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Kazuyoshi Hosaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Solanum Demissum chromosomes on crossability in the backcross progeny to Solanum tuberosum
Euphytica, 2018Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Hosaka, Rena SanetomoAbstract:A balance of maternal and paternal genetic factors, conceptually named the endosperm balance number (EBN), is required for normal endosperm development in interspecific crosses in potato. We previously found that Solanum Demissum (D), a hexaploid wild species widely used in potato breeding, has a slightly lower EBN than S. tuberosum (T). To explore the genetic nature of the EBN, the berry-setting rate, seed number/berry, and seed weight were evaluated in BC1 [(D × T) × T] plants, each possessing different portions of the S. Demissum chromosomes, by reciprocal crosses with D and T, and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed. At least 99 S. Demissum-derived QTLs were detected, of which 29 were associated with differential responses to D and T. Three QTLs were possibly co-localized on chromosomes 7A and 10D1, while the remaining 23 QTLs were independently located. The QTLs in the three S. Demissum homoeologous chromosomes exhibited three types of interaction: (1) positive, (2) negative, and (3) one positive and one negative effect on the same trait. We found that several major genes, one of which was localized in the S. Demissum chromosome 9A, and many minor genes controlled the crossability of BC1 plants. The QTLs responsible for the differential responses to D and T were different between the BC1 plants used as male and female parents, indicating that different genes control the male and female EBNs. Consequently, we conclude that the EBN is represented by the sum of various genetic effects controlled by a large number of genes.
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genetic transmission of Solanum Demissum 2n 6x 72 chromosomes from a pentaploid hybrid of s tuberosum 2n 4x 48 into the aneuploid bc1 progeny
Euphytica, 2016Co-Authors: Seijiro Ono, Rena Sanetomo, Kazuyoshi HosakaAbstract:Solanum Demissum is a homozygous, hexaploid wild species (2n = 6x = 72, AADDDdDd) that has long been used as a source of late blight resistance by repeated backcrossing with S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48, AAAtAt). To understand how S. Demissum germplasm is incorporated to S. tuberosum through backcrosses, a linkage analysis of 590 DNA markers from S. Demissum-specific simplex alleles was performed in an aneuploid population of 87 BC1 plants. Five hundred eighty-one markers were mapped to 38 linkage groups, of which 37 were assigned to potato chromosomes using markers of known location. Three homoeologous chromosomes were distinguished for each of the 12 potato chromosomes. Approximately 50 % of the markers were transmitted to the BC1 progeny except for chromosomes 2c, 3b and 6c, which were significantly under-represented. Two of the three homeologous chromosomes in at least nine of the chromosomes were transmitted to the BC1 progeny with negative correlations, which demonstrated that the two homeologous chromosomes paired at meiosis in the F1 parent then separated into different gametes. Therefore, we suggest that the two negatively correlated chromosomes were the slightly differentiated genomes cytologically designated D and Dd genomes, while the remaining one was the one cytologically designated A genome of S. Demissum. The S. Demissum genome map will be useful in analyzing intra-locus interaction of qualitative and quantitative traits among homoeologous chromosomes and analyzing allelic variation of homeolog expression.
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Genetic transmission of Solanum Demissum (2n = 6x = 72) chromosomes from a pentaploid hybrid of S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48) into the aneuploid BC1 progeny
Euphytica, 2015Co-Authors: Seijiro Ono, Rena Sanetomo, Kazuyoshi HosakaAbstract:Solanum Demissum is a homozygous, hexaploid wild species (2n = 6x = 72, AADDDdDd) that has long been used as a source of late blight resistance by repeated backcrossing with S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48, AAAtAt). To understand how S. Demissum germplasm is incorporated to S. tuberosum through backcrosses, a linkage analysis of 590 DNA markers from S. Demissum-specific simplex alleles was performed in an aneuploid population of 87 BC1 plants. Five hundred eighty-one markers were mapped to 38 linkage groups, of which 37 were assigned to potato chromosomes using markers of known location. Three homoeologous chromosomes were distinguished for each of the 12 potato chromosomes. Approximately 50 % of the markers were transmitted to the BC1 progeny except for chromosomes 2c, 3b and 6c, which were significantly under-represented. Two of the three homeologous chromosomes in at least nine of the chromosomes were transmitted to the BC1 progeny with negative correlations, which demonstrated that the two homeologous chromosomes paired at meiosis in the F1 parent then separated into different gametes. Therefore, we suggest that the two negatively correlated chromosomes were the slightly differentiated genomes cytologically designated D and Dd genomes, while the remaining one was the one cytologically designated A genome of S. Demissum. The S. Demissum genome map will be useful in analyzing intra-locus interaction of qualitative and quantitative traits among homoeologous chromosomes and analyzing allelic variation of homeolog expression.
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Cytoplasmic diversity in potato breeding: case study from the International Potato Center
Molecular Breeding, 2015Co-Authors: E. Mihovilovich, Kazuyoshi Hosaka, Rena Sanetomo, Benny Ordoñez, Mariela Aponte, M. BonierbaleAbstract:We analyzed the cytoplasmic diversity of CIP potato breeding germplasm. Cytoplasm types were assigned to 978 genotypes consisting of 265 foreign accessions used as input germplasm, 642 breeding lines developed by CIP, and 71 varieties released from CIP material. We found T (45 %), D (38 %), and W (11 %) to be the most frequent cytoplasm types in CIP breeding germplasm. Comparing the initial input germplasm to CIP breeding lines, the frequency of T-type cytoplasm decreased from 64 to 38 %, while those of D- and W-type cytoplasms increased from 26 to 41 % and from 6 to 14 %, respectively. We conclude that the CIP breeding program, as many others worldwide, has experienced a genetic bottleneck in terms of cytoplasmic diversity due to the unintended and continuous use of cytoplasmic-based male-sterile maternal lineages derived from Solanum Demissum and S. stoloniferum in parental line and variety development. Nonetheless, the finding of male-fertile T-type breeding lines must have alleviated the problem to a certain extent, thus enabling CIP breeding progress.
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A maternally inherited DNA marker, descended from Solanum Demissum (2n = 6x = 72) to S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48).
Breeding science, 2011Co-Authors: Rena Sanetomo, Kazuyoshi HosakaAbstract:A Mexican hexaploid wild potato species, Solanum Demissum (dms), was only used as a female in previous breeding programs. The resulting clones with dms cytoplasm produced abundant, but non-functional pollen. A 170 bp DNA fragment, named Band 1, was originally detected in the F1 hybrid between dms and S. tuberosum. In this study, the sequenced region was extended to 1,032 bp; nevertheless, it did not show any homology to known sequences. This extended region harboring Band 1 was, without introns, all transcribed to mRNA and was maternally inherited from dms to S. tuberosum through backcrosses. Three dms accessions, 168 accessions of 38 cultivated and closely related wild species, and 158 varieties and breeding lines were surveyed, which demonstrated that Band 1 was specific to dms and varieties and breeding lines with dms cytoplasm. Thus, Band 1 is a useful marker to distinguish dms cytoplasm, which enables us to design efficient mating combinations in breeding programs.
J Helder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbohydrate metabolism in tuberizing stolon tips of the strictly short day dependent potato species Solanum Demissum lindl
Plant Biology, 1999Co-Authors: J Helder, D VreugdenhilAbstract:: Tuber formation in the strictly short day-dependent potato species Solanum Demissum Lindi. was studied. In order to accurately determine the developmental stage of individual stolon tips, a reliable parameter describing tuber formation is defined. Dry matter percentage of stolon tips was highly correlated with starch concentration and with swelling of the stoIon tips, independent of plant age and stolon diameter. Based on this parameter, changes in carbohydrate metabolism during the initial stages of tuber formation were analyzed. Glucose and fructose levels decreased significantly upon tuber formation. This decrease could be explained by a change in sucrose hydrolysis, dominated by acid invertases before tuber formation, and by sucrose synthase afterwards. A model of the temporal and spatial changes in sucrose unloading and hydrolysis in swelling stolon tips is discussed. The observed changes in carbohydrate metabolism are similar to changes observed in a simplified in vitro system, indicating that such model systems adequately reflect tuber development in intact plants.
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Knolvorming bij aardappelplanten. Rol van jasmijnzuren onderzocht.
1994Co-Authors: J HelderAbstract:Uit bladanalyse van knolvormende en knolloze Solanum Demissum planten blijkt dat gehydroxyleerde jasmijnzuren vrijwel zeker betrokken zijn bij de knolvorming in aardappelplanten. Daarmee is een onderzoekspad aangegeven waarlangs sturing van knolvorming verwezenlijkt zou kunnen worden
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Tuber formation in the wild potato species Solanum Demissum Lindl.
1994Co-Authors: J HelderAbstract:1. How does a potato plant form tubers? Potato plants produce sexual multiplication and survival structures, true seeds, and asexual multiplication and survival bodies, tubers. Berries of the potato plant contain a large number of minute seeds. Relatively large tubers are formed in the soil in the subapical part of the stolons. The genetically heterogeneous seeds of a potato plant will spread in a larger area than its tubers, whose radius of spread is restricted by the length of the stolons. Potato tubers from one plant are genetically identical (to each other and to the mother plant) and reside in the soil, a relatively sheltered environment. Contrary to germinating seeds, the sprouts on a potato tuber have access to a relatively large quantity of storage food. A potato plant invests a lot of dry matter into the tubers. Apparently, tubers are, apart from being a valuable agricultural product, important structures for the potato plant itself. In this thesis 1 focused on tuber induction (Chapters 2 and 3), and changes in sucrose metabolism in stolon tips as a result of tuber induction (Chapters 4, 5 and 6).A series of long nights and a relatively low night temperature favour tuber induction in tuber- forming Solanum species. As a result of exposure to these conditions a potato plant synthesizes a (set of) compound(s) in the leaves, which is (are) transported basipetally to the stolon tips. During the last thirty years, it was surmised that this (set of) compound(s) consisted of a (mix of) classical plant hormones. However, no (mix of) plant hormone(s) could be identified as the tuber inducing principle yet.The starting point for this research project was the finding of Struik et al. (1987) that tuber inducing activity is present in extracellular extracts from leaflets of tuber-bearing Solanum tuberosum plants. An important indication that this activity is related to tuber induction would be its absence in non-tuber-bearing plants from the same age. However, tuber formation in commercial West-European S. tuberosum cultivars cannot be prevented by a simple shortening of the nightlength. Therefore, it was decided to switch to a wild Solanum species that only forms tubers under short-day conditions. S.Demissum, a Mexican Solanum species which habits resemble S.tuberosum, meets this prerequisite. Tubers are formed when plants are exposed to 10 h daylength, whereas no tuber formation is observed when the daylength is extended to 16 h. 2. The role of (hydroxylated) jasmonic acids in tuber induction Yoshihara, et al. (1989) isolated and characterized a substance from leaves of tuber-bearing potato plants (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Irish Cobbler) which they called 'tuberonic acid'. 'Tuberonic acid' is a glucoside of 12-hydroxy-jasmonic acid (12-OH-JA). This finding prompted us to investigate whether the tuber-inducing activity found in extracts from potato leaflets could be attributed to the presence of 'tuberonic acid'. Assuming 'tuberonic acid' to be involved in tuber induction, it is to be expected that this substance is absent in leaflets from non- tuber-bearing S.Demissum plants.Extracts of leaflets from S.Demissum plants grown under long- (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions were analyzed. The aglycon of 'tuberonic acid', not its glucoside, was detected in leaflets from SD plants. Moreover, a second hydroxylated jasmonic acid was detected: 11-OH-JA. It was the first time that this compound was detected in higher plants (Chapter 2). As a native substance it was detected before in a fungus, Botryodiplodia theobromae, by Miersch et al. (1991). Because no deuterated hydroxylated JAs were available, we could not determine the absolute concentrations of 11- and (12-OH-JA). in SD leaflets. However, the level of 11-OH-JA of SD leaflets was higher than the (12-OH-JA). level. No hydroxylated JAs were detected in LD leaflets.Hydroxylated JAs are metabolization products of JA. The CA concentrations in LD and SD leaflets did not differ significantly. Hence, tuber induction in S.Demissum is correlated with the hydroxylation of CA A number of diurnal cycles of long nights and relatively cool temperatures will finally result in either the formation or activation of CA hydroxylating enzymes or the neutralization of the spatial separation between enzyme and substrate.Whether hydroxylated JAs are causally related to tuber induction remains to be proven. CA was found to induce the formation of tubers on S.Demissum explants in vitro . Hydroxylated JAs could not be tested because only minute amounts of these substances were available. The reason why CA itself is apparently not involved in tuber induction inplanta could be its apolarity. Apolarity prevents basipetal transport of a compound via the phloem. Hydroxylated JAs can be easily glycosylated, and become transportable. This hypothesis is only apparently conflicting with the observation that CA can induce tuber formation in vitro. In the bioassay, stem pieces with axillary buds were placed in the JA-containing, solidified nutrient medium, so no transport of CA via the phloem was needed. 3. Reception of a tuber-inducing substance in a stolon tip Tuber induction in potato plants is irregular: only a subset of the stolon tips available will start to swell subapically after exposure to tuber-inducing conditions. The vasculature of potato plants excludes the possibility that a subset of stolon tips would be solely connected with a certain subset of leaves that does or does not synthesize a tuber-inducing signal. Nevertheless, this misconception persists in the literature.We monitored external characteristics of 841 stolon tips from 6 plants exposed to SD conditions. It was investigated whether a correlation could be found between subapical swelling and branching order, stolon and stolon-branch age, longitudinal growth rates of stolons and stolon branches, and attachment of the stolon to the main stem. No correlation was found between tuber formation and one of these external characteristics (Chapter 3). It is concluded that tuber initiation in S.Demissum depends on metabolic or hormonal conditions in stolons or stolon branches, which are insufficiently reflected in external characteristics of these stolons or stolon branches to indicate the change of longitudinal growth into radial growth. 4. Tuber induction and concomitant changes in sucrose metabolism in stolon tips High concentrations of sucrose induces tuber formation in S. tuberosum explants in vitro (e.g. Hussey and Stacey 1984) as well as the expression of genes coding two semi-tuberspecific proteins, patatin (Wenzler et al. 1989) and proteinase inhibitor II (Johnson and Ryan 1984). We decided to investigate whether changes in the sucrose metabolism could be observed in the stolon tip before or during tuber initiation.The mono- and disaccharide contents of individual stolon tips of different developmental stages were determined qualitatively and quantitatively. No (transient) increase of the sucrose concentration could be detected concomitant with tuber initiation. The sucrose concentration was constantly low in developing stolon tips, and only tended to increase in relatively large tubers. However, we could not be conclusive about this since sucrose measurements were done at stolon tips as a whole. Very local (transient) sucrose accumulations could not be excluded. Recently, Muller-Rober et al. (1992) showed that a constitutively high sucrose concentration in potato tuber does not lead to an enhanced expression of patatin or proteinase inhibitor II. It illustrates that phenomena observed in in vitro systems do not necessarily occur in planta. Apart from sucrose, glucose and fructose were the main sugars in stolon tips. The glucose concentration decreased gradually during the process of subapical swelling whereas the fructose concentration dropped (Chapter 4).Invertases catalyze the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. Acid invertase activity is high in non-swollen stolon tips and decreases during subapical swelling. A specific neutral invertase could not be detected in stolon tips (Chapter 5).Sucrose synthase catalyzes a reversible reaction in which UDP and sucrose are converted into UDP-glucose and fructose. Sucrose synthase activity is barely detectable in non-swollen stolon tips. From the onset of subapical swelling onwards sucrose synthase activity increases rapidly (Chapter 5).The decreasing glucose concentration could be attributed to an increase of the sucrose synthase activity relative to the acid invertase activity in the stolon tip. On the other hand, sucrose splitting results in the formation of fructose irrespective of the nature of the enzyme involved. The steep decrease of the fructose concentration could be explained by a spatial shift: acid invertase activity is restricted to the cell wall or the vacuole, an environment where hexose kinases are relatively inactive, whereas sucrose synthase activity occurs in the cytosol. The fructose level in stolon tips drops in developing tubers, because sucrose splitting takes place in the cytosol. Here, fructose is exposed to a high activity of hexose kinases. The rate of fructose phosphorylation in extracts from stolon tips of S.Demissum is manifold higher than the rate of glucose phosphorylation (Chapter 4). In Chapter 6, the consequences of the above mentioned enzyme and spatial shift on levels of several phosphorylated sugars were determined.Potato tubers; everybody can tell you what they look like and how they taste. Most people will recognize a potato crop in the field. At the same time, nobody can tell you how a potato plant starts to form tubers. It is a fascinating subject to do research on, and maybe this thesis comprises a few little steps towards a better understanding of this phenomenon.
Rena Sanetomo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Solanum Demissum chromosomes on crossability in the backcross progeny to Solanum tuberosum
Euphytica, 2018Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Hosaka, Rena SanetomoAbstract:A balance of maternal and paternal genetic factors, conceptually named the endosperm balance number (EBN), is required for normal endosperm development in interspecific crosses in potato. We previously found that Solanum Demissum (D), a hexaploid wild species widely used in potato breeding, has a slightly lower EBN than S. tuberosum (T). To explore the genetic nature of the EBN, the berry-setting rate, seed number/berry, and seed weight were evaluated in BC1 [(D × T) × T] plants, each possessing different portions of the S. Demissum chromosomes, by reciprocal crosses with D and T, and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed. At least 99 S. Demissum-derived QTLs were detected, of which 29 were associated with differential responses to D and T. Three QTLs were possibly co-localized on chromosomes 7A and 10D1, while the remaining 23 QTLs were independently located. The QTLs in the three S. Demissum homoeologous chromosomes exhibited three types of interaction: (1) positive, (2) negative, and (3) one positive and one negative effect on the same trait. We found that several major genes, one of which was localized in the S. Demissum chromosome 9A, and many minor genes controlled the crossability of BC1 plants. The QTLs responsible for the differential responses to D and T were different between the BC1 plants used as male and female parents, indicating that different genes control the male and female EBNs. Consequently, we conclude that the EBN is represented by the sum of various genetic effects controlled by a large number of genes.
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genetic transmission of Solanum Demissum 2n 6x 72 chromosomes from a pentaploid hybrid of s tuberosum 2n 4x 48 into the aneuploid bc1 progeny
Euphytica, 2016Co-Authors: Seijiro Ono, Rena Sanetomo, Kazuyoshi HosakaAbstract:Solanum Demissum is a homozygous, hexaploid wild species (2n = 6x = 72, AADDDdDd) that has long been used as a source of late blight resistance by repeated backcrossing with S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48, AAAtAt). To understand how S. Demissum germplasm is incorporated to S. tuberosum through backcrosses, a linkage analysis of 590 DNA markers from S. Demissum-specific simplex alleles was performed in an aneuploid population of 87 BC1 plants. Five hundred eighty-one markers were mapped to 38 linkage groups, of which 37 were assigned to potato chromosomes using markers of known location. Three homoeologous chromosomes were distinguished for each of the 12 potato chromosomes. Approximately 50 % of the markers were transmitted to the BC1 progeny except for chromosomes 2c, 3b and 6c, which were significantly under-represented. Two of the three homeologous chromosomes in at least nine of the chromosomes were transmitted to the BC1 progeny with negative correlations, which demonstrated that the two homeologous chromosomes paired at meiosis in the F1 parent then separated into different gametes. Therefore, we suggest that the two negatively correlated chromosomes were the slightly differentiated genomes cytologically designated D and Dd genomes, while the remaining one was the one cytologically designated A genome of S. Demissum. The S. Demissum genome map will be useful in analyzing intra-locus interaction of qualitative and quantitative traits among homoeologous chromosomes and analyzing allelic variation of homeolog expression.
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Genetic transmission of Solanum Demissum (2n = 6x = 72) chromosomes from a pentaploid hybrid of S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48) into the aneuploid BC1 progeny
Euphytica, 2015Co-Authors: Seijiro Ono, Rena Sanetomo, Kazuyoshi HosakaAbstract:Solanum Demissum is a homozygous, hexaploid wild species (2n = 6x = 72, AADDDdDd) that has long been used as a source of late blight resistance by repeated backcrossing with S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48, AAAtAt). To understand how S. Demissum germplasm is incorporated to S. tuberosum through backcrosses, a linkage analysis of 590 DNA markers from S. Demissum-specific simplex alleles was performed in an aneuploid population of 87 BC1 plants. Five hundred eighty-one markers were mapped to 38 linkage groups, of which 37 were assigned to potato chromosomes using markers of known location. Three homoeologous chromosomes were distinguished for each of the 12 potato chromosomes. Approximately 50 % of the markers were transmitted to the BC1 progeny except for chromosomes 2c, 3b and 6c, which were significantly under-represented. Two of the three homeologous chromosomes in at least nine of the chromosomes were transmitted to the BC1 progeny with negative correlations, which demonstrated that the two homeologous chromosomes paired at meiosis in the F1 parent then separated into different gametes. Therefore, we suggest that the two negatively correlated chromosomes were the slightly differentiated genomes cytologically designated D and Dd genomes, while the remaining one was the one cytologically designated A genome of S. Demissum. The S. Demissum genome map will be useful in analyzing intra-locus interaction of qualitative and quantitative traits among homoeologous chromosomes and analyzing allelic variation of homeolog expression.
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Cytoplasmic diversity in potato breeding: case study from the International Potato Center
Molecular Breeding, 2015Co-Authors: E. Mihovilovich, Kazuyoshi Hosaka, Rena Sanetomo, Benny Ordoñez, Mariela Aponte, M. BonierbaleAbstract:We analyzed the cytoplasmic diversity of CIP potato breeding germplasm. Cytoplasm types were assigned to 978 genotypes consisting of 265 foreign accessions used as input germplasm, 642 breeding lines developed by CIP, and 71 varieties released from CIP material. We found T (45 %), D (38 %), and W (11 %) to be the most frequent cytoplasm types in CIP breeding germplasm. Comparing the initial input germplasm to CIP breeding lines, the frequency of T-type cytoplasm decreased from 64 to 38 %, while those of D- and W-type cytoplasms increased from 26 to 41 % and from 6 to 14 %, respectively. We conclude that the CIP breeding program, as many others worldwide, has experienced a genetic bottleneck in terms of cytoplasmic diversity due to the unintended and continuous use of cytoplasmic-based male-sterile maternal lineages derived from Solanum Demissum and S. stoloniferum in parental line and variety development. Nonetheless, the finding of male-fertile T-type breeding lines must have alleviated the problem to a certain extent, thus enabling CIP breeding progress.
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A maternally inherited DNA marker, descended from Solanum Demissum (2n = 6x = 72) to S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48).
Breeding science, 2011Co-Authors: Rena Sanetomo, Kazuyoshi HosakaAbstract:A Mexican hexaploid wild potato species, Solanum Demissum (dms), was only used as a female in previous breeding programs. The resulting clones with dms cytoplasm produced abundant, but non-functional pollen. A 170 bp DNA fragment, named Band 1, was originally detected in the F1 hybrid between dms and S. tuberosum. In this study, the sequenced region was extended to 1,032 bp; nevertheless, it did not show any homology to known sequences. This extended region harboring Band 1 was, without introns, all transcribed to mRNA and was maternally inherited from dms to S. tuberosum through backcrosses. Three dms accessions, 168 accessions of 38 cultivated and closely related wild species, and 158 varieties and breeding lines were surveyed, which demonstrated that Band 1 was specific to dms and varieties and breeding lines with dms cytoplasm. Thus, Band 1 is a useful marker to distinguish dms cytoplasm, which enables us to design efficient mating combinations in breeding programs.
P. E. Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nicotiana megalosiphon, a Highly Susceptible, New, and Useful Host for Potato Virus A.
Plant disease, 2004Co-Authors: P. E. ThomasAbstract:Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) occurs wherever potatoes are grown and may reduce tuber yields as much as 40%. Its host range consists of six experimental hosts (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) P. Mill., Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Nicotiana tabacum L., Solanum Demissum Lindl., S. Demissum × S. tuberosum [2], and Nicotiana debneyi Domin.) and two natural hosts (S. tuberosum L. and S. betaceae (Cav.) Sendt.) (2). Aphids transmit PVA in a stylet-born manner. Its difficult mechanical transmission, caused by a low virus concentration in potato and other hosts (1), has constrained pathological research on the virus. In routine studies to identify virus isolates from the field, we discovered that N. megalosiphon Van Heurck & Mull. Agr. is a superior host of PVA that markedly facilitated diagnosis, selection for resistance to PVA, and other research applications. The efficiency of mechanical transmission of PVA to potato (5 duplicated assays and 10 plants per assay) ranged f...
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Black and Hairy Nightshade, the First Weedy Hosts of Potato virus A in the United States.
Plant disease, 2004Co-Authors: P. E. ThomasAbstract:Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) occurs wherever potatoes are grown and may reduce tuber yields as much as 40%. Its host range consists of six experimental hosts (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) P. Mill., Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Nicotiana tabacum L., Solanum Demissum Lindl., S. Demissum × S. tuberosum, and Nicotiana debneyi Domin.) and two natural hosts (S. tuberosum L. and S. betaceae (Cav.) Sendt.) (1). N. physalodes and Nicotiana tabacum sometimes grow in nature in the eastern and southern United States (2) but have not been reported to be PVA sources in nature. PVA is known to survive winter in temperate climates only in tubers used for potato propagation and potato volunteers. We detected PVA in all six Black Nightshade (S. nigrum L.) and all six Hairy Nightshade (S. sarrachoides Sendt.) weeds expressing mild mosaic symptoms and growing in PVA-infected potato fields near Prosser, WA in September of 2002. PVA was not detected in any of the 24 Cutleaf Nightshade...
István Wolf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A White Lady burgonyafajta - Solanum Demissum eredetű - fitoftóra rezisztenciájának vizsgálata molekuláris markerek és kapcsoltsági térkép segítségével = Investigation of late blight resistance of Solanum Demissum origin in potato cv. White Lady with
2013Co-Authors: Zsolt Polgár, István Cernák, Kincső Decsi, János Taller, István WolfAbstract:A palyazat celja a sajat nemesitesű White Lady fajta fitoftora rezisztenciajanak vizsgalata volt, mesterseges fertőzesi es molekularis genetikai vizsgalatokkal. A keszthelyi fajtak fajtak fő rezisztenciaforrasa a Solanum Demissum vad faj, amely 11 kulonboző rezisztencia gent hordoz (R1-R11). Előzetes eredmenyeink alapjan a White Lady szeleskorű rezisztenciaval rendelkezik a fitoftora fertőzesevel szemben, azonban a rezisztenciaert felelős genek nem ismertek. A palyazat celja volt a White Lady fajta S. Demissum eredetű fitoftora rezisztencia genjeinek meghatarozasa, a genek terkepezese, valamint kapcsolt markerek fejlesztese. Kulonboző fitoftora izolatumokkal valo mesterseges fertőzessel megallapitottuk, hogy a White Lady rezisztenciajaert nagy valoszinűseggel az R5-os gen a felelős. Tesztkeresztezes utodainak elemzesevel megallapitottuk, hogy a gen szimplex formaban van jelen a fajtaban. Molekularis genetikai vizsgalatokkal igazoltuk, hogy a White Lady fajta az R5 genen kivul az R2, R3a es R3b, korabban mar klonozott geneket is hordozza, mig R1 es R8 geneket nem. Kapcsoltsagi terkep vizsgalati eredmenyeink szerint az R5 gen valoszinűleg az V. kromoszoman helyezkedik el, azonban hozza kapcsolt markert nem sikerult kifejlesztenunk. Az R2, R3a, R3b genek kimutatasa ugyanakkor lehetőseget ad ezen genek marker alapu szelekciojara, amivel lenyegesen hatekonyabba tehető a fitoftoraval szemben rezisztencia-nemesites, megőrizhető a Kozpont kedvező nemzetkozi versenyhelyzete. | The task of the project was to evaluate the late blight resistance of potato cv. White Lady by artificial infection and molecular genetic studies. The main source of late blight resistance of Keszthelys bred varieties is the wild species Solanum Demissum that carries 11 different resistance genes to this pathogen (R1-11). Earlier studies showed that White Lady possess wide range of resistance to late blight, however the genes responsible for the resistance were not known. The goal of the project was to determine the S. Demissum based resistance genes of White Lady, mapping of the genes and development of molecular markers. By artificial infections with different Phytophtora isolates we proved that most probably the gene R5 is responsible for the resistance in White Lady. Evaluating progenies of test crosses we proved that this gene is in simplex format in this variety. It was proved by molecular studies that above the gene R5, White Lady carry the genes of R2, R3a and R3b while not the gene R1 and R8. Based on our study with a highly saturated genetic map the R5 gene is most probably localized on chromosome V, however we were not able to develop linked markers to this gene yet. By the way the identification of the genes of R2, R3a and R3b gives an opportunity for the molecular selection of these genes in breeding lines making more effective the late blight resistance breeding of the Centre and helps to keep its international competitiveness.
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a white lady burgonyafajta Solanum Demissum eredetű fitoftora rezisztenciajanak vizsgalata molekularis markerek es kapcsoltsagi terkep segitsegevel investigation of late blight resistance of Solanum Demissum origin in potato cv white lady with the he
2013Co-Authors: Zsolt Polgár, István Cernák, Kincső Decsi, János Taller, István WolfAbstract:A palyazat celja a sajat nemesitesű White Lady fajta fitoftora rezisztenciajanak vizsgalata volt, mesterseges fertőzesi es molekularis genetikai vizsgalatokkal. A keszthelyi fajtak fajtak fő rezisztenciaforrasa a Solanum Demissum vad faj, amely 11 kulonboző rezisztencia gent hordoz (R1-R11). Előzetes eredmenyeink alapjan a White Lady szeleskorű rezisztenciaval rendelkezik a fitoftora fertőzesevel szemben, azonban a rezisztenciaert felelős genek nem ismertek. A palyazat celja volt a White Lady fajta S. Demissum eredetű fitoftora rezisztencia genjeinek meghatarozasa, a genek terkepezese, valamint kapcsolt markerek fejlesztese. Kulonboző fitoftora izolatumokkal valo mesterseges fertőzessel megallapitottuk, hogy a White Lady rezisztenciajaert nagy valoszinűseggel az R5-os gen a felelős. Tesztkeresztezes utodainak elemzesevel megallapitottuk, hogy a gen szimplex formaban van jelen a fajtaban. Molekularis genetikai vizsgalatokkal igazoltuk, hogy a White Lady fajta az R5 genen kivul az R2, R3a es R3b, korabban mar klonozott geneket is hordozza, mig R1 es R8 geneket nem. Kapcsoltsagi terkep vizsgalati eredmenyeink szerint az R5 gen valoszinűleg az V. kromoszoman helyezkedik el, azonban hozza kapcsolt markert nem sikerult kifejlesztenunk. Az R2, R3a, R3b genek kimutatasa ugyanakkor lehetőseget ad ezen genek marker alapu szelekciojara, amivel lenyegesen hatekonyabba tehető a fitoftoraval szemben rezisztencia-nemesites, megőrizhető a Kozpont kedvező nemzetkozi versenyhelyzete. | The task of the project was to evaluate the late blight resistance of potato cv. White Lady by artificial infection and molecular genetic studies. The main source of late blight resistance of Keszthelys bred varieties is the wild species Solanum Demissum that carries 11 different resistance genes to this pathogen (R1-11). Earlier studies showed that White Lady possess wide range of resistance to late blight, however the genes responsible for the resistance were not known. The goal of the project was to determine the S. Demissum based resistance genes of White Lady, mapping of the genes and development of molecular markers. By artificial infections with different Phytophtora isolates we proved that most probably the gene R5 is responsible for the resistance in White Lady. Evaluating progenies of test crosses we proved that this gene is in simplex format in this variety. It was proved by molecular studies that above the gene R5, White Lady carry the genes of R2, R3a and R3b while not the gene R1 and R8. Based on our study with a highly saturated genetic map the R5 gene is most probably localized on chromosome V, however we were not able to develop linked markers to this gene yet. By the way the identification of the genes of R2, R3a and R3b gives an opportunity for the molecular selection of these genes in breeding lines making more effective the late blight resistance breeding of the Centre and helps to keep its international competitiveness.