuel costs compared to conventional methods. This reveals scope for considerable savings in machine costsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Impact of primary Soil Tillage intensity on maize (Zea mays L.) seedbed formation and productivity parameters
    2020
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus, Adamavičienė Aida, Pilipavičius Vytautas, Avižienytė Dovilė
    Abstract:

    The demonstrational field trials were carried out on a silty loam Soils at the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture (Kaunas reg.) and agricultural farm “Grūduva” (Šakiai reg.) in 2003. The aim of investigations was to establish the influence of primary Soil Tillage intensity on maize seedbed formation, productivity parameters and energy balance of technologies. In both trials Soils were deep ploughed (20-22 cm) with a mouldboard plough “Kverneland” in autumn (control treatment), also shallow loosened with cultivator “Horsch” (5-8 cm, Experimental Station) or disc harrow “Kuhn” (10-12 cm, farm) in autumn. According to the results of investigations, the decrease of primary Soil Tillage intensity had positive influence on maize seedbed moisture content (up to 20-26% in seedbed surface and up to 9-17% in seedbed down) and structural compositions, therefore these influenced on denser crop formation (up to 0.7-0.9 plants m-2). The highest maize productivity parameters were found in the crop of 80 thousand plants per ha but this increased tillering of stems. The increase of crop density up to 120-125 thousand plants per ha decreased average mass of kernels, number of kernels per row of cob and yield of grain. Tillering of stems was not found. In condition of wellbalanced even mineral fertilization the decrease of Soil Tillage intensity had no influence on maize productivity parameters. Organic fertilization was more effective in autumn than in spring, especially in conditions of minimal Soil Tillage. Organic fertilization of maize increased (by 30-35%) input of energy; however, total balance of energy was similar in both Tillage conditions because of yield differenceVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • The effect of conservation primary and zero Tillage on Soil bulk density, water content, sugar beet growth and weed infestation
    2019
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus, Pilipavičius Vytautas, Romaneckienė Regina, Sakalauskas Antanas
    Abstract:

    The effect of different conservation primary Soil Tillage on sugar beet was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2001 - 2006. The aim of the trial was to establish the influence of reduced Soil Tillage intensity on some Soil physical properties, sugar beet yield and quality, and weed infestation. Treatments of the trial: 1. conventional (22-25 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough (CP); 2. shallow (12-15 cm) ploughing with a mouldboard plough >SP); 3.deep (25-30 cm) cultivation with a chisel cultivator (DC); 4. shallow (10-12 cm) loosening with a disc harrow (SL); 5. zero Tillage (ZT). Reduction of primary Soil Tillage intensity increased the amount of moisture and level of Soil bulk density in the Soil upper layer (0-10 cm). According to the average data of 2001-2006, the highest amounts of moisture and Soil bulk density were observed in no tilled Soil (ZT) before pre-sowing Soil Tillage (25.8% and 1.40 Mg m'3) and after sowing until sugar beet germination (23.6% and 1.40 Mg m"3). Soil Tillage intensity had no significant influence on Soil moisture content and bulk density in a deeper (10-20 cm) layer. Sugar beet seed germination in shallow loosened Soil (SL) was higher in comparison with control treatment (CP) fourfold per 6 years; this influence was significant in two experimental years. Average data showed that germination of directly sowed seeds was less by 37% in comparison with conventional ploughing (CP). Reducing of Soil Tillage intensity to zero Tillage had no significant influence on sugar beet yield, ramification and sucrose content of root-crop. The reduction of Soil Tillage intensity and refusal to use full-scale herbicides had negative, but not significant influence on weed infestation in the sugar beet crop, except in the no-Tillage patternVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Impact of Different Tillage Methods on Silty Loam Luvisol Water Content in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Crop
    'Scientific Research Publishing Inc.', 2017
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Masilionytė Laura, Šarauskis Egidijus, Sakalauskas Antanas, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    The regulation of water regime in the Soil is the most important task in semi-humid climate with not even precipitation distribution conditions. Reduced or minimum Tillage may change Soil hydrological properties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibilities to manage Soil water regime during the whole Soil Tillage system for sugar beet, which are especially sensitive for water deficit or abundance. Five field experiments were carried out at the Ex-perimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture (Aleksandras Stulginskis University since 2011) (54°52'N, 23°49'E) during 1995-2010. The Soil of the experiments was silty loam Luvisol. In this study we highlighted the reduction of primary Soil Tillage from deep annual Soil ploughing to shallow ploughing, deep and shallow cultivation and no till, comparison of Soil ploughing and subSoiling, presowing ploughed or unploughed Soil Tillage with different cultivators—S-tine, complex, rotary and others, Soil compressing with Cambridge and spur rollers before and after sugar beet sowing investigations. According to the results of experiments, reduction of primary Soil Tillage conserved Soil water. The highest storage of Soil water in spring was observed in non-reversibly tilled or not tilled Soil. SubSoiling led higher water infiltration rate, and top layer of subSoiled Soil consisted less moisture content than ploughed. Sugar beet seedbed moisture mostly depended on Soil Tillage intensity and depth. Presowing rotary tilling was the top Tillage method in the case of water preservation in ploughed or unploughed Soil. Soil compressing with rollers mostly had negative or low influence on light loam Luvisol moisture content. Rolling with Cambridge roller effected on more rapid water transport from deeper to top sugar beet seedbed layers and higher evaporation rateVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij