The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Janice M Juraska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the size of the Splenium of the rat corpus callosum influence of hormones sex ratio and neonatal cryoanesthesia
Developmental Psychobiology, 1998Co-Authors: Joseph L Nunez, Janice M JuraskaAbstract:The Splenium (posterior of the corpus callosum is sexually dimorphic in the 1⁄ 5) adult rat brain. In the present study we examined the role of developmental hormones and cryoanesthesia (which is normally used during the performance of neonatal hormone manip- ulations) on the gross size of the Splenium in male and female rats. There was a sex difference in splenial size (male. female) among nonhormonally manipulated animals, p 5 .0007. While neonatal castration was ineffective in altering the size of the male Splenium, testosterone in- jections in females were found to increase the size of the Splenium relative to oil-injected females, p 5 .05. The effect of developmental testosterone was further observed: Sex ratio (males to females) of the litter correlated with splenial area in females, r5 .55, p 5 .03. Duration of cryoanesthesia negatively correlated with splenial area in males, r .81, p 5 .03, with a similar trend in females. q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Dev Psychobiol 33: 295- 303, 1998
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a re examination of sex differences in axon density and number in the Splenium of the rat corpus callosum
Brain Research, 1996Co-Authors: Allison Ellman, Janice M JuraskaAbstract:Abstract Previous work from our laboratory reported a sex difference in axon number in the Splenium of the adult rat corpus callosum [13]. However, the cortical origin of the axons that were sampled is unknown and sex differences may exist in the topography of axons in this area. The present study revisits the issue of sex differences in axon number in the Splenium. First, the topographical organization of axons in the Splenium was investigated. Rats each received single intracortical injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The location of HRP labelled fibers in the corpus callosum was compared across the various injection sites. There is a rostrocaudal organization of axons in the Splenium based on rostral to caudal cortical location that does not vary by sex. Second, visual axons, which comprise the posterior fifth (relative to overall length) of the corpus callosum in both sexes, were thoroughly sampled with electron microscopy. Significant dorsoventral and rostrocaudal variation in myelinated and unmyelinated axon density was found. While axon density varied to some extent depending on the sex of the animal, axon number calculations revealed no sex differences in total axon number. Males, however, had significantly more myelinated axons than females. Thus, sex differences in axon density in the adult rat Splenium were regional and did not result in overall sex differences in axon number.
D K Hallam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical implications of Splenium magnetic resonance imaging signal changes
JAMA Neurology, 2005Co-Authors: Michael J Doherty, Sumie Jayadev, Nathaniel F Watson, Ravi S Konchada, D K HallamAbstract:BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may show discrete Splenium abnormalities; however, the implications of this radiologic finding are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To describe causes, clinical presentations, and prognoses of midline Splenium changes evident on MRI. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Medical records of 9 patients with MRI-noted Splenium changes were studied; 60 additional published cases were accessed. INTERVENTIONS: Sixty-nine cases were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and imaging findings, causes, and prognosis. RESULTS: Confusion (35 patients), ataxia (25 patients), and recent seizure (23 patients) were common. Causes included alcohol use, infections, hypoglycemia, trauma, salt abnormalities, and seizure. Twenty-eight patients had complete resolution, 23 improved, and 1 died. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed Splenium abnormalities the best. Eleven of 12 patients showed decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient. Most improved clinically, as did their subsequent MRI studies. CONCLUSIONS: Midline Splenium changes are commonly seen on MRI diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Multiple causes can result in Splenium changes. Physicians should evaluate for glucose and electrolyte abnormalities, seizure risk, ongoing infectious or parainfectious process, and traumatic causes.
L. C. Meiners - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Splenium of the corpus callosum: embryology, anatomy, function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis
Neuroradiology, 2020Co-Authors: J. Blaauw, L. C. MeinersAbstract:Background and purpose The Splenium of the corpus callosum is the most posterior part of the corpus callosum. Its embryological development, anatomy, vascularization, function, imaging of pathology, possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which pathology may develop and the clinical consequences are discussed. Methods A literature-based description is provided on development, anatomy and function. MR and CT images are used to demonstrate pathology. The majority of pathology, known to affect the Splenium, and the clinical effects are described in three subsections: (A) limited to the Splenium, with elaboration on pathophysiology of reversible splenial lesions, (B) pathology in the cerebral white matter extending into or deriving from the Splenium, with special emphasis on tumors, and (C) splenial involvement in generalized conditions affecting the entire brain, with a hypothesis for pathophysiological mechanisms for the different diseases. Results The development of the Splenium is preceded by the formation of the hippocampal commissure. It is bordered by the falx and the tentorium and is perfused by the anterior and posterior circulation. It contains different caliber axonal fibers and the most compact area of callosal glial cells. These findings may explain the affinity of specific forms of pathology for this region. The fibers interconnect the temporal and occipital regions of both hemispheres reciprocally and are important in language, visuospatial information transfer and behavior. Acquired pathology may lead to changes in consciousness. Conclusion The development, location, fiber composition and vascularization of the Splenium make it vulnerable to specific pathological processes. It appears to play an important role in consciousness.
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the Splenium of the corpus callosum embryology anatomy function and imaging with pathophysiological hypothesis
Neuroradiology, 2020Co-Authors: J. Blaauw, L. C. MeinersAbstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Splenium of the corpus callosum is the most posterior part of the corpus callosum. Its embryological development, anatomy, vascularization, function, imaging of pathology, possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which pathology may develop and the clinical consequences are discussed. METHODS: A literature-based description is provided on development, anatomy and function. MR and CT images are used to demonstrate pathology. The majority of pathology, known to affect the Splenium, and the clinical effects are described in three subsections: (A) limited to the Splenium, with elaboration on pathophysiology of reversible splenial lesions, (B) pathology in the cerebral white matter extending into or deriving from the Splenium, with special emphasis on tumors, and (C) splenial involvement in generalized conditions affecting the entire brain, with a hypothesis for pathophysiological mechanisms for the different diseases. RESULTS: The development of the Splenium is preceded by the formation of the hippocampal commissure. It is bordered by the falx and the tentorium and is perfused by the anterior and posterior circulation. It contains different caliber axonal fibers and the most compact area of callosal glial cells. These findings may explain the affinity of specific forms of pathology for this region. The fibers interconnect the temporal and occipital regions of both hemispheres reciprocally and are important in language, visuospatial information transfer and behavior. Acquired pathology may lead to changes in consciousness. CONCLUSION: The development, location, fiber composition and vascularization of the Splenium make it vulnerable to specific pathological processes. It appears to play an important role in consciousness.
Tianzi Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parcellating the intra Splenium based on the traced fiber from tractography
International Conference on Computer Vision, 2005Co-Authors: Gaolang Gong, Tianzi JiangAbstract:In this paper, we presented an indirect approach which automatically separates the Splenium of corpus callosum on mid-sagittal slice of diffusion tensor image (DTI). The callosal fibers were first extracted to decide the corresponding location in the 2D Splenium. Using some specific features determined from their geometric properties, the fibers crossing the Splenium were clustered into three bundles, which interconnect bilateral temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, respectively. The sub-regions of the Splenium were then demarcated by mapping the clusters to the Splenium. Similar distribution pattern of these three sub-regions were obtained by applying our method to two real data sets, which indicated the potential applicability of this approach for the further studies of the Splenium.
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CVBIA - Parcellating the intra-Splenium based on the traced fiber from tractography
Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications, 2005Co-Authors: Gaolang Gong, Tianzi JiangAbstract:In this paper, we presented an indirect approach which automatically separates the Splenium of corpus callosum on mid-sagittal slice of diffusion tensor image (DTI). The callosal fibers were first extracted to decide the corresponding location in the 2D Splenium. Using some specific features determined from their geometric properties, the fibers crossing the Splenium were clustered into three bundles, which interconnect bilateral temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, respectively. The sub-regions of the Splenium were then demarcated by mapping the clusters to the Splenium. Similar distribution pattern of these three sub-regions were obtained by applying our method to two real data sets, which indicated the potential applicability of this approach for the further studies of the Splenium.
Jun Kohyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simultaneous diffusion weighted magnetic resonance images and brain blood perfusion scintigraphy for a transient lesion in the Splenium of the corpus callosum
Brain & Development, 2008Co-Authors: Takeshi Nojo, Hidemasa Takao, Jun KohyamaAbstract:A transient lesion in the Splenium of the corpus callosum is a rare disease and its pathogenesis is unclear. We performed simultaneous diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images and brain blood perfusion scintigraphy for a transient lesion in the Splenium of the corpus callosum. This transient lesion showed hyperintensity on the diffusion-weighted images and hypointensity on the apparent diffusion coefficient map. However, normal blood perfusion was observed on brain blood perfusion scintigraphy. Transient axonal or intramyelinic edema might be a cause of the transient lesion in the Splenium of the corpus callosum.
