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Leslie L. Domier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-wide association study of the seed transmission rate of Soybean Mosaic Virus and associated traits using two diverse population panels.
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2019Co-Authors: Qiong Liu, Houston A. Hobbs, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:Key message Genome-wide association analyses identified candidates for genes involved in restricting Virus movement into embryonic tissues, suppressing Virus-induced seed coat mottling and preserving yield in Soybean plants infected with Soybean Mosaic Virus.
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role of Soybean Mosaic Virus encoded proteins in seed and aphid transmission in Soybean
Phytopathology, 2013Co-Authors: Sushma Jossey, Houston A. Hobbs, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:ABSTRACT Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in Soybean (Glycine max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted). As previously reported, the DAG amino acid sequence motif near the amino terminus of the coat protein (CP) was the major determinant in differences in aphid transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmissibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to D in the DAG motif and Q to P near...
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Role of Soybean Mosaic Virus–Encoded Proteins in Seed and Aphid Transmission in Soybean
Phytopathology, 2013Co-Authors: Sushma Jossey, Houston A. Hobbs, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:ABSTRACT Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in Soybean (Glycine max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted). As previously reported, the DAG amino acid sequence motif near the amino terminus of the coat protein (CP) was the major determinant in differences in aphid transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmissibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to D in the DAG motif and Q to P near...
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Similarities in seed and aphid transmission among Soybean Mosaic Virus isolates.
Plant disease, 2007Co-Authors: Leslie L. Domier, Houston A. Hobbs, Todd A. Steinlage, Y. Wang, Gabriel Herrera-rodríguez, J. S. Haudenshield, Nancy K. Mccoppin, Glen L. HartmanAbstract:Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is an aphid- and seed-transmitted Virus that infects Soybean (Glycine max) plants and causes significant yield losses. Seed-borne infections are the primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections. The strain specificity of SMV transmission through seed and SMV-induced seed-coat mottling were investigated in field experiments. Six Soybean plant introductions (PIs) were inoculated with eight SMV strains and isolates. Transmission of SMV through seed ranged from 0 to 43%, and isolate-by-Soybean line interactions occurred in both transmission rates and percentages of mottled seeds. For example, SMV 746 was transmitted through 43% of seed in PI 229324, but was not transmitted through seed of PIs 68522, 68671, or 86449. In contrast, SMV 413 was transmitted through seed from all PIs. SMVs that were transmitted poorly by the Asian Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, also were transmitted poorly through seed. No predicted amino acid sequences within the helper-component protease or coat protein coding regions differentiated the two groups of SMV strains. The loss of aphid and seed transmissibility by repeated mechanical transmission suggests that constant selection pressure is needed to maintain the regions of the SMV genome controlling the two phenotypes from genetic drift and loss of function.
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Soybean Mosaic Virus helper component-protease enhances somatic embryo production and stabilizes transgene expression in Soybean
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Hyoun-sub Lim, Kris N. Lambert, Hong Gi Kim, Schuyler S. Korban, Glen L. Hartman, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:Abstract Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) helper component protease (HC-Pro), a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing, was evaluated for its ability to enhance production of Soybean hygromycin-resistant somatic embryos (HR-SEs), and stabilize transgene expression. Immature Soybean cotyledonary explants were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain KYRT1 harboring either pCAMBIA1302, carrying a hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) and a gene encoding green fluorescent protein; pCAMBIA1305.1, carrying hpt and β-glucuronidase (uidA) genes; pG2-HC-Pro, a derivative of pCAMBIA1305.1 containing SMV G2 HC-Pro; or pG5-HC-Pro, a derivative of pCAMBIA1305.1 containing SMV G5 HC-Pro, but lacking uidA. Significantly (ρ
John H. Hill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The requirement of multiple defense genes in Soybean Rsv1-mediated extreme resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 2012Co-Authors: Chunquan Zhang, Sehiza Grosic, Steven A. Whitham, John H. HillAbstract:Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is a major viral pathogen of Soybean. Among the three SMV resistance genes, Rsv1 mediates extreme resistance (ER) against most SMV strains, including the β-glucuronidase-tagged G2 isolate that was previously used in studies of Rsv1. Using Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we screened 82 VIGS constructs to identify genes that play a role in Rsv1-mediated ER to SMV infection. The target genes included putative Rsv1 candidate genes, Soybean orthologs to known defense-signaling genes, and 62 WRKY transcription factors. We identified eight VIGS constructs that compromised Rsv1-mediated resistance when the target genes were silenced, including GmEDR1, GmEDS1, GmHSP90, GmJAR1, GmPAD4, and two WRKY transcription factors. Together, our results provide new insight into the Soybean signaling network required for ER against SMV.
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Pathogen-derived transgenic resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean
Molecular Breeding, 2001Co-Authors: Xinyu Wang, Forrest W. Nutter, Alan L. Eggenberger, John H. HillAbstract:Development of transgenic disease resistance in Soybeans, despite progress in other important crop plants, has advanced slowly. In this study, transgenic Soybean plants resistant to Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) were obtained by transforming with the coat protein gene and the 3′-UTR from SMV. Four insertion events were detected in a T_0 plant obtained by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation. Self-pollination of T_0 progeny yielded four homozygous transgenic lines with a single insertion event or combinations of two insertion events in the T_3 generation. A single coat protein gene transcript was detected in all four transgenic lines, and Virus coat protein was detected in three transgenic lines. Two transgenic lines were highly resistant to the Virus. These constitute the first example of stable genetically engineered disease resistance in Soybean.
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Quantification of Within-Field Spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean Using Strain-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies
Phytopathology, 1998Co-Authors: Forrest W. Nutter, Patricia M. Schultz, John H. HillAbstract:Nutter, F. W., Jr., Schultz, P. M., and Hill, J. H. 1998. Quantification of within-field spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean using strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Phytopathology 88:895-901. Strain-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to follow the temporal increase and spatial spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) strain G-5 released from a point source. The use of strain-specific monoclonal antibodies allowed discrimination of within-field temporal and spatial spread of SMV strain G-5 from non-G-5 SMV isolates that originated from exogenous field sources. SMV isolates originating from exogenous sources have potential to alter the temporal and spatial pattern of within-field Virus spread, which could potentially affect the choice of models used to quantify within-field pathogen spread. Analysis of SMV epidemics in field-plot experiments
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Variation of Cell-free Translation Profiles Among Pathogenic Strains of Soybean Mosaic Virus
Journal of Phytopathology, 1993Co-Authors: L. M. Mansky, D. P. Durand, Theodore B. Bailey, John H. HillAbstract:Cell-free translation products from isolates representing Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) strains G1 to G7 and G7a, along with several other SMV isolates, were analyzed. SMV RNAs were translated in both rabbit reticulocyte lysates and wheat germ extracts, yielding approximately 20 translation products for each strain from each translation system. Comparison of translation profiles by the presence or absence of proteins allowed for the formation of distinctive groups from each cell-free translation system. Groupings formed by analysis of products from rabbit reticulocyte lysates correlated with pathogenicity; groupings formed by analysis of products from wheat germ extracts had no apparent biological significance.
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Effects of temperature of the maintenance of resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean
Phytopathology, 1991Co-Authors: L. M. Mansky, D. P. Durand, John H. HillAbstract:The effects of temperature on naturally occurring disease resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV), strain G, were studied by using resistant Soybean lines PI 96983, L78-379, and Davis. When plants were shifted from 20 C to 10 C for 10 days, coat protein of SMV-G2 accumulated in trifoliolate leaves of resistant plants inoculated with SMV, but did not at the higher temperatures tested. Infectious SMV was recovered from these leaves by a local-lesion assay. Temperature had no apparent effect on the accumulation of coat protein of SMV-G2 in trifoliolate leaves of inoculated plants of the susceptible cultivar Williams '82 (...)
Forrest W. Nutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence, incidence, and spatial dependence of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Iowa.
Phytopathology, 2010Co-Authors: Alison E. Robertson, Emmanuel Byamukama, Forrest W. NutterAbstract:ABSTRACT The prevalence of Soybean fields with plants infected with Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) in Iowa is assumed to be random, because the primary source of the Virus is SMV-infected seed. Data collected from 2,500 Soybean fields sampled over a 3-year period as part of the Iowa Soybean Disease Survey (2005 to 2007) were used to evaluate this assumption. SMV was first detected in early June of each year but counties in which it was first detected varied among years. Prevalence at the county scale at end of season was 32.3, 27.3, and 89.9% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. End-of-season incidence of SMV within SMV-positive counties was 1.5 to 25.0, 1.7 to 24, and 1.8 to 58% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. The number of fields in which plants infected with SMV were detected increased at the linear rate of approximately one new field every 2 days in 2007, compared with one new field every 22 days (2005) and 21 days (2006), with coefficients of determination (R2) of 93.2 to 96.8% using the linear ...
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Temporal and Spatial Spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) in Soybeans Transformed with the Coat Protein Gene of SMV.
Phytopathology, 2002Co-Authors: T. A. Steinlage, J. H. Hill, Forrest W. NutterAbstract:Steinlage, T. A., Hill, J. H., and Nutter, F. W., Jr. 2002. Temporal and spatial spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) in Soybeans transformed with the coat protein gene of SMV. Phytopathology 92:478-486. Soybean lines transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) were evaluated for SMV resistance by quantifying the temporal and spatial spread of SMV strain AL-5 released from a point source in the field. The temporal spread of SMV within field plots during 1999 and 2000 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Gompertz model most appropriately described temporal spread. Two SMV CP transformed lines (genotypes) had significantly lower infection rates and significantly lower final SMV incidence values (P ≤ 0.05) compared with controls that did not contain the CP gene. Ordinary runs analysis revealed that the spatial pattern of SMV-infected quadrats was more clustered in plots with higher SMV infection rates. Soybean lines with the lowest infection rates had significantly higher yields in 2000 and significantly less seed coat mottling compared with the controls. To our knowledge, this is the first field study demonstrating the effectiveness of pathogen-derived resistance on the temporal and spatial dynamics of pathogen spread in Soybean.
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Pathogen-derived transgenic resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean
Molecular Breeding, 2001Co-Authors: Xinyu Wang, Forrest W. Nutter, Alan L. Eggenberger, John H. HillAbstract:Development of transgenic disease resistance in Soybeans, despite progress in other important crop plants, has advanced slowly. In this study, transgenic Soybean plants resistant to Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) were obtained by transforming with the coat protein gene and the 3′-UTR from SMV. Four insertion events were detected in a T_0 plant obtained by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation. Self-pollination of T_0 progeny yielded four homozygous transgenic lines with a single insertion event or combinations of two insertion events in the T_3 generation. A single coat protein gene transcript was detected in all four transgenic lines, and Virus coat protein was detected in three transgenic lines. Two transgenic lines were highly resistant to the Virus. These constitute the first example of stable genetically engineered disease resistance in Soybean.
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Quantification of Within-Field Spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean Using Strain-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies
Phytopathology, 1998Co-Authors: Forrest W. Nutter, Patricia M. Schultz, John H. HillAbstract:Nutter, F. W., Jr., Schultz, P. M., and Hill, J. H. 1998. Quantification of within-field spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean using strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Phytopathology 88:895-901. Strain-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to follow the temporal increase and spatial spread of Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) strain G-5 released from a point source. The use of strain-specific monoclonal antibodies allowed discrimination of within-field temporal and spatial spread of SMV strain G-5 from non-G-5 SMV isolates that originated from exogenous field sources. SMV isolates originating from exogenous sources have potential to alter the temporal and spatial pattern of within-field Virus spread, which could potentially affect the choice of models used to quantify within-field pathogen spread. Analysis of SMV epidemics in field-plot experiments
Sue A. Tolin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A transcriptional regulatory network of Rsv3-mediated extreme resistance against Soybean Mosaic Virus.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Lindsay C. Demers, Sue A. Tolin, Neelam Redekar, Aardra Kachroo, M. A. Saghai MaroofAbstract:Resistance genes are an effective means for disease control in plants. They predominantly function by inducing a hypersensitive reaction, which results in localized cell death restricting pathogen spread. Some resistance genes elicit an atypical response, termed extreme resistance, where resistance is not associated with a hypersensitive reaction and its standard defense responses. Unlike hypersensitive reaction, the molecular regulatory mechanism(s) underlying extreme resistance is largely unexplored. One of the few known, naturally occurring, instances of extreme resistance is resistance derived from the Soybean Rsv3 gene, which confers resistance against the most virulent Soybean Mosaic Virus strains. To discern the regulatory mechanism underlying Rsv3-mediated extreme resistance, we generated a gene regulatory network using transcriptomic data from time course comparisons of Soybean Mosaic Virus-G7-inoculated resistant (L29, Rsv3-genotype) and susceptible (Williams82, rsv3-genotype) Soybean cultivars. Our results show Rsv3 begins mounting a defense by 6 hpi via a complex phytohormone network, where abscisic acid, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid pathways are suppressed. We identified putative regulatory interactions between transcription factors and genes in phytohormone regulatory pathways, which is consistent with the demonstrated involvement of these pathways in Rsv3-mediated resistance. One such transcription factor identified as a putative transcriptional regulator was MYC2 encoded by Glyma.07G051500. Known as a master regulator of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid signaling, MYC2 specifically recognizes the G-box motif ("CACGTG"), which was significantly enriched in our data among differentially expressed genes implicated in abscisic acid- and jasmonic acid-related activities. This suggests an important role for Glyma.07G051500 in abscisic acid- and jasmonic acid-derived defense signaling in Rsv3. Resultantly, the findings from our network offer insights into genes and biological pathways underlying the molecular defense mechanism of Rsv3-mediated extreme resistance against Soybean Mosaic Virus. The computational pipeline used to reconstruct the gene regulatory network in this study is freely available at https://github.com/LiLabAtVT/rsv3-network.
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Pyramiding of Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance Genes by Marker‐Assisted Selection
Crop Science, 2008Co-Authors: M. A. Saghai Maroof, G. R. Buss, I. Gunduz, Soon-chun Jeong, Dominic M. Tucker, Sue A. TolinAbstract:Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) causes a disease of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Men.] that is prevalent throughout the United States. The disease can be effectively managed through the deployment of single-dominant resistance genes known as Rsv genes that confer resistance to different strains of SMV. Pyramiding respective Rsv genes from different loci (Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4) through marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an ideal method for creating durable and wide spectrum resistance to all strains of SMV. In this study, simple sequence repeat markers were used to create isogenic lines of the susceptible cultivar Essex containing one, two, or three Rsv loci for observing background and epistatic effects of Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4 on inoculation with six strains of SMV. Results indicate that an Essex background or modifier genes from the donor source had effects on reactions of Rsv3 and Rsv4 genes, causing the isogenic lines to be more susceptible than the Rsv donor parents. Two-gene and three-gene isolines of Rsv1Rsv3, Rsv1Rsv4 and Rsv1Rsv3Rsv4, acted in a complementary manner, conferring resistance against all strains of SMV, whereas isolines of Rsv3Rsv4 displayed a late susceptible reaction to selected SMV strains. We demonstrate with MAS and three near-isogenic lines, each containing a different SMV-resistance gene, that pyramided lines can be generated in a straightforward manner into two- or three-gene-containing lines with high levels of resistance to SMV.
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pyramiding of Soybean Mosaic Virus resistance genes by marker assisted selection
Crop Science, 2008Co-Authors: M Saghai A Maroof, G. R. Buss, I. Gunduz, Soon-chun Jeong, Dominic M. Tucker, Sue A. TolinAbstract:Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) causes a disease of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Men.] that is prevalent throughout the United States. The disease can be effectively managed through the deployment of single-dominant resistance genes known as Rsv genes that confer resistance to different strains of SMV. Pyramiding respective Rsv genes from different loci (Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4) through marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an ideal method for creating durable and wide spectrum resistance to all strains of SMV. In this study, simple sequence repeat markers were used to create isogenic lines of the susceptible cultivar Essex containing one, two, or three Rsv loci for observing background and epistatic effects of Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4 on inoculation with six strains of SMV. Results indicate that an Essex background or modifier genes from the donor source had effects on reactions of Rsv3 and Rsv4 genes, causing the isogenic lines to be more susceptible than the Rsv donor parents. Two-gene and three-gene isolines of Rsv1Rsv3, Rsv1Rsv4 and Rsv1Rsv3Rsv4, acted in a complementary manner, conferring resistance against all strains of SMV, whereas isolines of Rsv3Rsv4 displayed a late susceptible reaction to selected SMV strains. We demonstrate with MAS and three near-isogenic lines, each containing a different SMV-resistance gene, that pyramided lines can be generated in a straightforward manner into two- or three-gene-containing lines with high levels of resistance to SMV.
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Establishment and maintenance of Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybean callus culture
Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2004Co-Authors: Pengyin Chen, G. R. Buss, Richard E. Veilleux, Sue A. TolinAbstract:Susceptibility to inoculation with Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) and Virus activity were investigated in Soybean callus cultures growing in vitro. Excised hypocotyls of susceptible Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Essex’, were cultured in Msoy medium in the light at 25 °C. Established calluses were inoculated with SMV in vitro by a soak–prick method. In addition, SMV-infected leaves of Soybean ‘Lee 68’ were surface sterilized, excised, and placed on callus-inducing medium. Calluses infected with SMV initiated by either method grew in vitro as well as calluses from uninfected tissues. Callus cultures turned brownish yellow after 6–8 weeks, when the media became depleted of nutrients. However, callus with an active SMV infection could be maintained by regular subculture to fresh medium. Longevity of SMV–callus cultures was increased by storage at 10–15 °C, thus reducing the frequency of transfers. The Virus was detected in infected calluses by serological tests. Infectivity assays confirmed the presence and vi...
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Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus Resistance in PI 88788 Soybean.
Phytopathology, 2004Co-Authors: I. Gunduz, Pengyin Chen, G. R. Buss, Sue A. TolinAbstract:ABSTRACT Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) was identified in PI 88788 Soybean, a germ plasm accession from China that is used widely as a source of resistance to Soybean cyst nematode. Strains SMV-G1 through -G7 infected the inoculated leaves of PI 88788 but were not detected in upper, noninoculated trifoliolate leaves. Inheritance of resistance was determined by inoculating progenies of crosses of PI 88788 with susceptible cvs. Essex and Lee 68 with SMV strains G1 and G7. Allelomorphic relationships with known genes for resistance to SMV were tested in crosses with the resistant genotypes PI 96983, L29, and V94-5152, possessing Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4 genes, respectively. Data analyses showed that resistance in PI 88788 to SMV-G1 is controlled by a single, partially dominant gene; however, to SMV-G7, the same gene was completely dominant. The PI 88788 gene was independent of the Rsv1 and Rsv3 loci, but allelic to Rsv4 in V94-5152. Expression of the Rsv4 gene in PI 88788 resulted in a reduced number o...
Houston A. Hobbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-wide association study of the seed transmission rate of Soybean Mosaic Virus and associated traits using two diverse population panels.
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2019Co-Authors: Qiong Liu, Houston A. Hobbs, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:Key message Genome-wide association analyses identified candidates for genes involved in restricting Virus movement into embryonic tissues, suppressing Virus-induced seed coat mottling and preserving yield in Soybean plants infected with Soybean Mosaic Virus.
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role of Soybean Mosaic Virus encoded proteins in seed and aphid transmission in Soybean
Phytopathology, 2013Co-Authors: Sushma Jossey, Houston A. Hobbs, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:ABSTRACT Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in Soybean (Glycine max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted). As previously reported, the DAG amino acid sequence motif near the amino terminus of the coat protein (CP) was the major determinant in differences in aphid transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmissibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to D in the DAG motif and Q to P near...
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Role of Soybean Mosaic Virus–Encoded Proteins in Seed and Aphid Transmission in Soybean
Phytopathology, 2013Co-Authors: Sushma Jossey, Houston A. Hobbs, Leslie L. DomierAbstract:ABSTRACT Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is seed and aphid transmitted and can cause significant reductions in yield and seed quality in Soybean (Glycine max). The roles in seed and aphid transmission of selected SMV-encoded proteins were investigated by constructing mutants in and chimeric recombinants between SMV 413 (efficiently aphid and seed transmitted) and an isolate of SMV G2 (not aphid or seed transmitted). As previously reported, the DAG amino acid sequence motif near the amino terminus of the coat protein (CP) was the major determinant in differences in aphid transmissibility of the two SMV isolates, and helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) played a secondary role. Seed transmission of SMV was influenced by P1, HC-Pro, and CP. Replacement of the P1 coding region of SMV 413 with that of SMV G2 significantly enhanced seed transmissibility of SMV 413. Substitution in SMV 413 of the two amino acids that varied in the CPs of the two isolates with those from SMV G2, G to D in the DAG motif and Q to P near...
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Similarities in seed and aphid transmission among Soybean Mosaic Virus isolates.
Plant disease, 2007Co-Authors: Leslie L. Domier, Houston A. Hobbs, Todd A. Steinlage, Y. Wang, Gabriel Herrera-rodríguez, J. S. Haudenshield, Nancy K. Mccoppin, Glen L. HartmanAbstract:Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is an aphid- and seed-transmitted Virus that infects Soybean (Glycine max) plants and causes significant yield losses. Seed-borne infections are the primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections. The strain specificity of SMV transmission through seed and SMV-induced seed-coat mottling were investigated in field experiments. Six Soybean plant introductions (PIs) were inoculated with eight SMV strains and isolates. Transmission of SMV through seed ranged from 0 to 43%, and isolate-by-Soybean line interactions occurred in both transmission rates and percentages of mottled seeds. For example, SMV 746 was transmitted through 43% of seed in PI 229324, but was not transmitted through seed of PIs 68522, 68671, or 86449. In contrast, SMV 413 was transmitted through seed from all PIs. SMVs that were transmitted poorly by the Asian Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, also were transmitted poorly through seed. No predicted amino acid sequences within the helper-component protease or coat protein coding regions differentiated the two groups of SMV strains. The loss of aphid and seed transmissibility by repeated mechanical transmission suggests that constant selection pressure is needed to maintain the regions of the SMV genome controlling the two phenotypes from genetic drift and loss of function.