The Experts below are selected from a list of 24537 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christiane A Hoppmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Solitude in context on the role of culture immigration and acculturation in the experience of time to oneself
International Journal of Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Jennifer C Lay, Peter Graf, Atiya Mahmood, Helene H Fung, Da Jiang, Chun Hoi Lau, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Older adults spend much time in Solitude (without social interaction), putting them at risk of loneliness, especially if aging outside their country of origin (e.g., Chinese immigrants to Canada). Yet, cultural contextual factors that may reduce loneliness in moments of Solitude are poorly understood. This study sought to disentangle the roles of culture, immigration, and acculturation in Solitude-loneliness associations across two countries. Community-dwelling adults aged 51-85 in Vancouver (N = 58 East Asian, N = 37 European/North American) and in Hong Kong (N = 56 East/Southeast Asian) completed approximately 30 ecological momentary assessments over 10 days on their current affect and social situations. Participants in Vancouver spent more time in Solitude, desired Solitude more, and felt less lonely overall than those in Hong Kong. Multilevel models revealed that moments of Solitude felt lonelier than moments spent in social interaction, but only for individuals less acculturated to their host culture or not concurrently desiring Solitude. Associations held regardless of host culture, cultural heritage, or immigration status. Findings suggest that Solitude need not feel lonely if it happens by choice and if individuals feel connected with their host culture, for both immigrant older adults and those aging in their birth country.
-
by myself and liking it predictors of distinct types of Solitude experiences in daily life
Journal of Personality, 2019Co-Authors: Jennifer C Lay, Theresa Pauly, Peter Graf, Jeremy C Biesanz, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:OBJECTIVE Solitude is a ubiquitous experience, often confused with loneliness, yet sometimes sought out in daily life. This study aimed to identify distinct types of Solitude experiences from everyday affect/thought patterns and to examine how and for whom Solitude is experienced positively versus negatively. METHOD One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 50-85 years (64% female; 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other/mixed heritage) and 50 students aged 18-28 years (92% female; 42% East Asian, 22% European, 36% other/mixed) each completed approximately 30 daily life assessments over 10 days on their current and desired social situation, thoughts, and affect. RESULTS Multilevel latent profile analysis identified two types of everyday Solitude: one characterized by negative affect and effortful thought (negative Solitude experiences) and one characterized by calm and the near absence of negative affect/effortful thought (positive Solitude experiences). Individual differences in social self-efficacy and desire for Solitude were associated with everyday positive Solitude propensity; trait self-rumination and self-reflection were associated with everyday negative Solitude propensity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new framework for conceptualizing everyday Solitude. It identifies specific affect/thought patterns that characterize distinct Solitude experience clusters, and it links these clusters with well-established individual differences. We discuss key traits associated with thriving in Solitude.
-
everyday Solitude affective experiences and well being in old age the role of culture versus immigration
Aging & Mental Health, 2019Co-Authors: Da Jiang, Jennifer C Lay, Peter Graf, Helene H Fung, Maureen C Ashe, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Objectives: Being alone is often equated with loneliness. Yet, recent findings suggest that the objective state of being alone (i.e. Solitude) can have both positive and negative connotations. The present research aimed to examine (1) affective experience in daily Solitude; and (2) the association between everyday affect in Solitude and well-being. We examined the distinct roles of culture and immigration in moderating these associations. Method: Using up to 35 daily life assessments of momentary affect, Solitude, and emotional well-being in two samples (Canada and China), the study compared older adults who aged in place (local Caucasians in Vancouver , Canada and local Hong Kong Chinese in Hong Kong, China) and older adults of different cultural heritages who immigrated to Canada (immigrated Caucasians and immigrated East Asians). Results: We found that older adults of East Asian heritage experienced more positive and less negative affect when alone than did Caucasians. Reporting positive affect in Solitude was more positively associated with well-being in older adults who had immigrated to Canada as compared to those who had aged in place. Conclusions:These findings speak to the unique effects of culture and immigration on the affective correlates of Solitude and their associations with well-being in old age.
-
social relationship quality buffers negative affective correlates of everyday Solitude in an adult lifespan and an older adult sample
Psychology and Aging, 2018Co-Authors: Theresa Pauly, Jennifer C Lay, Stacey B Scott, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Aging takes place in a social context but older adults also spend a significant amount of their time alone. Solitude (the objective state of being alone and without social interaction) has been associated with negative experiences but also with specific benefits. We examine the importance of social relationships for time-varying associations between affective experiences and Solitude. Using repeated daily life assessments from an adult life span sample (Study 1, N = 183, age: 20-81 years) and an older adult sample (Study 2, N = 97, age: 50-85 years), we examined the moderating role of social relationship quality on within-person Solitude-affect associations. Data were analyzed using multilevel models controlling for gender, age, overall amount of time in Solitude, retirement status, marital status, education, and current work activity. Higher relationship quality was associated with higher average affective well-being. Compared to being with others, participants reported lower levels of high-arousal positive affect (PA) during Solitude in both studies. In Study 1, Solitude was also associated with higher levels of low-arousal negative affect (NA) and higher levels of low-arousal PA compared to when with others. Across both studies, individuals with higher quality relationships reported lesser increases in low-arousal NA when in Solitude, as compared to individuals with lower quality relationships. Findings highlight that Solitude is experienced less negatively for individuals embedded in a context of higher quality social relationships. Thus, preservation and promotion of social resources in older adulthood may be important to ward off potential negative ramifications of spending a significant amount of time alone. (PsycINFO Database Record
-
choosing Solitude age differences in situational and affective correlates of Solitude seeking in midlife and older adulthood
Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Jennifer C Lay, Theresa Pauly, Peter Graf, Atiya Mahmood, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Objectives Despite a basic need for social connection, individuals across the adult lifespan sometimes seek Solitude-a phenomenon that is not well understood. This study examined situational and affective correlates of Solitude-seeking and how they may differ between middle-aged and older adults. Method One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 50-85 years (64% female, 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other) completed approximately 30 electronic daily life assessments over 10 days regarding their current location, affect, activities, and current and desired social context. Results Solitude was common; 86% of Solitude instances happened by individuals' own choosing. When desiring Solitude, older adults were more likely to be at home and less likely to be outdoors, compared to other locations. Middle-aged adults showed no such Solitude-location associations. Among middle-aged adults, desire for Solitude was associated with decreased positive affect. Older adults experienced no such dip in affect. Discussion Findings suggest that compared to middle-aged adults, older adults are more likely to go to locations that match their desired social context, and also that Solitude-seeking has more positive ramifications for older adults. Findings are discussed in the context of age differences in activities, social preferences, and emotion regulation.
Heidi Gazelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
anxious Solitude and the middle school transition a diathesis stress model of peer exclusion and victimization trajectories
Developmental Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Madelynn D Shell, Heidi Gazelle, Richard A FaldowskiAbstract:Consistent with a Diathesis × Stress model, it was hypothesized that anxious Solitude (individual vulnerability) and the middle school transition (environmental stress) would jointly predict peer exclusion and victimization trajectories. Youth (N = 688) were followed from 3rd through 7th grade, with the middle school transition in 6th grade. Peer-reported peer exclusion and physical victimization trajectories across the middle school transition were modeled with piecewise growth curves. As expected, anxious Solitude predicted elevated exclusion and victimization in both elementary and middle school. Nonetheless, exclusion and victimization declined after the transition on average, and anxious solitary youth versus average youth experienced greater relative declines. The pattern of results suggests that the collective renegotiation of peer relations after the transition, rather than posttransition decline in classroom emotional support, contributed to the posttransition decline in peer mistreatment.
-
class climate moderates peer relations and emotional adjustment in children with an early history of anxious Solitude a child x environment model
Developmental Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Heidi GazelleAbstract:Classroom emotional climate was hypothesized to moderate psychosocial adjustment in 1st grade for children with an early childhood history of anxious Solitude. Participants were 1,364 children in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and their mothers, child-care providers, and teachers. As anticipated, children with an early childhood history of anxious Solitude were more rejected, poorly accepted (boys), and victimized (girls) by peers and demonstrated more depressive symptoms (girls) in 1st-grade classrooms with negative observed emotional climate. Results support a Child x Environment model of children's social and emotional adjustment.
-
Anxious Solitude and Peer Exclusion: A Diathesis-Stress Model of Internalizing Trajectories in Childhood.
Child development, 2003Co-Authors: Heidi Gazelle, Gary W. LaddAbstract:A diathesis-stress model was proposed in which the joint forces of individual vulnerability (anxious Solitude) and interpersonal adversity (peer exclusion) predict depressive symptoms in children over time. Children's (N = 388; 50% female) social behavior, peer exclusion, and emotional adjustment were assessed at kindergarten entry and every spring thereafter through 4th grade, primarily by teacher report. Results indicated that anxious Solitude and peer exclusion co-occur in children soon after kindergarten entry and that anxious solitary children who are excluded early on, in comparison with their nonexcluded anxious solitary counterparts, display greater stability in their subsequent display of anxious Solitude. As hypothesized, the joint influence of anxious Solitude and exclusion predicted the most elevated depressive symptom trajectories.
Jennifer C Lay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Solitude in context on the role of culture immigration and acculturation in the experience of time to oneself
International Journal of Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Jennifer C Lay, Peter Graf, Atiya Mahmood, Helene H Fung, Da Jiang, Chun Hoi Lau, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Older adults spend much time in Solitude (without social interaction), putting them at risk of loneliness, especially if aging outside their country of origin (e.g., Chinese immigrants to Canada). Yet, cultural contextual factors that may reduce loneliness in moments of Solitude are poorly understood. This study sought to disentangle the roles of culture, immigration, and acculturation in Solitude-loneliness associations across two countries. Community-dwelling adults aged 51-85 in Vancouver (N = 58 East Asian, N = 37 European/North American) and in Hong Kong (N = 56 East/Southeast Asian) completed approximately 30 ecological momentary assessments over 10 days on their current affect and social situations. Participants in Vancouver spent more time in Solitude, desired Solitude more, and felt less lonely overall than those in Hong Kong. Multilevel models revealed that moments of Solitude felt lonelier than moments spent in social interaction, but only for individuals less acculturated to their host culture or not concurrently desiring Solitude. Associations held regardless of host culture, cultural heritage, or immigration status. Findings suggest that Solitude need not feel lonely if it happens by choice and if individuals feel connected with their host culture, for both immigrant older adults and those aging in their birth country.
-
by myself and liking it predictors of distinct types of Solitude experiences in daily life
Journal of Personality, 2019Co-Authors: Jennifer C Lay, Theresa Pauly, Peter Graf, Jeremy C Biesanz, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:OBJECTIVE Solitude is a ubiquitous experience, often confused with loneliness, yet sometimes sought out in daily life. This study aimed to identify distinct types of Solitude experiences from everyday affect/thought patterns and to examine how and for whom Solitude is experienced positively versus negatively. METHOD One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 50-85 years (64% female; 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other/mixed heritage) and 50 students aged 18-28 years (92% female; 42% East Asian, 22% European, 36% other/mixed) each completed approximately 30 daily life assessments over 10 days on their current and desired social situation, thoughts, and affect. RESULTS Multilevel latent profile analysis identified two types of everyday Solitude: one characterized by negative affect and effortful thought (negative Solitude experiences) and one characterized by calm and the near absence of negative affect/effortful thought (positive Solitude experiences). Individual differences in social self-efficacy and desire for Solitude were associated with everyday positive Solitude propensity; trait self-rumination and self-reflection were associated with everyday negative Solitude propensity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new framework for conceptualizing everyday Solitude. It identifies specific affect/thought patterns that characterize distinct Solitude experience clusters, and it links these clusters with well-established individual differences. We discuss key traits associated with thriving in Solitude.
-
everyday Solitude affective experiences and well being in old age the role of culture versus immigration
Aging & Mental Health, 2019Co-Authors: Da Jiang, Jennifer C Lay, Peter Graf, Helene H Fung, Maureen C Ashe, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Objectives: Being alone is often equated with loneliness. Yet, recent findings suggest that the objective state of being alone (i.e. Solitude) can have both positive and negative connotations. The present research aimed to examine (1) affective experience in daily Solitude; and (2) the association between everyday affect in Solitude and well-being. We examined the distinct roles of culture and immigration in moderating these associations. Method: Using up to 35 daily life assessments of momentary affect, Solitude, and emotional well-being in two samples (Canada and China), the study compared older adults who aged in place (local Caucasians in Vancouver , Canada and local Hong Kong Chinese in Hong Kong, China) and older adults of different cultural heritages who immigrated to Canada (immigrated Caucasians and immigrated East Asians). Results: We found that older adults of East Asian heritage experienced more positive and less negative affect when alone than did Caucasians. Reporting positive affect in Solitude was more positively associated with well-being in older adults who had immigrated to Canada as compared to those who had aged in place. Conclusions:These findings speak to the unique effects of culture and immigration on the affective correlates of Solitude and their associations with well-being in old age.
-
social relationship quality buffers negative affective correlates of everyday Solitude in an adult lifespan and an older adult sample
Psychology and Aging, 2018Co-Authors: Theresa Pauly, Jennifer C Lay, Stacey B Scott, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Aging takes place in a social context but older adults also spend a significant amount of their time alone. Solitude (the objective state of being alone and without social interaction) has been associated with negative experiences but also with specific benefits. We examine the importance of social relationships for time-varying associations between affective experiences and Solitude. Using repeated daily life assessments from an adult life span sample (Study 1, N = 183, age: 20-81 years) and an older adult sample (Study 2, N = 97, age: 50-85 years), we examined the moderating role of social relationship quality on within-person Solitude-affect associations. Data were analyzed using multilevel models controlling for gender, age, overall amount of time in Solitude, retirement status, marital status, education, and current work activity. Higher relationship quality was associated with higher average affective well-being. Compared to being with others, participants reported lower levels of high-arousal positive affect (PA) during Solitude in both studies. In Study 1, Solitude was also associated with higher levels of low-arousal negative affect (NA) and higher levels of low-arousal PA compared to when with others. Across both studies, individuals with higher quality relationships reported lesser increases in low-arousal NA when in Solitude, as compared to individuals with lower quality relationships. Findings highlight that Solitude is experienced less negatively for individuals embedded in a context of higher quality social relationships. Thus, preservation and promotion of social resources in older adulthood may be important to ward off potential negative ramifications of spending a significant amount of time alone. (PsycINFO Database Record
-
choosing Solitude age differences in situational and affective correlates of Solitude seeking in midlife and older adulthood
Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Jennifer C Lay, Theresa Pauly, Peter Graf, Atiya Mahmood, Christiane A HoppmannAbstract:Objectives Despite a basic need for social connection, individuals across the adult lifespan sometimes seek Solitude-a phenomenon that is not well understood. This study examined situational and affective correlates of Solitude-seeking and how they may differ between middle-aged and older adults. Method One hundred community-dwelling adults aged 50-85 years (64% female, 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other) completed approximately 30 electronic daily life assessments over 10 days regarding their current location, affect, activities, and current and desired social context. Results Solitude was common; 86% of Solitude instances happened by individuals' own choosing. When desiring Solitude, older adults were more likely to be at home and less likely to be outdoors, compared to other locations. Middle-aged adults showed no such Solitude-location associations. Among middle-aged adults, desire for Solitude was associated with decreased positive affect. Older adults experienced no such dip in affect. Discussion Findings suggest that compared to middle-aged adults, older adults are more likely to go to locations that match their desired social context, and also that Solitude-seeking has more positive ramifications for older adults. Findings are discussed in the context of age differences in activities, social preferences, and emotion regulation.
Pin Hsuan Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
are the self esteem self efficacy and interpersonal interaction of junior college students related to the Solitude capacity
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Shang Yu Yang, Ying Lien Lin, Po Yu Wang, Pin Hsuan LinAbstract:Background: Studies on the Solitude capacity of university students have been extremely limited and failed to clearly illustrate the correlation of Solitude capacity with internal psychological variables and the favorability of interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of college students' Solitude capacity with scores for self-esteem, self-efficacy, and interpersonal relationships. Method: A cross-sectional study was adopted for this study. Data were collected from a university in southern Taiwan using a structured questionnaire, the content of which included demographic data and scores from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), and the Solitude Capacity Scale (SCS). Results: The final sample comprised 562 participants (mean age = 17.51 ± 1.27 years). Adjustment of the demographic variables yielded a significantly positive correlation in the total RSE and SCS (p < 0.01) scores and that in the total GSE and SCS (p < 0.01) scores. Moreover, the relationship with family (IRS subscale) and total SCS score (p < 0.05) exhibited a significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that Solitude capacity is significantly correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and the favorability of family relationships.
-
is it weird to enjoy Solitude relationship of Solitude capacity with personality traits and physical and mental health in junior college students
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Pin Hsuan Lin, Po Yu Wang, Ying Lien Lin, Shang Yu YangAbstract:Background: Teenagers described as enjoying their own company have been claimed to have a weird personality and experience loneliness and negative emotions and have often been labeled with negative attributes. However, previous studies have provided a limited understanding of teenagers' capacity for Solitude. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between teenagers' capacity for Solitude and both personality traits and physical and mental health. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design and collected data from a junior college located in Taiwan using a structured questionnaire, which consisted of demographic questions, a Solitude capacity scale, a personality trait scale, and a physical and mental health scale. Results: A total of 562 participants were recruited (age = 17.56 ± 1.58 years). The total score of the Solitude capacity scale was significantly correlated with four elements of the personality traits subscale: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. The Solitude capacity subscale (i.e., the Solitude-coping subscale) showed significant correlations with two of the physical and mental health elements, i.e., anxiety and insomnia and severe depression. Conclusions: The results verified the correlations between capacity for Solitude and personality traits and did not show a positive association with negative personality traits (i.e., neuroticism). Moreover, the Solitude coping capacity correlated positively with anxiety levels and negatively with depression.
Shang Yu Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
are the self esteem self efficacy and interpersonal interaction of junior college students related to the Solitude capacity
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Shang Yu Yang, Ying Lien Lin, Po Yu Wang, Pin Hsuan LinAbstract:Background: Studies on the Solitude capacity of university students have been extremely limited and failed to clearly illustrate the correlation of Solitude capacity with internal psychological variables and the favorability of interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of college students' Solitude capacity with scores for self-esteem, self-efficacy, and interpersonal relationships. Method: A cross-sectional study was adopted for this study. Data were collected from a university in southern Taiwan using a structured questionnaire, the content of which included demographic data and scores from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), and the Solitude Capacity Scale (SCS). Results: The final sample comprised 562 participants (mean age = 17.51 ± 1.27 years). Adjustment of the demographic variables yielded a significantly positive correlation in the total RSE and SCS (p < 0.01) scores and that in the total GSE and SCS (p < 0.01) scores. Moreover, the relationship with family (IRS subscale) and total SCS score (p < 0.05) exhibited a significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that Solitude capacity is significantly correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and the favorability of family relationships.
-
is it weird to enjoy Solitude relationship of Solitude capacity with personality traits and physical and mental health in junior college students
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Pin Hsuan Lin, Po Yu Wang, Ying Lien Lin, Shang Yu YangAbstract:Background: Teenagers described as enjoying their own company have been claimed to have a weird personality and experience loneliness and negative emotions and have often been labeled with negative attributes. However, previous studies have provided a limited understanding of teenagers' capacity for Solitude. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between teenagers' capacity for Solitude and both personality traits and physical and mental health. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design and collected data from a junior college located in Taiwan using a structured questionnaire, which consisted of demographic questions, a Solitude capacity scale, a personality trait scale, and a physical and mental health scale. Results: A total of 562 participants were recruited (age = 17.56 ± 1.58 years). The total score of the Solitude capacity scale was significantly correlated with four elements of the personality traits subscale: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. The Solitude capacity subscale (i.e., the Solitude-coping subscale) showed significant correlations with two of the physical and mental health elements, i.e., anxiety and insomnia and severe depression. Conclusions: The results verified the correlations between capacity for Solitude and personality traits and did not show a positive association with negative personality traits (i.e., neuroticism). Moreover, the Solitude coping capacity correlated positively with anxiety levels and negatively with depression.