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Friedemann Pulvermuller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abstract semantics in the motor system an event related fmri study on passive reading of semantic word categories carrying abstract emotional and mental meaning
Cortex, 2017Co-Authors: Felix R Dreyer, Friedemann PulvermullerAbstract:Abstract Previous research showed that modality-preferential sensorimotor areas are relevant for processing concrete words used to speak about actions. However, whether modality-preferential areas also play a role for abstract words is still under debate. Whereas recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest an involvement of motor cortex in processing the meaning of abstract emotion words as, for example, ‘love’, other non-emotional abstract words, in particular ‘mental words’, such as ‘thought’ or ‘logic’, are believed to engage ‘amodal’ semantic systems only. In the present event-related fMRI experiment, subjects passively read abstract emotional and mental nouns along with concrete action related words. Contrary to expectation, the results indicate a specific involvement of face motor areas in the processing of mental nouns, resembling that seen for face related action words. This result was confirmed when subject-specific regions of interest (ROIs) defined by motor localizers were used. We conclude that a role of motor systems in semantic processing is not restricted to concrete words but extends to at least some abstract mental symbols previously thought to be entirely ‘disembodied’ and divorced from semantically related sensorimotor processing. Implications for neurocognitive theories of semantics and clinical applications will be highlighted, paying specific attention to the role of brain activations as indexes of cognitive processes and their relationships to ‘causal’ studies addressing lesion and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) effects. Possible implications for clinical practice, in particular speech language Therapy, are discussed in closing.
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p 67 electrophysiological correlates of language improvements after intensive language Therapy in patients with chronic post stroke aphasia
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2017Co-Authors: Guglielmo Lucchese, Friedemann Pulvermuller, Benjamin Stahl, Felix R Dreyer, Bettina MohrAbstract:Background Aphasia affects approximately one third of all stroke patients and may lead to chronic disability. Effective neurorehabilitation programs focusing on improving speech and language in patients with post-stroke aphasia are essential. A better understanding of the neurobiological processes accompanying language deficits and rehabilitation may bear fruit in the advancement of neurorehabilitation programs. Methods Clinical language performance and neurophysiological correlates of language processing were measured before and after intensive language Therapy in patients with chronic (time post-stroke > 1 year) post-stroke aphasia. The mismatch negativity (MMN), a language-related event-related potential (ERP) known to reflect automatic lexico-semantic and grammar processing, was recorded in a distracted oddball paradigm to short spoken sentences. Critical “deviant” sentence stimuli where either well-formed and meaningful, or grammatically incorrect, or meaningless. Results The Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) demonstrated significant clinical language improvements, which were accompanied by enhancement of the MMN responses, after 4 weeks of Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) delivered with high intensity (10.5 h per week). In particular, MMN amplitudes to grammatically correct and meaningful sentences and to sentences containing a meaningless pseudoword significantly increased after Therapy. However, no Therapy-related changes in MMN were found for grammatically incorrect sentences that violated pronoun-verb agreement. Discussion/conclusions MMN increases to well-formed meaningful and to meaningless strings and the absence thereof for ungrammatical sentences suggest neuroplastic changes consistent with recent cognitive linguistic theories. The results confirm previous reports that intensive SLT leads to improvements of language and communication skills in chronic aphasia patients and now demonstrate that this clinical improvement is associated with enhanced automatic brain indexes of language processing above single-word level. Furthermore, the data suggest that the language-elicited MMN may be a useful tool to map functional language recovery in post-stroke aphasia patients.
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Therapy induced neuroplasticity of language in chronic post stroke aphasia a mismatch negativity study of a grammatical and meaningful less mini constructions
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Guglielmo Lucchese, Friedemann Pulvermuller, Benjamin Stahl, Felix R Dreyer, Bettina MohrAbstract:Clinical language performance and neurophysiological correlates of language processing were measured before and after intensive language Therapy in patients with chronic (time post-stroke > 1 year) post stroke aphasia (PSA). As event-related potential (ERP) measure, the mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded in a distracted oddball paradigm to short spoken sentences. Critical ‘deviant’ sentence stimuli where either well-formed and meaningful, or syntactically, or lexico-semantically incorrect. After 4 weeks of Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) delivered with high intensity (10.5 hours per week), clinical language assessment with the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) battery demonstrated significant linguistic improvements, which were accompanied by enhanced MMN responses. More specifically, MMN amplitudes to grammatically correct and meaningful mini-constructions and to ‘jabberwocky’ sentences containing a pseudoword significantly increased after Therapy. However, no Therapy-related changes in MMN responses to syntactically incorrect strings including agreement violations were observed. While MMN increases to well-formed meaningful strings can be explained both at the word and construction levels, the neuroplastic change seen for ‘jabberwocky’ sentences suggests an explanation in terms of constructions. The results confirm previous reports that intensive SLT leads to improvements of linguistic skills in chronic aphasia patients and now demonstrate that this clinical improvement is associated with enhanced automatic brain indexes of construction processing, although no comparable change is present for ungrammatical strings. Furthermore, the data confirm that the language-induced MMN is a useful tool to map functional language recovery in PSA.
Benjamin Stahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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p 67 electrophysiological correlates of language improvements after intensive language Therapy in patients with chronic post stroke aphasia
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2017Co-Authors: Guglielmo Lucchese, Friedemann Pulvermuller, Benjamin Stahl, Felix R Dreyer, Bettina MohrAbstract:Background Aphasia affects approximately one third of all stroke patients and may lead to chronic disability. Effective neurorehabilitation programs focusing on improving speech and language in patients with post-stroke aphasia are essential. A better understanding of the neurobiological processes accompanying language deficits and rehabilitation may bear fruit in the advancement of neurorehabilitation programs. Methods Clinical language performance and neurophysiological correlates of language processing were measured before and after intensive language Therapy in patients with chronic (time post-stroke > 1 year) post-stroke aphasia. The mismatch negativity (MMN), a language-related event-related potential (ERP) known to reflect automatic lexico-semantic and grammar processing, was recorded in a distracted oddball paradigm to short spoken sentences. Critical “deviant” sentence stimuli where either well-formed and meaningful, or grammatically incorrect, or meaningless. Results The Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) demonstrated significant clinical language improvements, which were accompanied by enhancement of the MMN responses, after 4 weeks of Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) delivered with high intensity (10.5 h per week). In particular, MMN amplitudes to grammatically correct and meaningful sentences and to sentences containing a meaningless pseudoword significantly increased after Therapy. However, no Therapy-related changes in MMN were found for grammatically incorrect sentences that violated pronoun-verb agreement. Discussion/conclusions MMN increases to well-formed meaningful and to meaningless strings and the absence thereof for ungrammatical sentences suggest neuroplastic changes consistent with recent cognitive linguistic theories. The results confirm previous reports that intensive SLT leads to improvements of language and communication skills in chronic aphasia patients and now demonstrate that this clinical improvement is associated with enhanced automatic brain indexes of language processing above single-word level. Furthermore, the data suggest that the language-elicited MMN may be a useful tool to map functional language recovery in post-stroke aphasia patients.
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Therapy induced neuroplasticity of language in chronic post stroke aphasia a mismatch negativity study of a grammatical and meaningful less mini constructions
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Guglielmo Lucchese, Friedemann Pulvermuller, Benjamin Stahl, Felix R Dreyer, Bettina MohrAbstract:Clinical language performance and neurophysiological correlates of language processing were measured before and after intensive language Therapy in patients with chronic (time post-stroke > 1 year) post stroke aphasia (PSA). As event-related potential (ERP) measure, the mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded in a distracted oddball paradigm to short spoken sentences. Critical ‘deviant’ sentence stimuli where either well-formed and meaningful, or syntactically, or lexico-semantically incorrect. After 4 weeks of Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) delivered with high intensity (10.5 hours per week), clinical language assessment with the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) battery demonstrated significant linguistic improvements, which were accompanied by enhanced MMN responses. More specifically, MMN amplitudes to grammatically correct and meaningful mini-constructions and to ‘jabberwocky’ sentences containing a pseudoword significantly increased after Therapy. However, no Therapy-related changes in MMN responses to syntactically incorrect strings including agreement violations were observed. While MMN increases to well-formed meaningful strings can be explained both at the word and construction levels, the neuroplastic change seen for ‘jabberwocky’ sentences suggests an explanation in terms of constructions. The results confirm previous reports that intensive SLT leads to improvements of linguistic skills in chronic aphasia patients and now demonstrate that this clinical improvement is associated with enhanced automatic brain indexes of construction processing, although no comparable change is present for ungrammatical strings. Furthermore, the data confirm that the language-induced MMN is a useful tool to map functional language recovery in PSA.
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tapping into neural resources of communication formulaic language in aphasia Therapy
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin Stahl, Diana Van Lancker SidtisAbstract:Decades of research highlight the importance of formulaic expressions in everyday spoken language (Vihman, 1982; Wray, 2002; Kuiper, 2009). Along with idioms, expletives, and proverbs, this linguistic category includes conversational speech formulas, such as “You've got to be kidding,” “Excuse me?” or “Hang on a minute” (Fillmore, 1979; Pawley and Syder, 1983; Schegloff, 1988). In their modern conception, formulaic expressions differ from newly created, grammatical utterances in that they are fixed in form, often non-literal in meaning with attitudinal nuances, and closely related to communicative-pragmatic context (Van Lancker Sidtis and Rallon, 2004). Although the proportion of formulaic expressions to spoken language varies with type of measure and discourse, these utterances are widely regarded as crucial in determining the success of social interaction in many communicative aspects of daily life (Van Lancker Sidtis, 2010). The unique role of formulaic expressions in spoken language is reflected at the level of their functional neuroanatomy. While left perisylvian areas of the brain support primarily propositional, grammatical utterances, the processing of conversational speech formulas was found to engage, in particular, right-hemisphere cortical areas and the bilateral basal ganglia (Hughlings-Jackson, 1878; Graves and Landis, 1985; Speedie et al., 1993; Van Lancker Sidtis and Postman, 2006; Sidtis et al., 2009; Van Lancker Sidtis et al., 2015). It is worth pointing out that parts of these neural networks are intact in left-hemisphere stroke patients, leading to the intriguing observation that individuals with classical speech and language disorders are often able to communicate comparably well based on a repertoire of formulaic expressions (McElduff and Drummond, 1991; Lum and Ellis, 1994; Stahl et al., 2011). An upper limit of such expressions has not yet been identified, with some estimates reaching into the hundreds of thousands (Jackendoff, 1995). The above literature suggests that formulaic expressions may be viewed as a valuable resource in Speech-Language Therapy. However, surprisingly little is known about their potential impact on the success of popular programs in clinical rehabilitation. The current opinion paper seeks to address this matter by outlining the contribution of formulaic expressions to seminal approaches in recovery from speech and language disorders after stroke.
Linsey M Barker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of videoconference based telerehabilitation on story retelling performance by brain injured subjects and its implications for remote speech language Therapy
Telemedicine Journal and E-health, 2004Co-Authors: David Brennan, Amy C Georgeadis, Christine Baron, Linsey M BarkerAbstract:This paper presents results from a study conducted at the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Telerehabilitation at the National Rehabilitation Hospital. The study was designed to ...
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the effect of videoconference based telerehabilitation on story retelling performance by brain injured subjects and its implications for remote speech language Therapy
Telemedicine Journal and E-health, 2004Co-Authors: David Brennan, Amy C Georgeadis, Christine Baron, Linsey M BarkerAbstract:This paper presents results from a study conducted at the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Telerehabilitation at the National Rehabilitation Hospital. The study was designed to measure performance by brain-injured subjects, with medical diagnoses of stroke or traumatic brain injury, on a standardized Speech-Language Pathology evaluation conducted in both face-to-face and videoconference-based telerehabilitation settings. The Story Retelling Procedure (SRP), which measures connected language production and comprehension of spoken narratives, was administered to each subject in both settings. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) compare communication as measured by the SRP between experimental settings, and (2) determine if subject variables (such as age, education, technology experience or gender) had an effect on performance differences between settings. The rationale was that any difference in this aspect of performance must be identified and characterized before this mode of intervention can be used clinically. Across all subjects (n = 40), no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between SRP performance measured in the two settings. Additionally, variables including age, education, technology experience, and gender did not significantly affect the difference between performance in the two settings. Overall, subjects reported a high level of acceptance of videoconferencing with 34 subjects responding "yes," 4 responding "no," and 2 responding "maybe" when asked if they would use videoconferencing again to talk to a clinician. Results of this study confirm the potential for SLP treatment using videoconferencing and indicate a need for continued research in the field.
William D Rawlinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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universal newborn screening for congenital cmv infection what is the evidence of potential benefit
Reviews in Medical Virology, 2014Co-Authors: Michael J Cannon, P D Griffiths, Van Aston, William D RawlinsonAbstract:Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of childhood disability. Many children born with congenital CMV infection are asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms and therefore are typically not diagnosed. A strategy of newborn CMV screening could allow for early detection and intervention to improve clinical outcomes. Interventions might include antiviral drugs or nonpharmaceutical therapies such as Speech-Language Therapy or cochlear implants. Using published data from developed countries, we analyzed existing evidence of potential benefit that could result from newborn CMV screening. We first estimated the numbers of children with the most important CMV-related disabilities (i.e. hearing loss, cognitive deficit, and vision impairment), including the age at which the disabilities occur. Then, for each of the disabilities, we examined the existing evidence for the effectiveness of various interventions. We concluded that there is good evidence of potential benefit from nonpharmaceutical interventions for children with delayed hearing loss that occurs by 9 months of age. Similarly, we concluded that there is fair evidence of potential benefit from antiviral Therapy for children with hearing loss at birth and from nonpharmaceutical interventions for children with delayed hearing loss occurring between 9 and 24 months of age and for children with CMV-related cognitive deficits. We found poor evidence of potential benefit for children with delayed hearing loss occurring after 24 months of age and for children with vision impairment. Overall, we estimated that in the United States, several thousand children with congenital CMV could benefit each year from newborn CMV screening, early detection, and interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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universal newborn screening for congenital cmv infection what is the evidence of potential benefit
Reviews in Medical Virology, 2014Co-Authors: Michael J Cannon, P D Griffiths, Van Aston, William D RawlinsonAbstract:Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of childhood disability. Many children born with congenital CMV infection are asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms and therefore are typically not diagnosed. A strategy of newborn CMV screening could allow for early detection and intervention to improve clinical outcomes. Interventions might include antiviral drugs or nonpharmaceutical therapies such as Speech-Language Therapy or cochlear implants. Using published data from developed countries, we analyzed existing evidence of potential benefit that could result from newborn CMV screening. We first estimated the numbers of children with the most important CMV-related disabilities (i.e. hearing loss, cognitive deficit, and vision impairment), including the age at which the disabilities occur. Then, for each of the disabilities, we examined the existing evidence for the effectiveness of various interventions. We concluded that there is good evidence of potential benefit from nonpharmaceutical interventions for children with delayed hearing loss that occurs by 9 months of age. Similarly, we concluded that there is fair evidence of potential benefit from antiviral Therapy for children with hearing loss at birth and from nonpharmaceutical interventions for children with delayed hearing loss occurring between 9 and 24 months of age and for children with CMV-related cognitive deficits. We found poor evidence of potential benefit for children with delayed hearing loss occurring after 24 months of age and for children with vision impairment. Overall, we estimated that in the United States, several thousand children with congenital CMV could benefit each year from newborn CMV screening, early detection, and interventions.
David Brennan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of videoconference based telerehabilitation on story retelling performance by brain injured subjects and its implications for remote speech language Therapy
Telemedicine Journal and E-health, 2004Co-Authors: David Brennan, Amy C Georgeadis, Christine Baron, Linsey M BarkerAbstract:This paper presents results from a study conducted at the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Telerehabilitation at the National Rehabilitation Hospital. The study was designed to ...
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the effect of videoconference based telerehabilitation on story retelling performance by brain injured subjects and its implications for remote speech language Therapy
Telemedicine Journal and E-health, 2004Co-Authors: David Brennan, Amy C Georgeadis, Christine Baron, Linsey M BarkerAbstract:This paper presents results from a study conducted at the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Telerehabilitation at the National Rehabilitation Hospital. The study was designed to measure performance by brain-injured subjects, with medical diagnoses of stroke or traumatic brain injury, on a standardized Speech-Language Pathology evaluation conducted in both face-to-face and videoconference-based telerehabilitation settings. The Story Retelling Procedure (SRP), which measures connected language production and comprehension of spoken narratives, was administered to each subject in both settings. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) compare communication as measured by the SRP between experimental settings, and (2) determine if subject variables (such as age, education, technology experience or gender) had an effect on performance differences between settings. The rationale was that any difference in this aspect of performance must be identified and characterized before this mode of intervention can be used clinically. Across all subjects (n = 40), no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between SRP performance measured in the two settings. Additionally, variables including age, education, technology experience, and gender did not significantly affect the difference between performance in the two settings. Overall, subjects reported a high level of acceptance of videoconferencing with 34 subjects responding "yes," 4 responding "no," and 2 responding "maybe" when asked if they would use videoconferencing again to talk to a clinician. Results of this study confirm the potential for SLP treatment using videoconferencing and indicate a need for continued research in the field.
