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Kriss J. Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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NASA Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) Deep Space Habitat Analog
AIAA SPACE 2013 Conference and Exposition, 2013Co-Authors: A. Scott Howe, Kriss J. Kennedy, Tracy GillAbstract:The NASA Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) vertical cylinder Habitat was established as a exploration Habitat testbed platform for integration and testing of a variety of technologies and subsystems that will be required in a human-occupied planetary surface outpost or Deep Space Habitat (DSH). The HDU functioned as a medium-fidelity Habitat prototype from 2010-2012 and allowed teams from all over NASA to collaborate on field analog missions, mission operations tests, and system integration tests to help shake out equipment and provide feedback for technology development cycles and crew training. This paper documents the final 2012 configuration of the HDU, and discusses some of the testing that took place. Though much of the higher-fidelity functionality has 'graduated' into other NASA programs, as of this writing the HDU, renamed Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA), will continue to be available as a volumetric and operational mockup for NASA Human Research Program (HRP) research from 2013 onward.
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skylab ii making a deep Space Habitat from a Space launch system propellant tank
AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition, 2012Co-Authors: Brand N Griffin, Larry Toups, Kriss J. Kennedy, Tracy Gill, David Smitherman, Scott A HoweAbstract:Called a "House in Space," Skylab was an innovative program that used a converted Saturn V launch vehicle propellant tank as a Space station Habitat. It was launched in 1973 fully equipped with provisions for three separate missions of three astronauts each. The size and lift capability of the Saturn V enabled a large diameter Habitat, solar telescope, multiple docking adaptor, and airlock to be placed on-orbit with a single launch. Today, the envisioned Space Launch System (SLS) offers similar size and lift capabilities that are ideally suited for a Skylab type mission. An envisioned Skylab II mission would employ the same propellant tank concept; however serve a different mission. In this case, the SLS upper stage hydrogen tank is used as a Deep Space Habitat (DSH) for NASA s planned missions to asteroids, Earth-Moon Lagrangian point and Mars.
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The Habitat Demonstration Unit Project: A Modular Instrumentation System for a Deep Space Habitat
AIAA SPACE 2011 Conference & Exposition, 2011Co-Authors: Kristina Rojdev, Kriss J. Kennedy, Hester Yim, Robert M. Williamsn, Scott Hafermalz, Raymond S. WagnerAbstract:NASA is focused on developing human exploration capabilities in low Earth orbit (LEO), expanding to near Earth asteroids (NEA), and finally to Mars. Habitation is a crucial aspect of human exploration, and a current focus of NASA activities. The Habitation Demonstration Unit (HDU) is a project focused on developing an autonomous Habitation system that enables human exploration of Space by providing engineers and scientists with a test bed to develop, integrate, test, and evaluate Habitation systems. A critical feature of the HDU is the instrumentation system, which monitors key subsystems within the Habitat. The following paper will discuss the HDU instrumentation system performance and lessons learned during the 2010 Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RaTS). In addition, this paper will discuss the evolution of the instrumentation system to support the 2011 Deep Space Habitat configuration and a process for implementing and upgrading future instrumentation systems for the HDU project.
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NASA Habitat Demonstration Unit Project - Deep Space Habitat Overview
41st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2011Co-Authors: Kriss J. KennedyAbstract:This paper gives an overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led multi-center Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) project development of a Deep Space Habitat (DSH) configuration that will be analog field-tested during the 2011 Desert Research and Technologies Studies (D-RATS) field tests. The HDU project is a “technology and innovation pull” rapid prototyping project that integrates technologies and innovations from multiple NASA centers. This project will repurpose the HDU Pressurized Excursion Module (PEM) that was field tested in the 2010 D-RATS by adding Habitation functionality to the existing operational prototype unit. The 2011 HDU-DSH configuration will build upon the 2010 HDU effort with added emphasis of crew operations (Habitation and living, etc), Extravehicular Activities (EVA) operations, mission operations, logistics operations, and science operations that will be required in a deep Space mission to a Near Earth Asteroid (NEA). The HDU project consists of a multi-center team assembled together in a rapid prototyping tiger-team approach to quickly build, test, and validate hardware and operations in analog testing environments. The 2011 analog field test will include Multi Mission Space Exploration Vehicles (MMSEV) and the DSH among other demonstration elements to be brought together in a mission architecture context. This paper will describe an overview of the overall objectives, Habitat configuration, strategic plan, and technology integration as it pertains to the 2011 field tests. This paper is intended to provide a context for the HDU project rapid-prototyping efforts rather than a detailed description of a DSH design or architecture.
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HDU Deep Space Habitat (DSH) Overview
2011Co-Authors: Kriss J. KennedyAbstract:This paper gives an overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led multi-center Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) project Deep Space Habitat (DSH) analog that will be field-tested during the 2011 Desert Research and Technologies Studies (D-RATS) field tests. The HDU project is a “technology pull” project that integrates technologies and innovations from multiple NASA centers. This project will repurpose the HDU Pressurized Excursion Module (PEM) that was field tested in the 2010 D-RATS, adding Habitation functionality to the prototype unit. The 2010 configuration of the HDU-PEM consisted of a lunar surface laboratory module that was used to bring over 20 Habitation-related technologies together in a single platform that could be tested as an advanced Habitation analog in the context of mission architectures and surface operations. The 2011 HDU-DSH configuration will build upon the PEM work, and emphasize validity of crew operations (Habitation and living, etc), EVA operations, mission operations, logistics operations, and science operations that might be required in a deep Space context for Near Earth Object (NEO) exploration mission architectures. The HDU project consists of a multi-center team brought together in a skunkworks approach to quickly build and validate hardware in analog environments. The HDU project is part of the strategic plan from the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) Directorate Integration Office (DIO) and the Exploration Mission Systems Office (EMSO) to test destination elements in analog environments. The 2011 analog field test will include Multi Mission Space Exploration Vehicles (MMSEV) and the DSH among other demonstration elements to be brought together in a mission architecture context. This paper will describe overall objectives, various Habitat configurations, strategic plan, and technology integration as it pertains to the 2011 field tests.
Michael Amoroso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Designing for Virtual Windows in a Deep Space Habitat
43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2013Co-Authors: A. Scott Howe, Robert Howard, Nathan Moore, Michael AmorosoAbstract:This paper discusses configurations and test analogs toward the design of a virtual window capability in a Deep Space Habitat. Long-duration Space missions will require crews to remain in the confines of a Spacecraft for extended periods of time, with possible harmful effects if a crewmember cannot cope with the small habitable volume. Virtual windows expand perceived volume using a minimal amount of image projection equipment and computing resources, and allow a limited immersion in remote environments. Uses for the virtual window include: live or augmented reality views of the external environment; flight deck, piloting, observation, or other participation in remote missions through live transmission of cameras mounted to remote vehicles; pre-recorded background views of nature areas, seasonal occurrences, or cultural events; and pre-recorded events such as birthdays, anniversaries, and other meaningful events prepared by ground support and families of the crewmembers.
A. Scott Howe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workstation Designs for a Cis-Lunar Deep Space Habitat
AIAA SPACE 2014 Conference and Exposition, 2014Co-Authors: A. Scott HoweAbstract:Using the International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) system, a suite of workstations required for deep Space missions have been proposed to fill out Habitation functions in an International Space Station (ISS) derived Cis-lunar Deep Space Habitat. This paper introduces the functional layout of the Cis-lunar Habitat design, and describes conceptual designs for modular deployable work surfaces, General Maintenance Workstation (GMWS), In-Space Manufacturing Workstation (ISMW), Intra-Vehicular Activity Telerobotics Work Station (IVA-TRWS), and Galley / Wardroom.
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Random Access Frames (RAF): alternative to rack and standoff for deep Space Habitat outfitting
2014Co-Authors: A. Scott Howe, Raul Polit-casillasAbstract:A modular Random Access Frame (RAF) system is proposed as an alternative to the International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) for internal module layout and outfitting in a Deep Space Habitat (DSH). The ISPR approach was designed to allow for efficient interchangeability of payload and experiments for the International Space Station (ISS) when frequent resupply missions were available (particularly the now-retired Space Shuttle). Though the standard interface approach to the ISPR system allowed integration of subsystems and hardware from a variety of sources and manufacturers, the heavy rack and standoff approach may not be appropriate when resupply or swap-out capabilities are not available, such as on deep Space, long-duration missions. The lightweight RAF concept can allow a more dense packing of stowage and equipment, and may be easily broken down for repurposing or reuse. Several example layouts and workstations are presented.
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NASA Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) Deep Space Habitat Analog
AIAA SPACE 2013 Conference and Exposition, 2013Co-Authors: A. Scott Howe, Kriss J. Kennedy, Tracy GillAbstract:The NASA Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) vertical cylinder Habitat was established as a exploration Habitat testbed platform for integration and testing of a variety of technologies and subsystems that will be required in a human-occupied planetary surface outpost or Deep Space Habitat (DSH). The HDU functioned as a medium-fidelity Habitat prototype from 2010-2012 and allowed teams from all over NASA to collaborate on field analog missions, mission operations tests, and system integration tests to help shake out equipment and provide feedback for technology development cycles and crew training. This paper documents the final 2012 configuration of the HDU, and discusses some of the testing that took place. Though much of the higher-fidelity functionality has 'graduated' into other NASA programs, as of this writing the HDU, renamed Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA), will continue to be available as a volumetric and operational mockup for NASA Human Research Program (HRP) research from 2013 onward.
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Designing for Virtual Windows in a Deep Space Habitat
43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2013Co-Authors: A. Scott Howe, Robert Howard, Nathan Moore, Michael AmorosoAbstract:This paper discusses configurations and test analogs toward the design of a virtual window capability in a Deep Space Habitat. Long-duration Space missions will require crews to remain in the confines of a Spacecraft for extended periods of time, with possible harmful effects if a crewmember cannot cope with the small habitable volume. Virtual windows expand perceived volume using a minimal amount of image projection equipment and computing resources, and allow a limited immersion in remote environments. Uses for the virtual window include: live or augmented reality views of the external environment; flight deck, piloting, observation, or other participation in remote missions through live transmission of cameras mounted to remote vehicles; pre-recorded background views of nature areas, seasonal occurrences, or cultural events; and pre-recorded events such as birthdays, anniversaries, and other meaningful events prepared by ground support and families of the crewmembers.
Robert E Skelton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review of Space Habitat designs for long term Space explorations
Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Muhao Chen, Raman Goyal, Manoranjan Majji, Robert E SkeltonAbstract:Abstract This review paper attempts to provide a useful reference for Space Habitat designs that advance the ability of humans to live in Space for long periods of time. Five Space Habitat design concepts are reviewed with the principal aim of addressing the five fundamental problems in long term Space exploration: artificial gravity, efficient radiation protection, sustainable food, growth strategy, and commercial values. The design of principal categories of life support systems, Habitat subsystems, economics and cost reduction approaches are presented with a focus on establishing useful sources of fundamental issues in the literature, as well as highlighting important research directions and topics. Humans have enjoyed isolated successes in Space, but the international Space station (ISS) is going to retire soon. The Space Habitat design for long-duration use will be the next ambitious Space program with contributions from the world-wide scientific and technical community. The overarching theme of the paper is to show the diversity, richness, and fundamental problems of Habitat designs that have been undertaken in the last 60 years of Space exploration.
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Design and analysis of a growable artificial gravity Space Habitat
Aerospace Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Muhao Chen, Raman Goyal, Manoranjan Majji, Robert E SkeltonAbstract:Abstract The goal of this study is to show the feasibility of designing a Space Habitat that advances the ability of humans to live in Space for long periods. We first review the previous work on Space explorations and summarized five unsolved fundamental problems: providing gravity, radiation protection, sustainable life support system, a large open Space for human physiological and psychological comfort (survivable by professionals in trades other than highly trained astronauts), and a growth strategy to avoid the economic infeasibility of starting with the largest final version of the Habitat. We present a detailed design of a rotating shielded Habitat system and a growth strategy by repeated addition of new layers, without disturbing the inhabitants of the current Habitat. The tensegrity paradigm is used to design the structure and to optimize the mass and cost of the Habitat. Then, a detailed discussion of the structural dynamics and attitude control is given. Based on the human needs of temperature, cosmic radiation protection, atmosphere, clean water, food, physical fitness, and mental health, a life support system is demonstrated to show the livable environment under thermal and energy equilibrium. This Habitat, Space village one, allows a long-term human presence in Space such as Space tourism, interstellar travel, Space mineral mining, Mars colonization, etc.
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integrating structure and control design using the tensegrity paradigm
THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS (ICCM2018), 2018Co-Authors: Robert E SkeltonAbstract:Tensegrity concepts have proven to be important in structure design, especially when minimal mass is required. Tensegrity also has key features that allow researchers to integrate structure and control design, by preserving controllable features during the structure design. This talk will present methods to facilitate this integration. First, we will show the exact nonlinear dynamics for any tensegrity system of any complexity, when the bars are treated as rigid and the strings are elastic. These methods select generalized coordinates to be vectors, not a set of scalars. The final equations of motion contain no transcendental functions, making computations more accurate. Secondly, we show a method called "Information Architecture" that automatically selects which strings should be controlled and which should serve as sensors. By integrating the multidisciplinary use of strings (structural members serving simultaneously as sensors and actuators), one can design structure to coordinate with control objectives to use the smallest control energy and the smallest structural mass to satisfy the performance objectives. Examples will include an artificial gravity Space Habitat, an energy-absorber lander for Mars or the Moon, a robot design, and tensegrity platforms for launching mined lunar material into lunar orbit for utilization of in-Space materials.
Irene Lia Schlacht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Space design
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2011Co-Authors: Irene Lia Schlacht, Henrik BirkeAbstract:Space stations, Moon bases and Mars bases are artificial Habitats intended to support human life in extreme conditions. Their purpose is to pursue human progress and to gain knowledge and experience of the environment surrounding our planet. This research focuses on visual investigation in order to improve interface design in Space Habitat interiors. The subject of this article is why the visual interface (as created through color, light, and artistic and natural visual inputs) is to be considered as fundamental for user reliability in isolated Space Habitats. The aim is to improve the quality of living conditions in today’s International Space Station (ISS) and in future long-term missions to Mars but also in more immediate prospects such as Space tourism. Taking into account experiences from an internship in Thales Alenia Space, ESA Space Habitat Workshops and PhD studies on Space Habitability, the authors’ purpose is to enhance the development of concepts and projects on Spacecraft visual interface with an ergonomic approach. The main topics in this paper are the following: (1) Visual needs in Space Habitat interiors. (2) Sight modification in Space environment. (3) Design: Project Requirements for Outer Space. (4) Moon Base Design.
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Space extreme design
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2010Co-Authors: Irene Lia SchlachtAbstract:This paper is an introduction to the following five articles, that have been conceived together as one chapter on habitability consideration for outer Space Habitations. Those contributions are made from authors in different fields, cultures and countries working with the Extreme-Design.eu research group. Projects, theories and requirements are referred to the context of outer Space Habitats, where for the love of knowledge, human beings are living under extreme condition. The group purpose is to apply holistic approach (using both scientific and humanity discipines) towards Space Habitat design to support human cultural experience and improve technical reliability. Space Anthropology, Space Design, Space Art and Space Psychology are the established disciplines here considered to have a bearing on astronaut reliability. With multidisciplinary contributions, natural design philosophy- and human-centred design, these papers aim of collecting a range of solutions and innovative ideas on how to increase habitability in Space.
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Space extreme design
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2010Co-Authors: Irene Lia SchlachtAbstract:This paper is an introduction to the following five articles, that have been conceived together as one chapter on habitability consideration for outer Space Habitations. Those contributions are made from authors in different fields, cultures and countries working with the Extreme-Design.eu research group. Projects, theories and requirements are referred to the context of outer Space Habitats, where for the love of knowledge, human beings are living under extreme condition. The group purpose is to apply holistic approach (using both scientific and humanity discipines) towards Space Habitat design to support human cultural experience and improve technical reliability. Space Anthropology, Space Design, Space Art and Space Psychology are the established disciplines here considered to have a bearing on astronaut reliability. With multidisciplinary contributions, natural design philosophy- and human-centred design, these papers aim of collecting a range of solutions and innovative ideas on how to increase habitability in Space.
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Color perception in microgravity conditions: The results of CROMOS parabolic flight experiment
Microgravity Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Irene Lia Schlacht, S. Brambillasca, H. BirkeAbstract:The aims of this research are first to verify the actual difference in color perception between conditions in Earth’s (1×g) and parabolic flight’s microgravitational conditions (μg) and to improve the methodology used for data collection, testing the CROMOS software for color sensitivity investigation. Additionally this paper seeks to establish a larger awareness of microgravity vision and its design implications in the field of aeroSpace engineering. The analysis of variations in color perception between microgravity and 1×g can be applied to a range of fields concerning the Space Habitat (Fig. 1), the design of information (such as safety notices), or in the Space station the analysis of chemical and biological reactions based on chromatography (for example, when subtle color variations are used as indicators in histological cell analysis).
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Human Factors in Space Mission
2009Co-Authors: Irene Lia Schlacht, Matthias Rötting, Melchiorre Masali, Margherita MichelettiAbstract:Living in Outer Space has a deep influence on human life. Isolation, extreme conditions and modified gravity affect the human psycho-physiologically. Astronauts have to uphold themselves on the interior design of a Space Habitat for their well-being and safety (Schlacht et al., 2006). In weightlessness with a new dimensional cognition visual stimuli as the interior configuration are fundamental to achieve orientation because the vestibular system becomes silent (Mallowe, 2001). In the context of a PhD study on “Habitability for Outer Space” at the TU-Berlin HumanMachine System Dept., colours, shapes and movements are the visual stimuli involved in a Human Factors investigation aimed to increase the habitability of Space Habitat.