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F J Marquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of bartonella alsatica in european wild rabbit and their fleas Spilopsyllus cuniculi and xenopsylla cunicularis in spain
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: F J MarquezAbstract:Background Bartonella alsatica has been formerly isolated from the blood of wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and identified as causative agent of human endocarditis and lymphadenitis. Fleas are known biological vectors for Bartonella sp. This report details the specific detection of B. alsatica in three flea species commonly associated with the European wild rabbit in Southern Iberian Peninsula (Odontopsyllus quirosi, Spylopsyllus cuniculi and Xenopsylla cunicularis).
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Detection of Bartonella alsatica in European wild rabbit and their fleas (Spilopsyllus cuniculi and Xenopsylla cunicularis) in Spain
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: F J MarquezAbstract:Background Bartonella alsatica has been formerly isolated from the blood of wild European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and identified as causative agent of human endocarditis and lymphadenitis. Fleas are known biological vectors for Bartonella sp. This report details the specific detection of B. alsatica in three flea species commonly associated with the European wild rabbit in Southern Iberian Peninsula ( Odontopsyllus quirosi , Spylopsyllus cuniculi and Xenopsylla cunicularis ). Methods In the present study we have tested the presence of Bartonella alsatica in 26 European wild rabbit specimens and the fleas that they carrying at the moment of capture. Together to rabbits, captured from different localities of Andalusia (Jaen, Granada and Cordoba provinces), we evaluated three of fleas species that parasitize it usually using molecular techniques [PCR amplification and sequencing of intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) 16S-23S rRNA]. Results Over a sample of 26 wild rabbits carrying fleas, positive PCR amplicons for B. alsatica were obtained from 10 rabbits. All positive flea pools for B. alsatica were collected from positive rabbits [33.33% (8/24 pools) of S. cuniculi , 33.33% (5/15 pools) of X. cunicularis and 0% (0/7 pools) of O. quirosi ]. In three positive rabbits, a pool of S. cuniculi and two pools of X. cunicularis respectively were negative. After sequencing, only B. alsatica (Genbank accession AF312506) was found in the rabbits sampled as well as in S. cuniculi and X. cunicularis within the respective fleas. Conclusions This research confirms the implication of two pulicidae flea species, S. cuniculi and X. cunicularis in the maintenance of infection by B. alsatica in wild rabbit populations throughout the year. The zoonotic character of this bartonellosis emphasizes the need to alert public health authorities and the veterinary community for the risk of infection.
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Detection and identification of Bartonella sp. in fleas from carnivorous mammals in Andalusia, Spain
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: F J Marquez, Javier Millán, J. J. Rodríguez-liébana, I. García-egea, M.a. MuniainAbstract:. A total of 559 fleas representing four species (Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Spilopsyllus cuniculi) collected on carnivores (five Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus, six European wildcat Felis silvestris, 10 common genet Genetta genetta, three Eurasian badger Meles meles, 22 red fox Vulpes vulpes, 87 dogs and 23 cats) in Andalusia, southern Spain, were distributed in 156 pools of monospecific flea from each carnivore, and tested for Bartonella infection in an assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16 S–23 S rRNA intergenic spacer region. Twenty-one samples (13.5%) were positive and the sequence data showed the presence of four different Bartonella species. Bartonella henselae was detected in nine pools of Ctenocephalides felis from cats and dogs and in three pools of Ctenocephalides canis from cats; Bartonella clarridgeiae in Ctenocephalides felis from a cat, and Bartonella alsatica in Spilopsyllus cuniculi from a wildcat. DNA of Bartonella sp., closely related to Bartonella rochalimae, was found in seven pools of Pulex irritans from foxes. This is the first detection of B. alsatica and Bartonella sp. in the Iberian Peninsula. All of these Bartonella species have been implicated as agents of human diseases. The present survey confirms that carnivores are major reservoirs for Bartonella spp.
Bob Ford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors influencing the breeding of the rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi a spring time accelerator and a kairomone in nestling rabbit urine with notes on cediopsylla simplex another hormone bound species
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Miriam Rothschild, Bob FordAbstract:Accelerated impregnation and maturation of the rabbit flea coincides with the spring peak litter-size of the rabbit, but its breeding performance falls off before that of the domestic host. A kairomone nestling factor, which boosts copulation, impregnation and development of fleas feeding on the newborn young, is also present in relatively feeble amounts in baby rabbit urine. This urine boosts pairing of matured (=“primed”) fleas united in tubes away from a host, but impregnation is increased only if fleas are feeding on newborn young while exposed to the urine. Undeveloped fleas matured on the pregnant doe require a transfer to another host before they will pair, whereas fleas matured on the nestlings copulate without a transfer. A variable time-lag between transfer and copulation of fleas, dependent on the “priming” qualities of the preparatory host, suggests that a chemical intermediary is involved. If the antennae of the females are coated with vaseline, the maturation of these fleas is delayed feeding on nestlings, but not on the prepartum doe. This delay is less marked during the spring acceleration than at other times of the year. The breeding of a North American species of hare flea (Cediopsyllu simplex (Baker)) parasitizing Sylvilagus floridanus (Allen) is also controlled by the sex hormones of the host.
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Factors influencing the breeding of the rabbit flea (Spilopsyllus cuniculi): A spring‐time accelerator and a kairomone in nestling rabbit urine with notes on Cediopsylla simplex, another “hormone bound” species
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Miriam Rothschild, Bob FordAbstract:Accelerated impregnation and maturation of the rabbit flea coincides with the spring peak litter-size of the rabbit, but its breeding performance falls off before that of the domestic host. A kairomone nestling factor, which boosts copulation, impregnation and development of fleas feeding on the newborn young, is also present in relatively feeble amounts in baby rabbit urine. This urine boosts pairing of matured (=“primed”) fleas united in tubes away from a host, but impregnation is increased only if fleas are feeding on newborn young while exposed to the urine. Undeveloped fleas matured on the pregnant doe require a transfer to another host before they will pair, whereas fleas matured on the nestlings copulate without a transfer. A variable time-lag between transfer and copulation of fleas, dependent on the “priming” qualities of the preparatory host, suggests that a chemical intermediary is involved. If the antennae of the females are coated with vaseline, the maturation of these fleas is delayed feeding on nestlings, but not on the prepartum doe. This delay is less marked during the spring acceleration than at other times of the year. The breeding of a North American species of hare flea (Cediopsyllu simplex (Baker)) parasitizing Sylvilagus floridanus (Allen) is also controlled by the sex hormones of the host.
R M Seymour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a study of the interaction of virulence resistance and resource limitation in a model of myxomatosis mediated by the european rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi dale
Ecological Modelling, 1992Co-Authors: R M SeymourAbstract:In Great Britain, as opposed to Australia and much of the rest of Europe, the principal vector for myxomatosis has been the rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi. A four-dimensional, quasi-epidemiological model of the disease is constructed which incorporates the role of this vector. The effect of resource limitation on rabbit fecundity is also modelled, and data of Mead-Briggs and Vaughan are used to model transmissibility properties of the disease. An essentially complete (local) analysis of the model is given, and conclusions drawn concerning the interaction of disease virulence, rabbit resistance and the resource capacity of the local environment in influencing properties of the disease. It is indicated how the model extends to a five-dimensional system when rabbit recovery is taken into account, and an analysis of attenuation of virulence due to Anderson and May is reworked in this context. Other factors involved in attenuation of virulence and increase in resistance are discussed.
Wieland Beck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere als Vektoren von parasitären Epizoonoseerregern und zoophilen Dermatophyten
Hautarzt, 1999Co-Authors: Wieland BeckAbstract:Eine Reihe von Schadarthropoden und Dermatophyten, die primar bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren vorkommen, konnen ubertragen werden und zu Dermatosen beim Menschen fuhren. Infolge von Bewegungsaktivitaten und Hautpenetrationen von Ektoparasiten werden haufig papulokrustose Effloreszenzen, heftiger Juckreiz sowie Entzundungen des Integuments hervorgerufen. Die Abgabe von sensibilisierenden Speicheldrusensekreten der Parasiten beim Blutentzug kann zu negativen Begleiterscheinungen beim Wirt fuhren. Auserdem sind verschiedene Dermatophyten als mogliche Ursache von humanen Hautreaktionen zu berucksichtigen. Anhand der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere Rind, Schwein, Wirtschaftsgeflugel und Kaninchen werden die unterschiedlichen Moglichkeiten einer Infestation des Menschen durch humanpathogene Ektoparasiten (Zecken: Ixodes ricinus, Argas reflexus; Flohe: Ceratophyllus gallinae, Spilopsyllus cuniculi und Milben: Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis, Dermanyssus gallinae, Cheyletiella parasitovorax) sowie Dermatophyten (Trichophyton sp. und Microsporum sp.) diskutiert. Personen mit engem Kontakt zu befallenen landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren unterliegen einer besonderen Infektionsgefahrdung durch Epizoonosen. Bestimmte Berufsgruppen, z.B. Landwirte und Tierarzte, sind hier erfahrungsgemas exponiert.
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Landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere als Vektoren von parasitären Epizoonoseerregern und zoophilen Dermatophyten
Der Hautarzt, 1999Co-Authors: Wieland BeckAbstract:Eine Reihe von Schadarthropoden und Dermatophyten, die primär bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren vorkommen, können übertragen werden und zu Dermatosen beim Menschen führen. Infolge von Bewegungsaktivitäten und Hautpenetrationen von Ektoparasiten werden häufig papulokrustöse Effloreszenzen, heftiger Juckreiz sowie Entzündungen des Integuments hervorgerufen. Die Abgabe von sensibilisierenden Speicheldrüsensekreten der Parasiten beim Blutentzug kann zu negativen Begleiterscheinungen beim Wirt führen. Außerdem sind verschiedene Dermatophyten als mögliche Ursache von humanen Hautreaktionen zu berücksichtigen. Anhand der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere Rind, Schwein, Wirtschaftsgeflügel und Kaninchen werden die unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten einer Infestation des Menschen durch humanpathogene Ektoparasiten (Zecken: Ixodes ricinus , Argas reflexus ; Flöhe: Ceratophyllus gallinae , Spilopsyllus cuniculi und Milben: Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis , Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis , Dermanyssus gallinae , Cheyletiella parasitovorax ) sowie Dermatophyten ( Trichophyton sp. und Microsporum sp. ) diskutiert. Personen mit engem Kontakt zu befallenen landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren unterliegen einer besonderen Infektionsgefährdung durch Epizoonosen. Bestimmte Berufsgruppen, z.B. Landwirte und Tierärzte, sind hier erfahrungsgemäß exponiert. Different pest arthropods and dermatophytes occurring primarily in farm animals may be transmissible to man and produce human dermatoses. The movement and cutaneous penetration habits of external parasites often cause crusted papules, severe itching and dermatitis or may damage their hosts by blood-sucking or by sensitizing them to their saliva. Furthermore different dermatophytes should be considered a possible cause of human skin lesions. Farm animals (cattle, pig, poultry, and rabbit) can transmit external parasites (ticks: Ixodes ricinus , Argas reflexus ; fleas: Ceratophyllus gallinae , Spilopsyllus cuniculi , and mites: Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis , Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis , Dermanyssus gallinae , Cheyletiella parasitovorax ), and dermatophytes ( Trichophyton sp. , and Microsporum sp. ). People who have close contact to infested farm animals are more often exposed to epizoonotic infections. Certain professions, such as farmers, and veterinarians, are especially vulnerable.
Brian Cooke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does red fox vulpes vulpes predation of young rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus enhance mortality from myxomatosis vectored by european rabbit fleas Spilopsyllus cuniculi
Biological Control, 2019Co-Authors: Brian CookeAbstract:Abstract On introduction to Australia, European rabbit fleas spread myxomatosis among young wild rabbits during winter; recruitment into the adult rabbit population was strongly reduced. Nonetheless, the reasons behind the high efficacy of flea-borne myxomatosis remain poorly understood. A 17-year data set from Witchitie, a semi-arid site in South Australia, was reviewed to ask whether red foxes, specialist rabbit predators, could have enhanced mortality by preying on disease-debilitated rabbits. Advantage was taken of a natural experiment where, after initial establishment of fleas, drought greatly reduced their abundance, providing two periods for comparison, one where fleas actively spread myxoma virus, followed by another where fleas were no longer effective vectors and myxomatosis reverted to former mosquito-vectored summer outbreaks. The hypothesis that foxes contributed to the efficacy of flea-borne myxomatosis was not rejected. Instead, the study showed that when myxomatosis was being actively spread by fleas, foxes were not only abundant enough to have eaten most of the young rabbits produced each year, but fox population dynamics were also strongly associated with rabbit productivity. Related studies support the likelihood that predators significantly enhance disease-related mortality and indicate that further experimental study of an interaction between flea-borne myxomatosis and predation would be worthwhile.
