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Angela B. Lange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the female reproductive system and control of oviposition in locusta migratoria migratorioides
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Angela B. LangeAbstract:The Spermatheca acts as a repository for sperm deposited by the male and, in the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Fairmaire and Reiche, 1849)), is situated dorsal to the lateral and common oviducts. In the locust, eggs mature in the ovaries and are ovulated into the lateral oviducts where they are held until a suitable oviposition site is found. At that time, a hole is dug in the soil by the locust and, aided by muscular contractions of the upper lateral oviducts, the eggs are propelled through the common oviduct and genital chamber and deposited in a pod in the soil. Contractions of the Spermathecal sac lead to sperm release, resulting in fertilization of eggs in the genital chamber. Coordination of digging and of the oviducts and Spermatheca is clearly critical to the production of viable eggs. The muscles responsible for digging and both reproductive structures are under central neuronal control, incorporating neurons that express an array of neuropeptide and amine phenotype...
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tyramine as a possible neurotransmitter neuromodulator at the Spermatheca of the african migratory locust locusta migratoria
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2008Co-Authors: Rosa Da Silva, Angela B. LangeAbstract:Abstract Tyramine-like immunoreactivity was identified in neurons of the VIIIth abdominal ganglion and in axons projecting to the Spermatheca of adult females of Locusta migratoria . Tyramine-like immunoreactive processes were also found throughout all regions of the Spermatheca and tyramine-like immunoreactive bipolar or multipolar neurons were present on the Spermathecal sac. HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection revealed more tyramine than octopamine present in Spermathecal tissue. Electrical stimulation of the ventral ovipositor nerve resulted in a significant increase in calcium-dependent release of tyramine from the Spermatheca. Both tyramine and octopamine increase the frequency and basal tonus of Spermathecal contractions in a dose-dependent manner, with octopamine having a lower threshold. When tyramine is applied along with a half maximal octopamine dose, there is an additive effect on contractions of the Spermatheca with slight synergistic effects at lower doses of tyramine. High concentrations of tyramine (10 −4 M) stimulated increases in cyclic AMP levels of the Spermatheca; an effect blocked by phentolamine. Phentolamine has a higher affinity (and thus a lower IC 50 value ≅5.6 × 10 −8 M) than yohimbine (IC 50 ≅1.1 × 10 −4 M) in reducing tyramine-induced Spermathecal contractions. Taken together, these results suggest that tyramine may be a co-transmitter with octopamine at the Spermatheca, with both neuroactive chemicals acting on an octopamine receptor.
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The association of crustacean cardioactive peptide with the Spermatheca of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria
Journal of insect physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Rosa Da Silva, Angela B. LangeAbstract:Abstract Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-like immunoreactivity was identified in neurons of the VIIIth abdominal ganglion and in axons in the nerves that project to the Spermatheca of 3–4 week old adult female locusts. In addition, lightly stained CCAP-like immunoreactive processes were localized over the Spermathecae. The amount of CCAP in the Spermathecal tissue was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on extracts of the whole Spermatheca, and on its constituent parts, namely the sperm sac, coiled duct and straight duct. The Spermatheca contains 920±273 fmol (mean±SE) of CCAP equivalents, with the majority localized in the coiled duct. There are age-related differences in the amount of CCAP present in the Spermathecae with less content in Spermathecae from 1 to 5 day old and greater content in Spermathecae from 3 to 4 week old adults. There was also no difference in CCAP content of Spermathecae in mated and virgin 3 to 4 week old adults. Reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by ELISA further confirmed the presence of CCAP-like material in extracts of locust Spermathecae. Physiological assays demonstrated that CCAP increased the basal tonus and frequency of spontaneous contractions of the Spermatheca, with thresholds between 10−10 and 10−9 M and maxima at 10−7 M CCAP. CCAP also increases the amplitude of neurally evoked contractions with a threshold less than 10−11 M and a maximum of 10−7 M CCAP. The present study suggests that CCAP acts as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter at the Spermathecal visceral tissue of female Locusta migratoria.
Rosa Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Control of the Locust Spermatheca
2011Co-Authors: Rosa Da SilvaAbstract:The coordination of reproductive events in female locusts involves the interaction between sensory cells, reflex loops, and central pattern generators. Neurochemicals have also been identified as being important for initiating and/or modulating the activities of reproductive tissues. The present thesis investigates the association of neurochemicals with the Spermatheca and the neural control of the Spermatheca via a central pattern generator (CPG) that is coordinated with other reproductive events. Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-like immunoreactivity is present in the innervation to the Spermatheca of adult locusts. CCAP enhances basal tonus, spontaneous and neurally-evoked contractions and may function as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter at the locust Spermatheca. No locustatachykinin (LomTK)-like immunoreactivity is present in the innervation to the Spermatheca, or on the Spermatheca itself, whereas allatostatin-like immunoreactivity is present. LomTK1 is a stimulator of Spermathecal contractions, but allatostatin 1 does not lead to any changes in Spermathecal contractions. It is likely that LomTK acts as a neurohormone on the Spermatheca, while the role of allatostatin remains unknown. Tyramine-like immunoreactivity is present in the nerves that project to the Spermatheca and throughout all of its regions. Quantification of tyramine revealed that there is more tyramine than octopamine present in the Spermatheca, and that tyramine can be released from the Spermatheca by electrical stimulation of the ventral ovipositor nerve (VON). Physiological assays reveal that both tyramine and octopamine increase Spermathecal contractions. Tyramine may be a co-transmitter with octopamine at the locust Spermatheca. There is likely a central pattern generator (CPG) that controls the Spermathecal muscle activity, that is regulated by descending inhibition. Extracellular nerve and electromyographic recordings demonstrate that this CPG appears to be localized within the VIIth and VIIIth abdominal ganglia and is found to integrate with the CPG that regulates oviposition digging in locusts.Ph
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tyramine as a possible neurotransmitter neuromodulator at the Spermatheca of the african migratory locust locusta migratoria
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2008Co-Authors: Rosa Da Silva, Angela B. LangeAbstract:Abstract Tyramine-like immunoreactivity was identified in neurons of the VIIIth abdominal ganglion and in axons projecting to the Spermatheca of adult females of Locusta migratoria . Tyramine-like immunoreactive processes were also found throughout all regions of the Spermatheca and tyramine-like immunoreactive bipolar or multipolar neurons were present on the Spermathecal sac. HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection revealed more tyramine than octopamine present in Spermathecal tissue. Electrical stimulation of the ventral ovipositor nerve resulted in a significant increase in calcium-dependent release of tyramine from the Spermatheca. Both tyramine and octopamine increase the frequency and basal tonus of Spermathecal contractions in a dose-dependent manner, with octopamine having a lower threshold. When tyramine is applied along with a half maximal octopamine dose, there is an additive effect on contractions of the Spermatheca with slight synergistic effects at lower doses of tyramine. High concentrations of tyramine (10 −4 M) stimulated increases in cyclic AMP levels of the Spermatheca; an effect blocked by phentolamine. Phentolamine has a higher affinity (and thus a lower IC 50 value ≅5.6 × 10 −8 M) than yohimbine (IC 50 ≅1.1 × 10 −4 M) in reducing tyramine-induced Spermathecal contractions. Taken together, these results suggest that tyramine may be a co-transmitter with octopamine at the Spermatheca, with both neuroactive chemicals acting on an octopamine receptor.
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The association of crustacean cardioactive peptide with the Spermatheca of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria
Journal of insect physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Rosa Da Silva, Angela B. LangeAbstract:Abstract Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-like immunoreactivity was identified in neurons of the VIIIth abdominal ganglion and in axons in the nerves that project to the Spermatheca of 3–4 week old adult female locusts. In addition, lightly stained CCAP-like immunoreactive processes were localized over the Spermathecae. The amount of CCAP in the Spermathecal tissue was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on extracts of the whole Spermatheca, and on its constituent parts, namely the sperm sac, coiled duct and straight duct. The Spermatheca contains 920±273 fmol (mean±SE) of CCAP equivalents, with the majority localized in the coiled duct. There are age-related differences in the amount of CCAP present in the Spermathecae with less content in Spermathecae from 1 to 5 day old and greater content in Spermathecae from 3 to 4 week old adults. There was also no difference in CCAP content of Spermathecae in mated and virgin 3 to 4 week old adults. Reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by ELISA further confirmed the presence of CCAP-like material in extracts of locust Spermathecae. Physiological assays demonstrated that CCAP increased the basal tonus and frequency of spontaneous contractions of the Spermatheca, with thresholds between 10−10 and 10−9 M and maxima at 10−7 M CCAP. CCAP also increases the amplitude of neurally evoked contractions with a threshold less than 10−11 M and a maximum of 10−7 M CCAP. The present study suggests that CCAP acts as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter at the Spermathecal visceral tissue of female Locusta migratoria.
Mamoru Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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destination of apyrene sperm following migration from the bursa copulatrix in the monandrous swallowtail butterfly byasa alcinous
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Tatsuro Konagaya, Naoto Idogawa, Mamoru WatanabeAbstract:Most male lepidopterans produce fertile eupyrene sperm and non-fertile apyrene sperm, both of which are transferred to the female in a spermatophore during mating. Apyrene sperm outnumbers eupyrene sperm and both sperm types migrate from the bursa copulatrix to the Spermatheca after mating. While eupyrene sperm are maintained in the Spermatheca until oviposition, the number of apyrene sperm decreases with time. It is unclear whether apyrene sperm disappear from all sperm storage organs in females because both sperm types are often observed in the Spermathecal gland. To investigate this, the numbers of both sperm types were estimated in the Spermatheca and Spermathecal gland of female Byasa alcinous (a monandrous butterfly) 6, 12, 48, 96, and 192 h after mating terminated. Apyrene sperm arrived in the Spermatheca earlier than eupyrene sperm; however, some eupyrene and apyrene sperm migrated to the Spermathecal gland from the Spermatheca at almost the same time. The number of apyrene sperm reached a peak 12 h after the termination of mating and then decreased with time in both the Spermatheca and Spermathecal gland. Our results suggest that the role of apyrene sperm might be completed early after arriving in the Spermatheca of B. alcinous.
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motility and dynamics of eupyrene and apyrene sperm in the Spermatheca of the monandrous swallowtail butterfly byasa alcinous
Physiological Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Naoto Idogawa, Tatsuro Konagaya, Mamoru WatanabeAbstract:Lepidopteran males produce two sperm types: nucleated eupyrene sperm and non-nucleated apyrene sperm. Although apyrene sperm are infertile, both sperm types migrate from the spermatophore to the Spermathecal after copulation. As a dominant adaptive explanation for migration of apyrene sperm in polyandrous species, the cheap filler hypothesis suggests that the presence of a large number of motile apyrene sperm in the Spermatheca reduces female receptivity to re-mating. However, apyrene sperm are also produced in males of the monandrous swallowtail butterfly Byasa alcinous Klug. To identify the role of apyrene sperm in these males, the present study examines the number of spermatozoa produced and transferred and the dynamics and motility of spermatozoa in the Spermatheca for each type of sperm. Apyrene sperm represents approximatey 89% of the sperm produced and transferred, which is comparable to polyandrous species. Two-day-old males transfer approximately 17 000 eupyrene and 230 000 apyrene spermatozoa to a spermatophore; approximately 5000 eupyrene and 47 000 apyrene spermatozoa arrive at the Spermatheca. Eight days after copulation, most eupyrene spermatozoa remain in the Spermatheca and a quarter of them are still active. However, the number of apyrene spermatozoa decreases and those remaining lose their motility after the arriving at the Spermatheca. Consequently, 8 days after copulation, no motile apyrene sperm are found. The high proportion of apyrene sperm in the spermatophore, as well as in sperm migration, suggests that the production and migration of apyrene sperm is not simply an evolutionary vestigial trait. The possible functions of apyrene sperm in monandrous species are discussed.
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dynamics of eupyrene and apyrene sperm storage in ovipositing females of the swallowtail butterfly papilio xuthus lepidoptera papilionidae
Entomological Science, 2005Co-Authors: Mamoru Watanabe, Ayako HachisukaAbstract:A male swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, transfers both eupyrene and apyrene sperm during copulation, both of which migrate to the Spermatheca via the spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix of the female. Because the Spermatheca seems to remain constant in size during the female lifespan, the excess sperm migration may cause the Spermatheca to overflow. Approximately 9000 eupyrene and 265 000 apyrene spermatozoa were transferred during a single copulation, and approximately 1000 eupyrene and 1100 apyrene spermatozoa successfully arrived in the Spermatheca. The number of both types of spermatozoon decreased in the Spermatheca after the onset of oviposition, and no eupyrene spermatozoa were found by 7 days after copulation, partly due to insemination. The Spermathecal gland leading from the distal end of the Spermatheca was gradually filled by eupyrene spermatozoa. Although the function of the gland remains unclear, the final destination of the sperm is likely to be the gland.
José Eduardo Serrão - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphology of ovary and Spermathecae of the parasitoid Eibesfeldtphora tonhascai Brown (Diptera: Phoridae)
Protoplasma, 2019Co-Authors: Cliver Fernandes Farder-gomes, Helen Cristina Pinto Santos, Marco Antonio Oliveira, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo SerrãoAbstract:Eibesfeldtphora tonhascai (Diptera: Phoridae) is a parasitoid of leaf-cutting ants and a potential biological control agent against these insect pests. This study describes the morphology of the ovary and Spermatheca of E . tonhascai . The female reproductive tract of this parasitoid has a pair of meroistic polytrophic ovaries, two lateral oviducts that open into a common oviduct, an elongated accessory gland, and two Spermathecae. Young oocytes are small and spherical, and their size increases as yolk is stored in the cytoplasm. This process is followed by chorion production by follicular cells. Mature oocytes are elliptical or torpedo-shaped. The reservoir wall of the Spermatheca has type III glandular cells with cytoplasm rich in free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory vesicles. The apical surface of these cells has microvilli associated with mitochondria. The reservoir lumen is lined by a cuticle and filled with spermatozoa. This is the first report of the ovary and Spermatheca morphology of E. tonhascai and contributes to the comprehension of the reproductive biology of this parasitoid of leaf-cutting ants.
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Morphology of the Spermatheca of Triatoma lecticularia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Stal, 1859).
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2018Co-Authors: M. F. Monteiro, Luciane Cristina De Oliveira Lisboa, José Eduardo Serrão, T. M. Carvalho-costa, J. C. Nevoa, C. J. F. Oliveira, Edmilson Amaral De SouzaAbstract:Triatoma lecticularia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Stal, 1859) is a potential vector of Chagas's disease and the comprehension of its reproductive biology is an important tool to control this insect. In the reproductive tract of female insects, the Spermatheca plays a crucial role storing male spermatozoa after mating. Whithin insects the Spermatheca shows a wide morphological diversity and the analysis of this characteristic can contribute to understand the reproductive biology of the species. This study describes the histology and histochemistry of the Spermatheca of T. lecticularia. Females have a pair of elongated Spermathecal reservoirs without associated accessory gland. The reservoir opens into the common oviduct via a narrow muscular duct. The reservoir epithelium has single layer of columnar secretory cells. The control of the release of spermatozoa from the Spermatheca occurs via the muscular duct. The anatomical features of the Spermatheca of T. lecticularia resemble those described of other Reduviidae. However, the histological and histochemical features of Spermatheca observed in T. lecticularia were important to explain the maintenance of the viability of the spermatozoa stored.
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Morphology of the Spermathecae of Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae)
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2015Co-Authors: Edmilson Amaral De Souza, Luciane Cristina De Oliveira Lisboa, V. A. Araújo, José Eduardo SerrãoAbstract:The Spermathecae of Heteroptera exhibit great morphological variety. The characteristics of Spermathecal morphology may contribute greatly toward the taxonomy and reproductive physiology of these insects. This study describes the Spermathecal morphology of the agricultural pest, Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas). The Spermatheca of L. zonatus is distinguishable into three parts—the reservoir (distal portion), muscular duct (middle region), and enlarged duct (proximal end). The spherical reservoir has a cuticle-lined lumen, followed by a layer of flattened cells, below which lies another layer of cells with secretory characteristics. The muscular duct is characterized by a flange where the insertion of the muscle fibers is seen. The proximal duct is enlarged with a compartmentalized lumen. The morphological features of the Spermatheca of L. zonatus differ from those described for other Heteroptera.
Tatsuro Konagaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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destination of apyrene sperm following migration from the bursa copulatrix in the monandrous swallowtail butterfly byasa alcinous
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Tatsuro Konagaya, Naoto Idogawa, Mamoru WatanabeAbstract:Most male lepidopterans produce fertile eupyrene sperm and non-fertile apyrene sperm, both of which are transferred to the female in a spermatophore during mating. Apyrene sperm outnumbers eupyrene sperm and both sperm types migrate from the bursa copulatrix to the Spermatheca after mating. While eupyrene sperm are maintained in the Spermatheca until oviposition, the number of apyrene sperm decreases with time. It is unclear whether apyrene sperm disappear from all sperm storage organs in females because both sperm types are often observed in the Spermathecal gland. To investigate this, the numbers of both sperm types were estimated in the Spermatheca and Spermathecal gland of female Byasa alcinous (a monandrous butterfly) 6, 12, 48, 96, and 192 h after mating terminated. Apyrene sperm arrived in the Spermatheca earlier than eupyrene sperm; however, some eupyrene and apyrene sperm migrated to the Spermathecal gland from the Spermatheca at almost the same time. The number of apyrene sperm reached a peak 12 h after the termination of mating and then decreased with time in both the Spermatheca and Spermathecal gland. Our results suggest that the role of apyrene sperm might be completed early after arriving in the Spermatheca of B. alcinous.
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motility and dynamics of eupyrene and apyrene sperm in the Spermatheca of the monandrous swallowtail butterfly byasa alcinous
Physiological Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Naoto Idogawa, Tatsuro Konagaya, Mamoru WatanabeAbstract:Lepidopteran males produce two sperm types: nucleated eupyrene sperm and non-nucleated apyrene sperm. Although apyrene sperm are infertile, both sperm types migrate from the spermatophore to the Spermathecal after copulation. As a dominant adaptive explanation for migration of apyrene sperm in polyandrous species, the cheap filler hypothesis suggests that the presence of a large number of motile apyrene sperm in the Spermatheca reduces female receptivity to re-mating. However, apyrene sperm are also produced in males of the monandrous swallowtail butterfly Byasa alcinous Klug. To identify the role of apyrene sperm in these males, the present study examines the number of spermatozoa produced and transferred and the dynamics and motility of spermatozoa in the Spermatheca for each type of sperm. Apyrene sperm represents approximatey 89% of the sperm produced and transferred, which is comparable to polyandrous species. Two-day-old males transfer approximately 17 000 eupyrene and 230 000 apyrene spermatozoa to a spermatophore; approximately 5000 eupyrene and 47 000 apyrene spermatozoa arrive at the Spermatheca. Eight days after copulation, most eupyrene spermatozoa remain in the Spermatheca and a quarter of them are still active. However, the number of apyrene spermatozoa decreases and those remaining lose their motility after the arriving at the Spermatheca. Consequently, 8 days after copulation, no motile apyrene sperm are found. The high proportion of apyrene sperm in the spermatophore, as well as in sperm migration, suggests that the production and migration of apyrene sperm is not simply an evolutionary vestigial trait. The possible functions of apyrene sperm in monandrous species are discussed.
