The Experts below are selected from a list of 150 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lorne D. Rothman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation Placement for Summer Built Surface Temperature Moderation in an Urban Microclimate
Environmental Management, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew A. Millward, Melissa Torchia, Andrew E. Laursen, Lorne D. RothmanAbstract:Urban vegetation can mitigate increases in summer air temperature by reducing the Solar gain received by buildings. To quantify the temperature-moderating influence of city trees and vine-covered buildings, a total of 13 pairs of temperature loggers were installed on the surfaces of eight buildings in downtown Toronto, Canada, for 6 months during the summer of 2008. One logger in each pair was shaded by vegetation while the other measured built surface temperature in full sunlight. We investigated the temperature-moderating benefits of solitary mature trees, clusters of trees, and perennial vines using a linear-mixed model and a multiple regression analysis of degree hour difference. We then assessed the temperature-moderating effect of leaf area, plant size and proximity to building, and plant location relative to Solar Path. During a period of high Solar intensity, we measured an average temperature differential of 11.7 °C, with as many as 10–12 h of sustained cooler built surface temperatures. Vegetation on the west-facing aspect of built structures provided the greatest temperature moderation, with maximum benefit (peak temperature difference) occurring late in the afternoon. Large mature trees growing within 5 m of buildings showed the greatest ability to moderate built surface temperature, with those growing in clusters delivering limited additional benefit compared with isolated trees. Perennial vines proved as effective as trees at moderating rise in built surface temperature to the south and west sides of buildings, providing an attractive alternative to shade trees where soil volume and space are limited.
L. S.dolin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Possibility of Determining Optical Properties of Water from the Image of the Underwater Solar Path
Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, 2016Co-Authors: A. A.mol’kov, L. S.dolinAbstract:We study the possibility of determining the inherent hydrooptical characteristics of water using the underwater-vision means. Analytical models of the instantaneous and accumulated images of the underwater Solar Path, which is formed by direct, singly scattered, and multiply scattered light, are proposed. The optical depths at which the contribution of the water-scattered light to the apparent radiance of the surface becomes predominant are estimated using numerical simulation. Algorithms for reconstructing the water scattering and attenuation coefficients from the accumulated image of the underwater Solar Path are developed. The results of the algorithm evaluation using the data of a full-scale experiment are presented.
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Determination of wind roughness characteristics based on an underwater image of the sea surface
Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 2012Co-Authors: A. A. Molkov, L. S.dolinAbstract:The opportunities of diagnosing wind roughness with the help of underwater vision systems have been investigated. The model of the rough sea surface image observed from under water under conditions of natural illumination has been developed. It has been shown that the statistical processing of the image of a Solar Path which is formed as a result of light refraction at randomly irregular air-water interface allows one to define not only the slope variance and the curvature variance of the surface, but also the coefficient of spatial correlation of slopes. The algorithms for defining of characteristics of wind roughness on the basis of images of underwater Solar Path and the results of their testing using the data of numerical and natural experiments are given. It was found that waves of very small amplitude images with high contrast near borders of the Snell’s circle (the underwater image of the sky).
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Informative properties of the underwater Solar Path
Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, 2009Co-Authors: A. A. Mol’kov, L. S.dolinAbstract:We study the possibility of determining characteristics of wind-induced waves by using the sea-surface image observed from under water. The statistical model of the Solar Path resulting from the light refraction by rough sea surface is developed. It is shown that the statistical processing of the Solar-Path image allows one to determine not only the variance of the surface slopes, but also the spatial-correlation coefficient of the slopes and, therefore, their spatial spectrum.
Andrew A. Millward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation Placement for Summer Built Surface Temperature Moderation in an Urban Microclimate
Environmental Management, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew A. Millward, Melissa Torchia, Andrew E. Laursen, Lorne D. RothmanAbstract:Urban vegetation can mitigate increases in summer air temperature by reducing the Solar gain received by buildings. To quantify the temperature-moderating influence of city trees and vine-covered buildings, a total of 13 pairs of temperature loggers were installed on the surfaces of eight buildings in downtown Toronto, Canada, for 6 months during the summer of 2008. One logger in each pair was shaded by vegetation while the other measured built surface temperature in full sunlight. We investigated the temperature-moderating benefits of solitary mature trees, clusters of trees, and perennial vines using a linear-mixed model and a multiple regression analysis of degree hour difference. We then assessed the temperature-moderating effect of leaf area, plant size and proximity to building, and plant location relative to Solar Path. During a period of high Solar intensity, we measured an average temperature differential of 11.7 °C, with as many as 10–12 h of sustained cooler built surface temperatures. Vegetation on the west-facing aspect of built structures provided the greatest temperature moderation, with maximum benefit (peak temperature difference) occurring late in the afternoon. Large mature trees growing within 5 m of buildings showed the greatest ability to moderate built surface temperature, with those growing in clusters delivering limited additional benefit compared with isolated trees. Perennial vines proved as effective as trees at moderating rise in built surface temperature to the south and west sides of buildings, providing an attractive alternative to shade trees where soil volume and space are limited.
Andrew E. Laursen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation Placement for Summer Built Surface Temperature Moderation in an Urban Microclimate
Environmental Management, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew A. Millward, Melissa Torchia, Andrew E. Laursen, Lorne D. RothmanAbstract:Urban vegetation can mitigate increases in summer air temperature by reducing the Solar gain received by buildings. To quantify the temperature-moderating influence of city trees and vine-covered buildings, a total of 13 pairs of temperature loggers were installed on the surfaces of eight buildings in downtown Toronto, Canada, for 6 months during the summer of 2008. One logger in each pair was shaded by vegetation while the other measured built surface temperature in full sunlight. We investigated the temperature-moderating benefits of solitary mature trees, clusters of trees, and perennial vines using a linear-mixed model and a multiple regression analysis of degree hour difference. We then assessed the temperature-moderating effect of leaf area, plant size and proximity to building, and plant location relative to Solar Path. During a period of high Solar intensity, we measured an average temperature differential of 11.7 °C, with as many as 10–12 h of sustained cooler built surface temperatures. Vegetation on the west-facing aspect of built structures provided the greatest temperature moderation, with maximum benefit (peak temperature difference) occurring late in the afternoon. Large mature trees growing within 5 m of buildings showed the greatest ability to moderate built surface temperature, with those growing in clusters delivering limited additional benefit compared with isolated trees. Perennial vines proved as effective as trees at moderating rise in built surface temperature to the south and west sides of buildings, providing an attractive alternative to shade trees where soil volume and space are limited.
Melissa Torchia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation Placement for Summer Built Surface Temperature Moderation in an Urban Microclimate
Environmental Management, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew A. Millward, Melissa Torchia, Andrew E. Laursen, Lorne D. RothmanAbstract:Urban vegetation can mitigate increases in summer air temperature by reducing the Solar gain received by buildings. To quantify the temperature-moderating influence of city trees and vine-covered buildings, a total of 13 pairs of temperature loggers were installed on the surfaces of eight buildings in downtown Toronto, Canada, for 6 months during the summer of 2008. One logger in each pair was shaded by vegetation while the other measured built surface temperature in full sunlight. We investigated the temperature-moderating benefits of solitary mature trees, clusters of trees, and perennial vines using a linear-mixed model and a multiple regression analysis of degree hour difference. We then assessed the temperature-moderating effect of leaf area, plant size and proximity to building, and plant location relative to Solar Path. During a period of high Solar intensity, we measured an average temperature differential of 11.7 °C, with as many as 10–12 h of sustained cooler built surface temperatures. Vegetation on the west-facing aspect of built structures provided the greatest temperature moderation, with maximum benefit (peak temperature difference) occurring late in the afternoon. Large mature trees growing within 5 m of buildings showed the greatest ability to moderate built surface temperature, with those growing in clusters delivering limited additional benefit compared with isolated trees. Perennial vines proved as effective as trees at moderating rise in built surface temperature to the south and west sides of buildings, providing an attractive alternative to shade trees where soil volume and space are limited.