The Experts below are selected from a list of 6363 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Alexei Yurchak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soviet hegemony of form everything was forever until it was no more
    Comparative Studies in Society and History, 2003
    Co-Authors: Alexei Yurchak
    Abstract:

    This paper was prompted by a personal question that has puzzled many former Soviet people, myself included, since the late 1980s: How to make sense of the sudden evaporation of the colossal and seemingly monolithic Soviet system and way of life, in which we grew up and lived? What was it about the Soviet system that made its “collapse” appear completely unimaginable and surprisingly fast not only to most Western Sovietologists but also to most Soviet people? The experience of the unexpectedness and abruptness of the collapse is reflected in diverse materials I have collected in Russia in the past ten years. This question is not about the “causes” for the collapse but about its “conditions of possibility”: what conditions made the collapse possible while keeping that possibility invisible ? To begin addressing this question, we must analyze how the particular “culture” of Soviet Socialism invisibly created the conditions for the collapse and at the same time rendered it unexpected. The period when these conditions emerged, the approximately thirty years preceding the beginning of perestroika (the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s), I shall call Soviet “Late Socialism.”

Fuentes Diana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • El marxismo: una evaluación de la crítica y el discurso ante la caída del Muro de Berlín
    2020
    Co-Authors: Fuentes Diana
    Abstract:

    Considering that Marxism by itself constitutes an intellectual and sociopolitical history that presents multiple variants, among which there have been countless debates, opponents and detractors, displaying the considerable complexity of thought derived from Marx’s critique of political economy, this paper outlines a few demarcation lines for the study of Marxist thought before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The crux of this blueprint is based on considering the centrality of the trajectory of the forms of discourse that renovated the critical core of Marx in frank opposition to the dogmatic and mechanicist Marxism of Soviet Socialism, and which, thirty years after the collapse of Soviet Socialism, have most persistently allowed for insisting on the validity of its critique, its ability to explain the modern world and the need to think of a non-capitalist modernity once again.Bajo la consideración de que el marxismo constituye por sí mismo una historia intelectual y sociopolítica que presenta múltiples variantes, entre las que ha habido incontables debates, opositores y detractores, que visibilizan la enorme complejidad de pensamiento que deriva de la crítica de la economía política de Marx, en el presente trabajo se trazan algunas líneas de demarcación para el estudio del pensamiento marxista antes y después del derrumbe del Muro de Berlín. El centro de este esbozo parte de la consideración de la centralidad de la trayectoria de aquellas formas del discurso que renovaron el núcleo crítico de Marx en una franca oposición al marxismo dogmático y mecanicista del Socialismo soviético, y que, a treinta años del derrumbe del Socialismo soviético, son las que con mayor persistencia han permitido insistir en la vigencia de su criticidad, en su capacidad explicativa del mundo contemporáneo y en la necesidad de volver a pensar en una modernidad no capitalista

Lugarić Vukas Danijela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Izleti u Drugo:
    FF Open Press - izdanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu u otvorenom pristupu, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lugarić Vukas Danijela
    Abstract:

    The book deals with various Russian and Soviet cultural texts (literature, film, and popular culture) from a comparative perspective and through the methodological frameworks of myth, class, and gender. These are observed through their own performativeness and symbolic languages, but also in their interdependence: almost all analyses show that class articulations are coded through gender power relations, while some claim that the mythological gradually transfigures the class and gender field of the Russian and (post-)Soviet literatures and cultures. The book is divided into four parts: 1. Consumption, Class and Gender; 2. History, Memory and Trauma; 3. City, Resistance and Commodification; 4. Mother, Motherhood and Literature. In the first part, I explore the meanings inscribed in the representation and articulation of consumer practices and materiality in general and the ways in which these representations contribute to our understanding of class and class relations in the context of Russian and Soviet literature and culture. The analysis of Tolstoy’s famous novel Anna Karenina (1873–1878), which depicts Russian aristocracy during the period of its severe crisis, shows that, while articulating and positioning herself/himself through the various forms of the Other and otherness (which, as the novel demonstrates, are to be understood as specific perspectives and not stable entities), an individual simultaneously also produces her/his own otherness – her/his own exposure, criticism and vulnerability. Furthermore, in the chapter about the film Conspiracy of the Doomed (Zagovor obrechennyh), the novels The Twelve Chairs (1928) and The Golden Calf (1931) by Il’f and Petrov, and advertising posters, I explored the precarious position of traditional gender roles as a mechanism of promotion and regulation of consumption in (early) Soviet Socialism, which was a period marked by the NEP (New Economic Policy) and Stalin’s formation of a privileged class in the 1930s. Political and ideological treatment of certain consumer practices – a synthesis of abundance for some and “rational consumption” for others – required constant negotiation of the boundaries of the ideologically and morally acceptable. This is where gender roles, and particularly the role of women as consumers and of women as keepers of (symbolic) boundaries came to the forefront. In the second part of the book, the complex relationship between history, memory and trauma are analyzed, where trauma is at the same time the Other of national histories, but also where the memories of the excluded, “voiceless” individuals unfold. In the comparative analysis of Karlo Štajner’s memoirs 7000 Days in Sibiria (1971) and Danilo Kiš’s A Tomb for Boris Davidovich (1976), I explore the paradigm of literary exchange and circulation in the text through the cultural transfer of Štajner’s memories in Kiš’s literary masterpiece. I observe this transfer as a diegetic expression of Kiš paying off his so-called “literary debt”, which includes the following: Kiš’s Tomb on the one hand canonizes the status of Štajner as an immediate witness of the Gulag, and on the other hand, Kiš expresses his position as a writer burdened with postmemory, as defined by Marianne Hirsch. The chapter about Soviet melodramas from the period of late Soviet Socialism (Cranes are Flying, 1957, and Ballad of a Soldier, 1959) shows that both films, rooted in a specific metaphysics of time “out of joint” (J. Derrida), can be seen as an expression of the deconstruction of the optimistic myth of a “Socialism with the human face” which announced (a bright) future. The films are also observed through their gendered “blind spots”: since war is perceived as an exclusively “male zone”, Cranes are Flying could not have had such unreserved support from the public and political elite as Ballad of a Soldier. As in Kiš’s Tomb, in the films Wings (1966) by L. Shepit’ko and The Thief (1997) by P. Chukhrai, the figure of the absent man/father (the lost object) is where the mythical and the traumatic simultaneously unfold. Through the complex theoretical frameworks of memory and postmemory, myth and trauma, and of the uncanny as the very core of traumatic recollection, the chapter analyzes complex relationship between history, memory and trauma, where the cruelty of war turns into the cruelty of a lie. The third part of the book analyzes the ways in which the city produces the Other and otherness in literature and popular culture. This perspective opens up a series of insights relevant for both the local (Russian/Soviet) and the global context. The comparative analysis of Aksenov’s and Slamnig’s novels, both written in 1959, aims to answer the question to which extent the cultural contract between gender and the urban, which carries distinctly progressive and liberal meanings, reverberates through the novels’ poetics of gender. The chapter about the graffiti in Moscow and Saint Petersburg analyses what (post-)modern graffiti in these two Russian cities can say about the wall as the object of authority par excellence in the context of urban political economy through the dual nature of resistance and commodification of graffiti. Departing from the image of women as “ahistorical bearers of children” (“ahistorijska rađalica”, B. Despot), i.e. as subjects that biologically, symbolically and culturally reproduce the nation (N. Yuval-Davis), the final part of the book analyzes the representation of motherhood by juxtaposing the mythological image of women in the role of mothers on the one hand, and the literary and artistic articulation of motherhood on the other. This opposition, exemplified through the forms of representation of motherhood in the popular Soviet journal “Rabotnitsa” and literary works of I. Grekova (1963), N. Baranskaia (1969) and L. Petrushevskaia (1992), shows that the intersection of the mythical and the literary is a place of deep inner tensions and conflicts. The novel Medea and Her Children (1996) by L. Ulitskaya, analyzed in the final chapter of the book, presents a fictional world in which gender differences are not mutually exclusive. Ulitskaya’s Medea serves as an alternative or, more precisely, a compromise subject: she is the “other” First, or, even more precisely, she is “above”, “on the other side” of the binary gender oppositions. The title of the book is, of course, of an intertextual nature and refers to the canonical travelogue written by Miroslav Krleža. The following quotation from Krleža’s afterword to his Journey to Russia illustrates my reading of Russian and Soviet literature, film and popular culture: “During this journey, more than in the statistics, the author was interested in people, human relationships, developments, political movements of the masses, public lighting, the broad Russian spectrum of this Slavic continent. The author observed the Russian churches and the ungodly with a lyrical eye, listening to the song of the Russian wind and thinking about the past and about the cultural issues more than about the statistics.” (Krleža 1973: 299). These desires – to observe people and human relationships in the broad spectrum of the “Slavic continent” and the wide field of art and popular culture – shaped my analytical optics and motivated me to go on a journey, me, the other, a foreigner and an alien, to Russia as the Other, but also to the otherness of Russia – through her myths, gender and class relationships and tensions, to the places where they intersect, blend and evade articulation.The book deals with various Russian and Soviet cultural texts (literature, film, and popular culture) from a comparative perspective and through the methodological frameworks of myth, class, and gender. These are observed through their own performativeness and symbolic languages, but also in their interdependence: almost all analyses show that class articulations are coded through gender power relations, while some claim that the mythological gradually transfigures the class and gender field of the Russian and (post-)Soviet literatures and cultures. The book is divided into four parts: 1. Consumption, Class and Gender; 2. History, Memory and Trauma; 3. City, Resistance and Commodification; 4. Mother, Motherhood and Literature. In the first part, I explore the meanings inscribed in the representation and articulation of consumer practices and materiality in general and the ways in which these representations contribute to our understanding of class and class relations in the context of Russian and Soviet literature and culture. The analysis of Tolstoy’s famous novel Anna Karenina (1873–1878), which depicts Russian aristocracy during the period of its severe crisis, shows that, while articulating and positioning herself/himself through the various forms of the Other and otherness (which, as the novel demonstrates, are to be understood as specific perspectives and not stable entities), an individual simultaneously also produces her/his own otherness – her/his own exposure, criticism and vulnerability. Furthermore, in the chapter about the film Conspiracy of the Doomed (Zagovor obrechennyh), the novels The Twelve Chairs (1928) and The Golden Calf (1931) by Il’f and Petrov, and advertising posters, I explored the precarious position of traditional gender roles as a mechanism of promotion and regulation of consumption in (early) Soviet Socialism, which was a period marked by the NEP (New Economic Policy) and Stalin’s formation of a privileged class in the 1930s. Political and ideological treatment of certain consumer practices – a synthesis of abundance for some and “rational consumption” for others – required constant negotiation of the boundaries of the ideologically and morally acceptable. This is where gender roles, and particularly the role of women as consumers and of women as keepers of (symbolic) boundaries came to the forefront. In the second part of the book, the complex relationship between history, memory and trauma are analyzed, where trauma is at the same time the Other of national histories, but also where the memories of the excluded, “voiceless” individuals unfold. In the comparative analysis of Karlo Štajner’s memoirs 7000 Days in Sibiria (1971) and Danilo Kiš’s A Tomb for Boris Davidovich (1976), I explore the paradigm of literary exchange and circulation in the text through the cultural transfer of Štajner’s memories in Kiš’s literary masterpiece. I observe this transfer as a diegetic expression of Kiš paying off his so-called “literary debt”, which includes the following: Kiš’s Tomb on the one hand canonizes the status of Štajner as an immediate witness of the Gulag, and on the other hand, Kiš expresses his position as a writer burdened with postmemory, as defined by Marianne Hirsch. The chapter about Soviet melodramas from the period of late Soviet Socialism (Cranes are Flying, 1957, and Ballad of a Soldier, 1959) shows that both films, rooted in a specific metaphysics of time “out of joint” (J. Derrida), can be seen as an expression of the deconstruction of the optimistic myth of a “Socialism with the human face” which announced (a bright) future. The films are also observed through their gendered “blind spots”: since war is perceived as an exclusively “male zone”, Cranes are Flying could not have had such unreserved support from the public and political elite as Ballad of a Soldier. As in Kiš’s Tomb, in the films Wings (1966) by L. Shepit’ko and The Thief (1997) by P. Chukhrai, the figure of the absent man/father (the lost object) is where the mythical and the traumatic simultaneously unfold. Through the complex theoretical frameworks of memory and postmemory, myth and trauma, and of the uncanny as the very core of traumatic recollection, the chapter analyzes complex relationship between history, memory and trauma, where the cruelty of war turns into the cruelty of a lie. The third part of the book analyzes the ways in which the city produces the Other and otherness in literature and popular culture. This perspective opens up a series of insights relevant for both the local (Russian/Soviet) and the global context. The comparative analysis of Aksenov’s and Slamnig’s novels, both written in 1959, aims to answer the question to which extent the cultural contract between gender and the urban, which carries distinctly progressive and liberal meanings, reverberates through the novels’ poetics of gender. The chapter about the graffiti in Moscow and Saint Petersburg analyses what (post-)modern graffiti in these two Russian cities can say about the wall as the object of authority par excellence in the context of urban political economy through the dual nature of resistance and commodification of graffiti. Departing from the image of women as “ahistorical bearers of children” (“ahistorijska rađalica”, B. Despot), i.e. as subjects that biologically, symbolically and culturally reproduce the nation (N. Yuval-Davis), the final part of the book analyzes the representation of motherhood by juxtaposing the mythological image of women in the role of mothers on the one hand, and the literary and artistic articulation of motherhood on the other. This opposition, exemplified through the forms of representation of motherhood in the popular Soviet journal “Rabotnitsa” and literary works of I. Grekova (1963), N. Baranskaia (1969) and L. Petrushevskaia (1992), shows that the intersection of the mythical and the literary is a place of deep inner tensions and conflicts. The novel Medea and Her Children (1996) by L. Ulitskaya, analyzed in the final chapter of the book, presents a fictional world in which gender differences are not mutually exclusive. Ulitskaya’s Medea serves as an alternative or, more precisely, a compromise subject: she is the “other” First, or, even more precisely, she is “above”, “on the other side” of the binary gender oppositions. The title of the book is, of course, of an intertextual nature and refers to the canonical travelogue written by Miroslav Krleža. The following quotation from Krleža’s afterword to his Journey to Russia illustrates my reading of Russian and Soviet literature, film and popular culture: “During this journey, more than in the statistics, the author was interested in people, human relationships, developments, political movements of the masses, public lighting, the broad Russian spectrum of this Slavic continent. The author observed the Russian churches and the ungodly with a lyrical eye, listening to the song of the Russian wind and thinking about the past and about the cultural issues more than about the statistics.” (Krleža 1973: 299). These desires – to observe people and human relationships in the broad spectrum of the “Slavic continent” and the wide field of art and popular culture – shaped my analytical optics and motivated me to go on a journey, me, the other, a foreigner and an alien, to Russia as the Other, but also to the otherness of Russia – through her myths, gender and class relationships and tensions, to the places where they intersect, blend and evade articulation

  • Izleti u Drugo: mit, klasa i rod : (rasprave o ruskoj književnosti, filmu i popularnoj kulturi)
    FF Open Press - izdanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu u otvorenom pristupu, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lugarić Vukas Danijela
    Abstract:

    The book deals with various Russian and Soviet cultural texts (literature, film, and popular culture) from a comparative perspective and through the methodological frameworks of myth, class, and gender. These are observed through their own performativeness and symbolic languages, but also in their interdependence: almost all analyses show that class articulations are coded through gender power relations, while some claim that the mythological gradually transfigures the class and gender field of the Russian and (post-)Soviet literatures and cultures. The book is divided into four parts: 1. Consumption, Class and Gender; 2. History, Memory and Trauma; 3. City, Resistance and Commodification; 4. Mother, Motherhood and Literature. In the first part, I explore the meanings inscribed in the representation and articulation of consumer practices and materiality in general and the ways in which these representations contribute to our understanding of class and class relations in the context of Russian and Soviet literature and culture. The analysis of Tolstoy’s famous novel Anna Karenina (1873–1878), which depicts Russian aristocracy during the period of its severe crisis, shows that, while articulating and positioning herself/himself through the various forms of the Other and otherness (which, as the novel demonstrates, are to be understood as specific perspectives and not stable entities), an individual simultaneously also produces her/his own otherness – her/his own exposure, criticism and vulnerability. Furthermore, in the chapter about the film Conspiracy of the Doomed (Zagovor obrechennyh), the novels The Twelve Chairs (1928) and The Golden Calf (1931) by Il’f and Petrov, and advertising posters, I explored the precarious position of traditional gender roles as a mechanism of promotion and regulation of consumption in (early) Soviet Socialism, which was a period marked by the NEP (New Economic Policy) and Stalin’s formation of a privileged class in the 1930s. Political and ideological treatment of certain consumer practices – a synthesis of abundance for some and “rational consumption” for others – required constant negotiation of the boundaries of the ideologically and morally acceptable. This is where gender roles, and particularly the role of women as consumers and of women as keepers of (symbolic) boundaries came to the forefront. In the second part of the book, the complex relationship between history, memory and trauma are analyzed, where trauma is at the same time the Other of national histories, but also where the memories of the excluded, “voiceless” individuals unfold. In the comparative analysis of Karlo Štajner’s memoirs 7000 Days in Sibiria (1971) and Danilo Kiš’s A Tomb for Boris Davidovich (1976), I explore the paradigm of literary exchange and circulation in the text through the cultural transfer of Štajner’s memories in Kiš’s literary masterpiece. I observe this transfer as a diegetic expression of Kiš paying off his so-called “literary debt”, which includes the following: Kiš’s Tomb on the one hand canonizes the status of Štajner as an immediate witness of the Gulag, and on the other hand, Kiš expresses his position as a writer burdened with postmemory, as defined by Marianne Hirsch. The chapter about Soviet melodramas from the period of late Soviet Socialism (Cranes are Flying, 1957, and Ballad of a Soldier, 1959) shows that both films, rooted in a specific metaphysics of time “out of joint” (J. Derrida), can be seen as an expression of the deconstruction of the optimistic myth of a “Socialism with the human face” which announced (a bright) future. The films are also observed through their gendered “blind spots”: since war is perceived as an exclusively “male zone”, Cranes are Flying could not have had such unreserved support from the public and political elite as Ballad of a Soldier. As in Kiš’s Tomb, in the films Wings (1966) by L. Shepit’ko and The Thief (1997) by P. Chukhrai, the figure of the absent man/father (the lost object) is where the mythical and the traumatic simultaneously unfold. Through the complex theoretical frameworks of memory and postmemory, myth and trauma, and of the uncanny as the very core of traumatic recollection, the chapter analyzes complex relationship between history, memory and trauma, where the cruelty of war turns into the cruelty of a lie. The third part of the book analyzes the ways in which the city produces the Other and otherness in literature and popular culture. This perspective opens up a series of insights relevant for both the local (Russian/Soviet) and the global context. The comparative analysis of Aksenov’s and Slamnig’s novels, both written in 1959, aims to answer the question to which extent the cultural contract between gender and the urban, which carries distinctly progressive and liberal meanings, reverberates through the novels’ poetics of gender. The chapter about the graffiti in Moscow and Saint Petersburg analyses what (post-)modern graffiti in these two Russian cities can say about the wall as the object of authority par excellence in the context of urban political economy through the dual nature of resistance and commodification of graffiti. Departing from the image of women as “ahistorical bearers of children” (“ahistorijska rađalica”, B. Despot), i.e. as subjects that biologically, symbolically and culturally reproduce the nation (N. Yuval-Davis), the final part of the book analyzes the representation of motherhood by juxtaposing the mythological image of women in the role of mothers on the one hand, and the literary and artistic articulation of motherhood on the other. This opposition, exemplified through the forms of representation of motherhood in the popular Soviet journal “Rabotnitsa” and literary works of I. Grekova (1963), N. Baranskaia (1969) and L. Petrushevskaia (1992), shows that the intersection of the mythical and the literary is a place of deep inner tensions and conflicts. The novel Medea and Her Children (1996) by L. Ulitskaya, analyzed in the final chapter of the book, presents a fictional world in which gender differences are not mutually exclusive. Ulitskaya’s Medea serves as an alternative or, more precisely, a compromise subject: she is the “other” First, or, even more precisely, she is “above”, “on the other side” of the binary gender oppositions. The title of the book is, of course, of an intertextual nature and refers to the canonical travelogue written by Miroslav Krleža. The following quotation from Krleža’s afterword to his Journey to Russia illustrates my reading of Russian and Soviet literature, film and popular culture: “During this journey, more than in the statistics, the author was interested in people, human relationships, developments, political movements of the masses, public lighting, the broad Russian spectrum of this Slavic continent. The author observed the Russian churches and the ungodly with a lyrical eye, listening to the song of the Russian wind and thinking about the past and about the cultural issues more than about the statistics.” (Krleža 1973: 299). These desires – to observe people and human relationships in the broad spectrum of the “Slavic continent” and the wide field of art and popular culture – shaped my analytical optics and motivated me to go on a journey, me, the other, a foreigner and an alien, to Russia as the Other, but also to the otherness of Russia – through her myths, gender and class relationships and tensions, to the places where they intersect, blend and evade articulation.The book deals with various Russian and Soviet cultural texts (literature, film, and popular culture) from a comparative perspective and through the methodological frameworks of myth, class, and gender. These are observed through their own performativeness and symbolic languages, but also in their interdependence: almost all analyses show that class articulations are coded through gender power relations, while some claim that the mythological gradually transfigures the class and gender field of the Russian and (post-)Soviet literatures and cultures. The book is divided into four parts: 1. Consumption, Class and Gender; 2. History, Memory and Trauma; 3. City, Resistance and Commodification; 4. Mother, Motherhood and Literature. In the first part, I explore the meanings inscribed in the representation and articulation of consumer practices and materiality in general and the ways in which these representations contribute to our understanding of class and class relations in the context of Russian and Soviet literature and culture. The analysis of Tolstoy’s famous novel Anna Karenina (1873–1878), which depicts Russian aristocracy during the period of its severe crisis, shows that, while articulating and positioning herself/himself through the various forms of the Other and otherness (which, as the novel demonstrates, are to be understood as specific perspectives and not stable entities), an individual simultaneously also produces her/his own otherness – her/his own exposure, criticism and vulnerability. Furthermore, in the chapter about the film Conspiracy of the Doomed (Zagovor obrechennyh), the novels The Twelve Chairs (1928) and The Golden Calf (1931) by Il’f and Petrov, and advertising posters, I explored the precarious position of traditional gender roles as a mechanism of promotion and regulation of consumption in (early) Soviet Socialism, which was a period marked by the NEP (New Economic Policy) and Stalin’s formation of a privileged class in the 1930s. Political and ideological treatment of certain consumer practices – a synthesis of abundance for some and “rational consumption” for others – required constant negotiation of the boundaries of the ideologically and morally acceptable. This is where gender roles, and particularly the role of women as consumers and of women as keepers of (symbolic) boundaries came to the forefront. In the second part of the book, the complex relationship between history, memory and trauma are analyzed, where trauma is at the same time the Other of national histories, but also where the memories of the excluded, “voiceless” individuals unfold. In the comparative analysis of Karlo Štajner’s memoirs 7000 Days in Sibiria (1971) and Danilo Kiš’s A Tomb for Boris Davidovich (1976), I explore the paradigm of literary exchange and circulation in the text through the cultural transfer of Štajner’s memories in Kiš’s literary masterpiece. I observe this transfer as a diegetic expression of Kiš paying off his so-called “literary debt”, which includes the following: Kiš’s Tomb on the one hand canonizes the status of Štajner as an immediate witness of the Gulag, and on the other hand, Kiš expresses his position as a writer burdened with postmemory, as defined by Marianne Hirsch. The chapter about Soviet melodramas from the period of late Soviet Socialism (Cranes are Flying, 1957, and Ballad of a Soldier, 1959) shows that both films, rooted in a specific metaphysics of time “out of joint” (J. Derrida), can be seen as an expression of the deconstruction of the optimistic myth of a “Socialism with the human face” which announced (a bright) future. The films are also observed through their gendered “blind spots”: since war is perceived as an exclusively “male zone”, Cranes are Flying could not have had such unreserved support from the public and political elite as Ballad of a Soldier. As in Kiš’s Tomb, in the films Wings (1966) by L. Shepit’ko and The Thief (1997) by P. Chukhrai, the figure of the absent man/father (the lost object) is where the mythical and the traumatic simultaneously unfold. Through the complex theoretical frameworks of memory and postmemory, myth and trauma, and of the uncanny as the very core of traumatic recollection, the chapter analyzes complex relationship between history, memory and trauma, where the cruelty of war turns into the cruelty of a lie. The third part of the book analyzes the ways in which the city produces the Other and otherness in literature and popular culture. This perspective opens up a series of insights relevant for both the local (Russian/Soviet) and the global context. The comparative analysis of Aksenov’s and Slamnig’s novels, both written in 1959, aims to answer the question to which extent the cultural contract between gender and the urban, which carries distinctly progressive and liberal meanings, reverberates through the novels’ poetics of gender. The chapter about the graffiti in Moscow and Saint Petersburg analyses what (post-)modern graffiti in these two Russian cities can say about the wall as the object of authority par excellence in the context of urban political economy through the dual nature of resistance and commodification of graffiti. Departing from the image of women as “ahistorical bearers of children” (“ahistorijska rađalica”, B. Despot), i.e. as subjects that biologically, symbolically and culturally reproduce the nation (N. Yuval-Davis), the final part of the book analyzes the representation of motherhood by juxtaposing the mythological image of women in the role of mothers on the one hand, and the literary and artistic articulation of motherhood on the other. This opposition, exemplified through the forms of representation of motherhood in the popular Soviet journal “Rabotnitsa” and literary works of I. Grekova (1963), N. Baranskaia (1969) and L. Petrushevskaia (1992), shows that the intersection of the mythical and the literary is a place of deep inner tensions and conflicts. The novel Medea and Her Children (1996) by L. Ulitskaya, analyzed in the final chapter of the book, presents a fictional world in which gender differences are not mutually exclusive. Ulitskaya’s Medea serves as an alternative or, more precisely, a compromise subject: she is the “other” First, or, even more precisely, she is “above”, “on the other side” of the binary gender oppositions. The title of the book is, of course, of an intertextual nature and refers to the canonical travelogue written by Miroslav Krleža. The following quotation from Krleža’s afterword to his Journey to Russia illustrates my reading of Russian and Soviet literature, film and popular culture: “During this journey, more than in the statistics, the author was interested in people, human relationships, developments, political movements of the masses, public lighting, the broad Russian spectrum of this Slavic continent. The author observed the Russian churches and the ungodly with a lyrical eye, listening to the song of the Russian wind and thinking about the past and about the cultural issues more than about the statistics.” (Krleža 1973: 299). These desires – to observe people and human relationships in the broad spectrum of the “Slavic continent” and the wide field of art and popular culture – shaped my analytical optics and motivated me to go on a journey, me, the other, a foreigner and an alien, to Russia as the Other, but also to the otherness of Russia – through her myths, gender and class relationships and tensions, to the places where they intersect, blend and evade articulation

Molano Camargo Frank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • La historia ambiental urbana: contexto de surgimiento y contribuciones para el análisis histórico de la ciudad
    Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias Humanas - Departamento de Historia, 2016
    Co-Authors: Molano Camargo Frank
    Abstract:

    Se plantea el surgimiento del campo de historia ambiental urbana, como resultado del posicionamiento intelectual de numerosos historiadores ante el impacto ambiental urbano del desarrollo de la globalización capitalista a partir de la década de 1970 y sobre todo tras la caída del Socialismo soviético. Abordar la historicidad de la relación sociedad-naturaleza en las ciudades, se convirtió en el objeto de este nuevo campo de estudios históricos. Para esto se realiza la revisión de la producción historiográfica disponible en América Latina, Estados Unidos y Europa que aborda aspectos ambientales urbanos en una perspectiva histórica, agrupándolos en cuatro enfoques analíticos de carácter interdisciplinario: redes de infraestructura, metabolismo socioeconómico y urbano, trayectorias dependientes y justicia ambiental.The emergence of urban environmental history is a result of the intellectual standing of historians relative to the environmental impact of the development of capitalist globalization beginning in the 1970s and, even more so, after the fall of Soviet Socialism. Attempting the historic connection of society and nature in urban areas became the objective of this new field of historical studies. For this endeavor, a review of the historic production available in Latin America, the United States and Europe is carried out, analyzing urban environmental aspects from a historical perspective, grouping them into four analytical approaches which are interdisciplinary in nature: infrastructure networks, socio-economic and urban metabolism, dependent pathways and environmental justice

Flórez G., León Arled - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Origins of Stalinism and the Collapse of the Democratic Alternative in Russia
    'Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana', 2020
    Co-Authors: Flórez G., León Arled
    Abstract:

    El artículo analiza la génesis del estalinismo en medio de otras alternativas históricas de carácter democrático que existieron y sucumbieron durante la revolución rusa de 1917. El colapso de dichas alternativas históricas facilitó el ascenso del estalinismo y la evolución del Socialismo soviético por cauces ajenos, e incluso opuestos a la doctrina marxista que lo inspiraba. El artículo trata de explicar aquellos factores objetivos que determinaron el curso que finalmente tomó la historia de la sociedad soviética.This article analyzes the genesis of Stalinism within the framework of other democratic historical alternatives that existed and lost out during the Russian revolution of 1917. The collapse of those historic alternatives facilitated the rise of Stalinism and the evolution of Soviet Socialism through unintented causes, which were opposed to the Marxist doctrine, which had inspired it. The article tries to explain thos objective factors which determined the course finally taken by the Soviet society