The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

K.r. Butcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

P L Ruegg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of anatomical characteristics of teats with quarter level Somatic Cell Count
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: M G Paixao, J F Guarin, P L Ruegg
    Abstract:

    Mastitis occurs after bacteria successfully traverse the teat orifice and cause an intramammary infection. Anatomical characteristics of the teat are potential risk factors for infection. The objective of this study was to identify potential associations between anatomical characteristics of teats and quarter-level Somatic Cell Count (QSCC) from cows on larger dairy farms in Wisconsin. Teat dimensions (length and diameter at the teat barrel and apex) were measured, and hyperkeratosis scores were assessed for 3,713 quarters of 959 cows on 9 dairy farms. The SCC of quarter milk samples obtained from those teats was determined. Multivariate models were used to determine associations of teat anatomical characteristics with QSCC. Subclinical mastitis was defined as a quarter milk sample with SCC of >150,000 Cells/mL. Teat dimensions and milk components varied among farms. In the group of farms enrolled in this study, prevalence of subclinical mastitis in mammary gland quarters ranged from 13.6 to 28.9%. An interaction of teat apex diameter and quarter position (front or rear) was identified for QSCC. For both front and rear quarters, a tendency existed for narrower teat barrels to be associated with increased QSCC. However, for front quarters only, greater diameter of the teat apex was associated with increased QSCC. Teat shape (square or triangular teats) was not associated with QSCC. Milk samples obtained from teats with hyperkeratosis scores of very rough had greater QSCC compared with milk samples obtained from teats with hyperkeratosis scores of normal, smooth ring, or rough ring.

  • impact of intramammary antimicrobial dry treatment and teat sanitation on Somatic Cell Count and intramammary infection in dairy ewes
    Small Ruminant Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Carlo Spanu, Y M Berger, D L Thomas, P L Ruegg
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mastitis of small dairy ruminants is usually subclinical, and coagulase negative staphylococci have been reported as the most commonly isolated pathogens. Intramammary antimicrobial therapy administered at dry off is one of the most effective tools for mastitis control in dairy cows. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of intramammary antimicrobial dry treatment given to milking ewes on prevalence of intramammary infection and Somatic Cell Count in the subsequent lactation. The secondary objective was to assess the impact of premilking teat sanitation on Somatic Cell Count. Milking ewes ( n  = 245) were randomly allocated to receive either an intramammary infusion of 300 mg cephapirin benzathine (dry treated) or no dry treatment (not treated). After lambing, before the first mechanical milking, half udder milk samples were aseptically collected for bacteriology. Additional milk samples were collected at day 14–21 (follow up samples). Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most prevalent isolates and were recovered from 45 to 48% of culture positive milk samples. Milk samples obtained from ewes with 3 or more monthly Somatic Cell Counts ≥400,000 Cells/mL in the previous lactation were 5.6–7.5 times more likely to be microbiologically positive for mastitis pathogens as compared to milk samples obtained from ewes with SCC below that threshold. Dry treatment had a significant effect on Somatic Cell Count in the subsequent lactation but did not influence the probability of intramammary infection at lambing or follow up sampling. Premilking teat sanitation did not show significant effect on Somatic Cell Count.

  • short communication evaluation of an on farm test to estimate Somatic Cell Count
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ana Carolina De Oliveira Rodrigues, Laerte Dagher Cassoli, Paulo Fernando Machado, P L Ruegg
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to compare the results of an on-farm test, named Somaticell, with results of electronic Cell Counting and for milk Somatic Cell Count (SCC) among readers. The Somaticell test correctly determined the SCC in fresh quarter milk samples. Correlation between Somaticell and electronic enumeration of Somatic Cells was 0.92 and κ coefficient 0.82. Using a threshold of 205,000 Cells/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for determination of intramammary infections were 91.3 and 96.0%, respectively. The SCC was greater for milk samples from which major mastitis pathogens were recovered. Minor variation among readers was observed and most likely associated with the mixing procedure. However, the final analysis indicated that this variation was not significant and did not affect the amount of samples classified as having subclinical mastitis. The on-farm test evaluated in this study showed adequate capacity of determining SCC on quarter milk samples and may be considered as an alternative for on-farm detection of subclinical mastitis.

John Fetrow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

F. San Primitivo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Factors of variation influencing bulk tank Somatic Cell Count in dairy sheep.
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Carlos Gonzalo, Miriam Blanco, E. Beneitez, J A Carriedo, M T Juarez, L F De La Fuente, F. San Primitivo
    Abstract:

    Between January and December 2002, a total of 21,685 records for bulk tank milk Somatic Cell Count (BTSCC) were obtained from 309 dairy ewe herds belonging to the Sheep Improvement Consortium in Castilla-Leon, Spain. Based on the first statistical model, ANOVA detected significant effects of herd, breed, month within herd, dry therapy, type of milking, contagious agalactia, and installations within machine milking on logBTSCC. A second statistical model was used on herds with machine milking to study the effect of the vacuum level and pulsation rate on BTSCC. Herd and month within herd were important variation factors as they explained 48.4 and 16.1% of the variance in BTSCC. Variability in logBTSCC among breeds ranged from 5.84 (Castellana) to 6.09 (Awassi and Spanish Assaf). Implementing dry-ewe therapy (5.91) significantly reduced logBTSCC compared with when it was not implemented (6.10). Hand milking elicited greater logBTSCC (6.07) than machine milking (5.94). Machine milking of ewes in milking parlors (logBTSCC: 5.88 to 5.94) was associated with better udder health than was the use of bucket-milking machines (6.04). Reduced vacuum levels and elevated pulsation rate during machine milking optimized BTSCC. In all cases, clinical outbreaks of contagious agalactia increased BTSCC. As a result, dry therapy was proposed as the main tool to reduce BTSCC. Optimization of milking-machine standards and parlor systems also improved udder health in dairy sheep.

Yrjö T. Gröhn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Optimally achieving milk bulk tank Somatic Cell Count thresholds
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jason A. Troendle, Loren W Tauer, Yrjö T. Gröhn
    Abstract:

    Abstract High Somatic Cell Count in milk leads to reduced shelf life in fluid milk and lower processed yields in manufactured dairy products. As a result, farmers are often penalized for high bulk tank Somatic Cell Count or paid a premium for low bulk tank Somatic Cell Count. Many Countries also require all milk from a farm to be lower than a specified regulated Somatic Cell Count. Thus, farms often cull cows that have high Somatic Cell Count to meet Somatic Cell Count thresholds. Rather than naively cull the highest Somatic Cell Count cows, a mathematical programming model was developed that determines the cows to be culled from the herd by maximizing the net present value of the herd, subject to meeting any specified bulk tank Somatic Cell Count level. The model was applied to test-day cows on 2 New York State dairy farms. Results showed that the net present value of the herd was increased by using the model to meet the Somatic Cell Count restriction compared with naively culling the highest Somatic Cell Count cows. Implementation of the model would be straightforward in dairy management decision software.